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Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights February 2024 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Szerzők : ANDRZEJ SANDERSKI

Progress on implementing the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework EN

17-01-2024 PE 754.196 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : This document provides an overview of developments to date on the GBF, milestones and timeline for implementation, and critical issues currently affecting discussions and progress prior to COP16.
Szerzők : Gabrielle Aubert

Combating microplastic pollution in the EU: Unintentional releases of plastic pellets EN

10-01-2024 PE 753.198 ENVI ITRE
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA is convincing on the need and conditions being in place to tackle the unintentional releases of plastic pellets as the main focus of the legislative initiative, although it appears that initially all six main sources of microplastic pollution were considered. The IA draws on extensive scientific evidence, literature and stakeholder consultations. It defines the scale of the problem, its drivers, affected stakeholders and how likely the problem is to persist, referring, inter alia, to global trends and future scenarios. The IA sets the general objective of contributing to the reduction of microplastic-related pollution by preventing and reducing pellet losses to the environment, thus reducing the adverse consequences of pellet pollution. It suggests four policy options (POs) to tackle the problem, which, however, do not appear to be full self-standing alternatives. The IA points to the consultation specifically targeting SMEs and its results showing the need for the lighter version of requirements, particularly on the obligation for external audit and certification. It assesses each policy option for their environmental, economic and social impacts, costs and administrative burden, and transparently lists assumptions, uncertainties and data limitations. However, the IA could have been clearer regarding reporting costs, which it considers to be accounted for under the REACH restriction, and the supporting study, and it could have made further efforts to quantify the expected benefits. The IA selects the preferred PO after comparing POs in terms of benefit to cost and their effectiveness, efficiency, coherence and proportionality. It suggests a combination of PO1 and PO2b): a mandatory standardised methodology to measure pellet losses combined with the mandatory requirements to prevent and reduce pellet losses, including lighter requirements for micro- and small companies. The IA expects that the initiative will contribute up to a quarter of the total 30 % reduction target for microplastics by 2030.
Szerzők : AUSRA RAKSTELYTE

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights January 2024 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Szerzők : ANDRZEJ SANDERSKI, ANNA MANGINI

International Climate Negotiations | Issues at stake in view of the COP28 UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai and beyond EN

10-11-2023 PE 754.191 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This study provides an overview of the status of international climate negotiations and issues at stake at the COP28 climate change conference, which will take place in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) from 30 November to 12 December 2023. It also addresses the current implementation of the Paris Agreement, the climate policies of key Parties and the stakeholders in the negotiations. The COP28 is organised under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which is the international framework for addressing the mitigation of climate change, the adaptation to a changing climate, loss and damage related to climate change and the support given to developing countries. |
Szerzők : Sienna HEALY, Lorenz MOOSMANN, Felix FALLASCH, Lambert SCHNEIDER, Nora WISSNER, Cristina URRUTIA, Anne SIEMONS, Dietram OPPELT, Anders MCCARTHY, Stefanie VON HEINEMANN & Neeta SHARMA

Commitments made at the hearing of MAROŠ ŠEFČOVIČ Executive Vice-President of the Commission on the European Green Deal EN

20-10-2023 PE 754.187 AGRI ENVI ITRE TRAN
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : The Executive Vice-President of the Commission, Maroš Šefčovič, appeared before the European Parliament on 3 October 2023 to answer questions put by MEPs from the Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI); Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE); Transport and Tourism (TRAN) and Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI). During the hearing, he made a number of commitments which are highlighted in this document. These commitments refer to his portfolio, as described in the mission letter sent to him by Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, including on the European Green Deal.
Szerzők : Georgios AMANATIDIS, Ariane DEBYSER

Commitments made at the hearing of WOPKE HOEKSTRA, Commissioner-designate on Climate Action EN

17-10-2023 PE 754.186 DEVE ENVI AFET ITRE
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The Commissioner-designate, Wopke Hoekstra, appeared before the European Parliament on 2 October 2023 to answer questions put by MEPs from the Committees on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI), Foreign Affairs (AFET), Development (DEVE) and Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). During the hearing, he made a number of commitments which are highlighted in this document. These commitments refer to his portfolio, as described in the mission letter sent to him by Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, including on Climate Action.
Szerzők : Michal MALOVEC, Georgios AMANATIDIS, MALTE FREDERIK HERGADEN

The potential impact of the unitary Supplementary Protection Certificate on access to health technologies EN

28-09-2023 PE 753.104 ENVI JURI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : In April 2023, the European Commission adopted regulatory proposals introducing a Unitary Supplementary Protection Certificate (SPC) and a centralised assessment procedure for SPCs for medicinal products. This study analyses the potential impacts of these proposals on access to medicines, the administrative burden to applicants and the cost to national health systems. This document was prepared by Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee.
Szerzők : Thyra DE JONGH, Bregtje KAMPHUIS, Sven BOSTYN & Alfred RADAUER

Revision of the EU pharmaceutical legislation EN

21-09-2023 PE 747.464 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The proposed revision of the EU's pharmaceutical framework covers the EU's general pharmaceutical legislation and the paediatric and orphan medicines regulations ('specific pharmaceutical legislation') in an integrated manner. The merger of the orphan and paediatric regulations with the legislation applicable to all medicinal products is explained with 'simplification and increased coherence' in the explanatory memorandum of the proposed directive. The proposed revision is supported by two impact assessments that were prepared in separate processes, but striving for utmost coherence, and eventually published under the same cover: one focusing on the general and the other on the specific pharmaceutical legislation. The ease of assessing the IAs in conjunction with the proposed legislation is somewhat hampered by the differences in structure described above. Both IAs draw on the results of the respective Commission evaluations, in line with the 'evaluate first principle'. They appear solid in substance, underpinned by a seemingly sound evidence base. Despite the complex nature of the topic, the main parts of the IAs are drafted in a way that is accessible to non-experts. Much of the data is further substantiated in (partly rather detailed and technical) annexes. Each IA presents three well-developed options in addition to the dynamic baseline scenario. The assessment of the specific policy measures' impacts under each option appears comprehensive; in particular, the section on economic impacts is developed thoroughly, substantiated by qualitative and quantitative data (including, inter alia, a cost-benefit analysis). In terms of transparency, the IA on the general pharmaceutical legislation (IA, part I), as published on EurLex and the Commission's public register of documents, is incomplete in the sense that it lacks all annexes, including the Commission's evaluation of the general pharmaceutical legislation, prepared back-to-back with the IA. Although the annexes were (later) published on a dedicated DG SANTE webpage, they remain difficult to trace and lack stable hyperlinks.
Szerzők : Irmgard ANGLMAYER

Health claims made on foods: Findings on the implementation and application of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 EN

08-09-2023 PE 747.456 SANT ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This European implementation assessment has been drawn up to support the work of the European Parliament's Subcommittee on Public Health (SANT) on its implementation report on Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. Building on the Commission evaluation report published in 2020, the study assesses the implementation and application of the Regulation on nutrition and health claims made on foods. Health claims and use of health claims on foods containing botanicals are at the heart of this study, while nutrition claims and food safety are excluded from its scope. The study is composed of three independent parts: an overview of the Nutrition and Health Claims Regulation and its evaluation report, plus two research papers. One of the papers analyses the application of the regulation through the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, presenting findings on the main legal issues and the European Food Safety Agency's risk assessment procedure. The other research paper examines the available literature on health implications of botanicals. It also delves into marketing practices on health claims and their impact on consumer behaviour. It then describes similarities and differences between the legal framework for health claims in the EU, the UK and the US. Both research papers provide policy recommendations on how to future-proof the rules on health claims made on foods in the EU.
Szerzők : Susanna TENHUNEN

Promoting the repair of consumer goods EN

17-07-2023 PE 747.455 ENVI IMCO
Briefing
Összefoglaló : In line with the overall objectives of the European Green Deal, the proposed initiative aims to render consumption more sustainable by increasing the repair and reuse of defective consumer goods, both within and outside their legal guarantee. It complements two related initiatives that are currently pending (eco-design and empowering consumers for the green transition). The IA presents a clear intervention logic and a seemingly comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment of the impacts of the seven policy options proposed, from which it derives a preferred set of options. The comparison of the environmental, economic, social and consumer impacts of the different policy options (including sub-options) relies inter alia on the results of a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The IA is specific about the costs that businesses would incur in the context of the OIOO approach. Overall, the proposed directive appears to reflect the preferred set of options identified in the IA. The entire IA draws to a large degree on a supporting study focusing on economic and behavioural analysis, the methodology of which is described in detail in Annex 4. However, despite over 100 direct references to that 'IA study', the IA does not provide access to the supporting study (not even a bibliographic reference), nor does it justify why the study is not disclosed, which goes against the transparency requirements set out in the BRG.
Szerzők : Irmgard ANGLMAYER

The UN High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development 10-19 July 2023, New York EN

27-06-2023 PE 740.088 DEVE ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Midway of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the High-Level Political Forum 2023 marks a pivotal point in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The impact of the multiple crises of the past years, as well as the interlinkages and synergies of the SDGs present both challenges and opportunities for a systemic approach towards our common objectives. For the global community not to lose the progress in this global decade of action, there is a need for the EU to take the lead, both in domestic policies and international cooperation. Conclusions from the Eurostat Monitoring Report 2023, Sustainable Development Report 2022 and civil society analysis point to the EU’s progress on social-economic SDGs, and notes insufficient progress on environmental objectives and global partnerships. Thus, there is a strong need for policy coherence, financing frameworks and political will to ensure the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the objectives set out in the Paris Climate Agreement.
Szerzők : Nora HILLER

Raising ambition levels at the IMO for 2050 | An overview of the key issues at stake at MEPC 80 EN

14-06-2023 PE 740.089 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The briefing provides an overview of the key positions taken ahead of MEPC 80 with a focus on both the setting of ambitious GHG targets under the revision to the IMO GHG Strategy and the further discussion of the basket of mid- to long-term measures needed to deliver this enhanced level of ambition.
Szerzők : Nora WISSNER, Sean HEALY

Certification of carbon removals EN

17-05-2023 PE 747.423 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA is convincing on the need to expand sustainable carbon removals and encourage innovative solutions to capture, recycle and store CO2. It points to the transboundary nature of climate change as justifying EU action, but the proportionality of the initiative is not discussed and there is no subsidiarity grid to further clarify the proposal's subsidiarity and proportionality aspects. The IA identifies three problems hindering effective and sustainable carbon removal activities; it describes them sufficiently well, but could have given more detail as to their scale in more detail. The IA suggests two sets of policy options (POs) (quality options and governance options) with two alternatives to the baseline per set of options; this raises the question whether the four possible combinations of POs provide a sufficient range of options. The IA assesses the initiative's environmental, economic and social impacts and links them to seven SDGs. It compares the four POs packages for their effectiveness and efficiency. It describes their coherence with other policy initiatives and instruments, and concludes that the preferred option is where the Commission develops certification methodologies and ensures the correct implementation of the framework. An SME test was done and concluded that SMEs were expected to provide a 'very significant contribution to the implementation of the initiative', which 'potentially offers significant financial opportunities for economic operators in these sectors'. The IA discusses the discarded options, such as a mandatory requirement for all EU operators to certify carbon removals in line with the EU framework. The voluntary nature of the initiative could have been explained more clearly. Although the initiative is apparently supported by the majority of stakeholders and the IA consistently refers to stakeholders' opinions and is well founded on available evidence, stakeholders' views on the preferred option could have been presented more transparently. The IA refers to an extensive literature and relevant recent studies; links are provided to most of footnotes and reference documents are mentioned, increasing the transparency and accessibility of the information used.
Szerzők : AUSRA RAKSTELYTE

The 76th World Health Assembly EN

10-05-2023 PE 740.084 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : The 76th World Health Assembly (WHA) will take place in Geneva, Switzerland, from 21 to 30 May 2023. The WHA is the highest decision-making body of the World Health Organization (WHO), gathering annually and composed of delegations from all 194 Member States (MS). The WHA discusses and votes on the decisions and resolutions prepared by either WHO’s Executive Board (EB), Director-General or proposed by groups of MS. The Executive Board is composed of 34 individuals elected for three years, and its annual meeting takes place in January.
Szerzők : Maxime MOULAC, Pavlou PANAGIOTA, Olivia AOUATI

EU critical raw materials act EN

Briefing
Összefoglaló : As the first EU act specifically regulating the EU's CRM supply, the proposed initiative aims to address an area previously identified as one of the EU's strategic dependencies. Following a clear problem description, the IA presents three (partially overlapping) policy options and a thorough analysis of their possible impacts, with a clear focus on economic impacts. The identification of the preferred policy option appears justified. The predominantly qualitative assessment draws merely on desk research and stakeholder input. In this respect, the IA admits to having 'significant data gaps' and a 'limited' evidence base, owing in part to 'the lack of a supporting study'. With regard to stakeholder input, the IA does not explain why the public consultation was open for only 8 weeks (instead of the default 12). It is notable that the proposed regulation deviates somewhat in scope from the IA: it adds a further specific objective – namely to diversify CRM imports in order to reduce strategic dependencies – and provides for a few measures that were either not assessed at all in the IA, or which were outside the preferred policy option.
Szerzők : Irmgard ANGLMAYER

Classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures EN

05-05-2023 PE 740.257 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA provides a convincing justification on the need to revise the CLP. It presents a well-evidenced problem definition and describes the scale of the problems. The IA does not provide self-standing policy options addressing all the drivers. Instead, it provides three policy option packages, under which the sub-options are the policy options; however, there are in fact only a few alternative choices. The IA explains the policy options and their impacts in detail in extensive annexes. The comparison of the options would have benefited from further clarification, as the IA does not score the options but instead it describes them qualitatively and does not use comparable expressions.The preferred option package is sufficiently justified and the reasons for discarding measures have been explained. The IA openly explains the limitations in the analysis, in particular in relation to quantification. The IA provides a description of the broad stakeholder consultations. It appears from the annexes that an SME test was conducted; however it would have been more reader-friendly if this had been explained in the main text or at least in a separate annex, as the information related to different elements of the SME test is presented in a rather fragmented way throughout the IA. The IA could have clarified for the sake of transparency, whether the supporting studies are publicly available.
Szerzők : ULLA-MARI TUOMINEN

Independence and transparency policies of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) EN

13-04-2023 PE 740.080 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This study has been commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies at the request of the ENVI Committee. It analyses EFSA’s independence and transparency policies and examines how legislative provisions have been implemented by EFSA and whether rules and practices adopted by EFSA can be improved.
Szerzők : Ellen VOS, Annalisa VOLPATO, and Guido BELLENGHI

Packaging and packaging waste EN

29-03-2023 PE 740.245 AGRI ENVI ITRE IMCO
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA provides a good overview of the problems relating to packaging and packaging waste, and the possible impacts of the various measures proposed to address the problems. In its assessment, which is both qualitative and quantitative, the IA relies on a wealth of data sources and modelling. However, it does not clearly indicate the IA supporting studies and their full references; this would have improved transparency. The IA presents three policy options, which are partially incremental and cannot therefore serve as self-standing alternatives. The IA provides sufficient justification for the preferred option. Broad stakeholder consultations were carried out and the IA presents stakeholders' views, although on individual measures rather than on the three policy options. The description of the monitoring and evaluation plan is rather limited; for example, the operational objectives and the timeframe for the evaluation are not explained. On a technical point, the IA could have made more use of the material from the extensive annexes, for example, to describe the policy options and the third problem in more detail in the main text.
Szerzők : ULLA-MARI TUOMINEN

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - March 2023 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Revision of the EU Regulation on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures EN

03-03-2023 PE 740.223 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The European Union has been developing a policy on chemicals for more than 50 years. It employs legal regulation as the main policy instrument and aims to protect human health and the environment against the hazardous properties of chemicals, ensuring their free movement within the internal market, while also promoting competitiveness and innovation in the relevant industrial sector. Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on the classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures (the CLP Regulation) is a key regulatory instrument of EU chemicals policy. In 2020, in the context of the zero pollution ambition of the European Green Deal, the European Commission adopted a chemicals strategy for sustainability aimed at better protecting citizens and the environment and boosting innovation for safe and sustainable chemicals. The achievement of these objectives requires the revision of several pieces of EU legislation regulating chemicals, including the CLP Regulation. This briefing informs parliamentary decision-making by presenting findings on the implementation of the regulation.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

Potential measures to facilitate the productions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) EN

01-03-2023 PE 740.070 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : European countries have been experiencing medicine shortages due to disruptions in the supply chain. Reshoring the productions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is considered as an approach to secure the supply. This study informs about the state-of-play of API production in the European Union, including reshoring initiatives. Studying potential benefits and challenges of local API production and the processes of reshoring, the document explores measures to facilitate the production of APIs in the European Union.
Szerzők : Stefan FISCHER, Verena KNOLL, Frank ALLEWELDT, Sabine VOGLER

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - February 2023 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Towards EU leadership in the space sector through open strategic autonomy - Cost of non-Europe EN

Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This 'cost of non-Europe' report looks at the potential benefits of efficient, ambitious and united EU-level action in the space sector. The report finds that to enable the European space sector to benefit from open strategic autonomy, and to ensure EU access to and use of space, including for its security, the EU must act decisively. Moving away from fragmentation could bring large benefits, amounting to at least €140 billion per year by 2050.
Szerzők : ALEKSANDRA HEFLICH, JEROME LEON SAULNIER, CLEMENT THIERRY EVROUX

Health-related quality of life in people living with HIV EN

19-01-2023 PE 734.011 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : The evolution of HIV from a fatal to a long-term condition poses challenges for people living with HIV and for health and social care systems across the EU. This paper aims to help Members of the European Parliament and other interested stakeholders to obtain a better picture of the current situation in relation to HIV among people living with HIV in the EU, HIV-related stigma and issues which impact on health-related quality of life for people living with HIV.
Szerzők : ECDC European Centre for Disease Control

Protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to asbestos at work EN

13-01-2023 PE 734.709 ENVI EMPL
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA provides a well-evidenced description of the problem and its scale and sufficiently substantiates the need to lower the current EU occupational exposure level for asbestos. However, the IA could have explained the evaluation findings in more detail and clarified the problem drivers further. The IA clearly explains the scientific opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC), according to which there is no safe exposure level and therefore the RAC did not recommend any specific OEL. The IA describes different OEL options, but does not explain to what extent the options differ, for example, in terms of risk management measures. The IA justifies the preferred option for example by the efficiency aspects (cost/benefit ratio). In the effectiveness analysis, the IA finds that the preferred option is the best one, as it is supported by employers' and government interest groups, and therefore 'offers the best balance between prevention and practical implementation'. It would have benefited the analysis if the IA had explained this argument in more detail, given the different views of the social partners. The Commission has carried out an SME test, as nearly all the companies involved in the asbestos work are small companies. According to the estimates, in the construction sector, which represents 99 % of the companies involved in work with asbestos, the costs would remain largely proportionate. The IA explains the analytical methods used, as well as the limitations and uncertainties of the analysis.
Szerzők : ULLA-MARI TUOMINEN

Establishing the European health data space EN

11-01-2023 PE 730.342 ENVI LIBE IMCO
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Overall, the IA describes the scope of the problem sufficiently well, and explains briefly, but convincingly, the need for EU action, although proportionality does not appear to have been dealt with in any depth. The IA does not define any operational objectives, which would illustrate what the deliverables of the specific policy actions are, although it identifies monitoring indicators for the specific objectives. The sufficient range of retained policy options is structured according to increasing levels of regulatory intervention, and appears to be convincing. However, the IA would have benefited from providing a more user-friendly description of some of the envisaged measures. On the whole, the IA appears to have analysed aspects of the economic impact satisfactorily, while the analysis regarding environmental impacts is very limited, although this appears justified based on the problem definition and the objectives identified. As regards social impacts, the IA quantifies the benefits, expressed in terms of savings in health expenditure, for healthcare providers, patients, researchers and innovators. The analysis regarding the impact on SMEs is rather weak, not least considering that 95 % of the companies operating in the medical technologies sector are SMEs. The analysis of the impact on innovation is not dealt with comprehensively, whereas this would perhaps have been warranted considering that increasing innovation in health products and services is part of the general and specific objectives, while the analysis regarding competitiveness is almost non-existent. The IA appears to have addressed the RSB's comments only partially. The proposal appears to be consistent with the analysis carried out in the IA as regards the envisaged measures included in the preferred options.
Szerzők : STEFANO VETTORAZZI

Regulation on nature restoration EN

02-12-2022 PE 734.702 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA examines the problem's nature and scale comprehensively. It offers a broad and realistic range of policy options and presents the stakeholders' views on the options transparently. It gives a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the economic, social and environmental impacts, referring to the evaluation of the EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 that ran in parallel to the IA, as well as an external support study, stakeholder consultations and various duly referenced data sources. It is open about limitations and uncertainties, such as risks that could potentially limit the benefits of ecosystem restoration. It states that for some ecosystems there was insufficient data to allow a quantitative estimation of costs and benefits. The IA does not quantify the costs and benefits of the policy options for SMEs, and does not discuss competitiveness substantially.
Szerzők : DIETER FRIZBERG

Revision of Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste EN

01-12-2022 PE 734.698 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Directive 94/62/EC aims to harmonise national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste. The objective is to protect the environment and ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. In 2018, the directive was revised, and more ambitious targets for recycling of packaging waste were set for EU Member States to achieve by 2025 and 2030 (for instance, by the end of 2030, at least 70 % by weight of all packaging waste will have to be recycled). Article 9(5) of the directive requires another revision to reinforce the 'essential requirements' with which all packaging material must comply to be placed on the market. It is expected that further measures aimed at reducing the generation of packaging waste will be introduced as part of the revision, in line with commitments taken under the EU plastics strategy, the European Green Deal and its circular economy pillar. This briefing informs parliamentary decision-making by presenting findings on the implementation of the directive, and in particular the reinforcement of the 'essential requirements', which is central to the upcoming revision.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

ISSUES AT STAKE AT THE COP 15 CONFERENCE TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY EN

29-11-2022 PE 734.012 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : This study aims at providing background information on the history and functioning of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and its Protocols. It also gives an overview on recent developments and main topics to be discussed at COP15. Special emphasis is put on the development of the Post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.
Szerzők : Andreas HEISSENBERGER, Anita GREITER

Antimicrobial resistance – New incentives to improve the accessibility and availability of antimicrobial medicinal products EN

22-11-2022 PE 740.069 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : These proceedings summarise the presentations and discussions before the European Parliament’s Health Working Group as part of the workshop on ‘New incentives to improve the accessibility and availability of antimicrobial medicinal products’, held on 26 October 2022. The five presentations touched, inter alia, upon the burden of AMR, the current research on development of antimicrobials, and incentive models. These workshop proceedings were provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Szerzők : Maxime MOULAC, Ursula THEURETZBACHER
A dokumentum típusa

Összefoglaló

What if a 'Trojan horse' strategy could help address antimicrobial resistance? EN

16-11-2022 PE 729.544 COVI ENVI IMCO
Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : Antimicrobial-resistant infections are predicted to become the second biggest cause of death worldwide by 2050. Despite increasing investment in the development of new antimicrobials, awareness campaigns on antimicrobial misuse and abuse, and monitoring of antimicrobial use and resistance in animals, humans and the environment, antimicrobial resistance continues to grow and the last three decades have not seen even one novel antimicrobial class reach the market. Could the answer lie in a 'Trojan horse' strategy to disrupt a natural physiological process common to all bacteria?
Szerzők : LUISA ANTUNES

Further reduction of the ozone depleting substances EN

11-11-2022 PE 734.694 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA defines the problem, its drivers and the need to revise the 2009 Ozone Regulation convincingly. It appears to be well substantiated and based on extensive public consultations and recent data, the supporting study and the evaluation of the 2009 regulation. However, the IA could have referenced the data more effectively and provided links to all public sources. The measures identified as feasible are explained with reference to stakeholders' opinions, feasibility and proportionality, while discarded measures are clarified in a dedicated annex. Based on the comparison of options and their impacts, as well as the EU's international obligations and in particular its climate ambitions, the explanation of the choice of preferred option appears convincing. The costs and benefits of each measure have been identified and analysed in a thorough manner; this includes identification of who would be affected and how. While the level of ambition concerning the emissions reduction appears to be supported by the majority of stakeholders, the IA does not give a clear overview of how different stakeholders see the economic impacts of the preferred option's measures. The IA, to the extent possible, includes consideration of regional impacts and impacts on vulnerable consumers. Synergies with other EU policies and legislation (e.g. the F-Gas Regulation and the Waste Framework Directive) are identified and explained.
Szerzők : AUSRA RAKSTELYTE

Revision of the Construction Products Regulation EN

09-11-2022 PE 734.692 ENVI IMCO
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA provides a good information package concerning the revision of the CPR, including a summary of the SME test that was carried out, relying on a wealth of evidence, studies and reports. Yet, while the problem definition is well evidenced, the description of the problems and their scale would have benefited from more detailed explanations. In the extensive stakeholder consultations, stakeholders had different views about the policy options; for example, the preferred option received less support than the options suggesting keeping the baseline or making a revision without major changes. The stakeholder feedback lacked detailed information on the nature of costs for manufacturers and the response rate was low, which weakens the economic analysis and raises doubts about the representativeness of the stakeholder views. The Commission openly explains the uncertainties affecting the economic analysis as well as those linked to the assessment of the risks on health and safety due to the lack of data. The IA provides the justification for the preferred option in terms of effectiveness and coherence criteria, but the efficiency aspect lacks robustness (the comparison of the options is only qualitative). The preferred sub-option of the preferred option was developed after the stakeholder consultation, and therefore the IA does not reflect stakeholders' views on it.
Szerzők : ULLA-MARI TUOMINEN

The 19th Conference of the Parties on CITES, Panama, 14 - 25 November 2022 EN

08-11-2022 PE 734.005 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : The 19th Conference of the Parties (COP19) on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to be held in Panama in November 2022, provides the opportunity for Parties to review the implementation of the Convention, consider amendments to strengthen protection of key species, make recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the Convention, and discuss finance and resources for stronger action. Despite the high degree of political attention that illegal trade has attracted, a number of weaknesses have been identified in the implementation of CITES.
Szerzők : Manuel Mota, Panagiota Pavlou, Laura Vona, Isa Vroom and Tony Zamparutti

Revision of the urban waste water treatment directive EN

28-10-2022 PE 734.684 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Since its adoption in 1991, the main objective of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive has been the protection of the environment from the adverse effects of urban waste water discharges. While the directive has not been revised until now, recent developments – such as contaminants of emerging concern, increasing heavy rainfalls and adoption of stricter rules in some Member States – have rendered its evaluation necessary. This briefing offers an overview of the evaluation of this directive as well as of relevant stakeholders' position papers in view of its forthcoming revision.
Szerzők : Izabela Cristina BACIAN

Revision of the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives EN

19-10-2022 PE 734.679 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Air pollution is a serious issue with tangible negative effects on health, the environment, economies and societies. The EU has developed a policy on air quality to help Member States reduce air polluting emissions. Although emissions have been falling for the past two decades, exceedances for certain harmful pollutants are still widespread and persistent. A 2019 Commission fitness check of the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs), which are central to EU air quality policy, shows that the two directives 'have not ensured that sufficient action is taken throughout the EU to meet air quality standards and keep exceedances as short as possible, resulting in a mixed picture'. The identified deficiencies require a revision of the AAQDs, which also need to be adapted to the priorities of the European Green Deal and in particular to its zero pollution pillar. The European Parliament, which scrutinised implementation of the AAQDs in 2021, will be a co-legislator in this revision. This briefing presents findings on the implementation of the directives and thus aims to inform parliamentary decision-making.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

Fostering coherence in EU health research: Strengthening EU research for better health EN

19-10-2022 PE 737.114 ENVI ITRE
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : The COVID 19 pandemic prompted reinforced investment in health research, to support rapid research and innovation for vaccine development and health care measures. The European Union response highlighted strengths and weaknesses in EU research organisation and funding. Over time, EU investment in health research has been aimed at increasing knowledge and transfer of knowledge into innovation, for better health. To this end, several instruments have been developed, but the impact of these efforts is hampered by fragmentation and a lack of synergy between strategies at different levels. Inequalities in health and research across Member States need further measures. Policies can take inspiration from successful health research organisation and policies inside and outside the EU, for more coherence and throughput to implementation. Health research needs strong leadership to engage in global health and to tackle the challenges of the interconnectedness of health with environmental and climate challenges, and durable economic development. Stakeholder involvement in a formal structure will secure permanent dialogue for fruitful research and development.
Szerzők : This study has been written by Karin Sipido, David Fajardo-Ortiz, Tom Vercruysse, WolfgangGlanzel and Reinhilde Veugelers of KULeuvenat the request of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) and managed by the Scientific Foresight Unit, within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament
A dokumentum típusa

ANN1

Outlook for the European Council meeting on 20 – 21 October 2022 EN

17-10-2022 PE 743.680 ENVI AFET ITRE ECON
Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : On 20 and 21 October 2022, EU Heads of State or Government will meet for a formal European Council dedicated to Ukraine, energy and the economy – three interlinked topics that have been permanently on the European Council agenda since Russia launched its war on Ukraine. EU leaders are expected to condemn Russia's further escalation of the conflict and recent attacks on civilians and infrastructure across Ukraine; condemn the sham referendums in four Ukrainian regions; consider the deepening food crisis; and explore ways to protect critical infrastructure after the Nord Stream pipelines sabotage. On energy, the European Council meeting is expected to agree on new strategic guidelines, with discussion on means of reducing gas prices, price-caps or alternative approaches – an issue on which Member States have diverging views – likely to be rather heated. EU leaders will also discuss climate change and biodiversity protection ahead of the main annual events on these topics led by the United Nations (UN). Moreover, leaders will hold a debate on China and prepare for the December 2022 summit between the EU and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The European Council meeting will open with the traditional exchange of views with the European Parliament's President, Roberta Metsola.
Szerzők : Suzana Elena ANGHEL

The COP27 Climate Change Conference EN

03-10-2022 PE 733.989 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This study provides an overview of the status of international climate negotiations and issues at stake at the COP27 climate change conference. It also addresses the current implementation of the Paris Agreement, the stakeholders in the negotiations and the climate policies of key Parties. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Szerzők : Lorenz MOOSMANN, Anne SIEMONS, Felix FALLASCH, Lambert SCHNEIDER, Cristina URRUTIA, Nora WISSNER, Roman MENDELEVITCH, Hauke HERMANN, Sean HEALY, Dietram OPPELT, Stefanie HEINEMANN

Tracking the EU Commissioners’ commitments - Von der Leyen Commission, 2019 - 2024 EN

Briefing
Összefoglaló : This document is a compilation of briefings that track the commitments made by the Vice-Presidents and Commissioners to the European Parliament – in their written answers to Parliament’s questions, at their hearings, and, in some cases, in subsequent appearances before Parliament’s committees. The document provides an overview of the state-of-play at the mid-term of the von der Leyen Commission. Since many of these commitments were made, major international crises have shifted some political priorities. The Vice-Presidents’ and Commissioners’ progress on their commitments should be considered in this context.

Tracking the EU Commissioners’ commitments - Von der Leyen Commission, 2019 - 2024: Stella Kyriakides EN

20-09-2022 PE 703.371 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : This briefing follows up the commitments made by the commissioner since 2019.

Tracking the EU Commissioners’ commitments - Von der Leyen Commission, 2019 - 2024: Frans Timmermans. EN

20-09-2022 PE 703.374 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : This briefing follows up the commitments made by the commissioner since 2019.

Tracking the EU Commissioners’ commitments - Von der Leyen Commission, 2019 - 2024: Virginijus Sinkevičius EN

20-09-2022 PE 703.381 ENVI PECH
Briefing
Összefoglaló : This briefing follows up the commitments made by the commissioner in 2019.

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - September 2022 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Novel tobacco and nicotine products and their effects on health EN

01-09-2022 PE 740.068 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : These proceedings summarise the presentations and discussions before the European Parliament’s Health Working Group as part of the workshop on ‘Novel tobacco products and their effects on health’, held on 30 November 2022. The four presentations touched, inter alia, upon the current state of research on health effects, their role in harm reduction and regulatory recommendations. These workshop proceedings were provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the European Parliament Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Szerzők : Julia Lietzmann, Maxime Moulac
A dokumentum típusa

Összefoglaló

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - July 2022 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

The UN High Level Political Forum (HLPF) on Sustainable Development Goals, 5-15 July 2022, New York EN

28-06-2022 PE 733.966 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The purpose of this briefing is to provide support to the European Parliament delegation prior to the 10th session of the United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) between 5 – 15 July at the United Nations (UN) Headquarters, New York, under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council. It provides an overview of key issues at stake in the meeting and progress made on the implementation of the SDGs by the EU, with a particular focus on the SDGs to be reviewed in depth at the Forum. It also provides an overview of tools and pathways available to accelerate the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda, which has relevance for all areas of DG ENVI's Committee, on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. The link to policy priorities include SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 5 (Gender Equality), with the former linking to all of the SDGs. SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 15 (Life on Land) connect to the European Green Deal, Biodiversity, the Circular Economy, public health, food safety, air and water quality, the use of chemicals and pesticides, and SDG 17 (Partnerships) encompasses the the external dimensions and impacts of EU policies on the EU's global partners.
Szerzők : Sarah Franklyn, Nora Hiller and Antoine Oger (IEEP)

What if we sequenced all human genomes? EN

27-06-2022 PE 729.532 ENVI ITRE
Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The rapid growth of genetic databases worldwide, coupled with fast-decreasing costs and the rapid pace of technological change, has increased the possibility of every human genome on Earth being sequenced this century. This raises ethical and legal questions on data privacy and ownership. While a global genetic database would revolutionise preventive medicine and research, new forms of surveillance, discrimination and power imbalances could emerge. The global interplay between the individual, the state and private individuals could shift, requiring modern and flexible legislation to protect the rights of the individual.
Szerzők : LUISA ANTUNES

The United Nations Ocean Conference, 27 June -1 July 2022, Lisbon, Portugal EN

15-06-2022 PE 703.379 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Pollution, ecosystem decline, climate impacts and overfishing threaten the health of the world’s ocean. The 2022 Ocean Conference provides an opportunity to strengthen synergies among stakeholders to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14, ‘Life Below Water’. The targets set under SDG 14 have largely not been achieved on an international level. Marine pollution remains a major issue, while increasing deoxygenation and acidification is putting marine species and coastal communities alike in danger. Existing and emerging economic activities (such as shipping and seabed mining) are competing for the use of marine space and are threatening ecosystems and biodiversity. Fish stocks continue to be overexploited. The economies of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and many Least Developing States (LDS) depend on the health the ocean.
Szerzők : Argyro Kepesidi, Panagiota Pavlou, Isa Vroom, Tony Zamparutti (Milieu Consulting)

Fit for 55 package: Reducing methane emissions in the energy sector EN

14-06-2022 PE 730.328 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA clearly identifies the problem that needs to be addressed and details the problem drivers. Furthermore, the IA discusses the evolution of the problem if the EU were to take no action. The IA relates the objectives with the problem/problem drivers in a supported manner. The options for the different policy areas to tackle appear to be sufficient and justified against the objectives. The assessment of the options retained for their economic, environmental and social impacts is thorough, but could have benefited from the availability of more complete data, and from the application of the Better Regulation Guidelines in assessing impacts on SMEs and on competitiveness. The indicators for monitoring and evaluating the success of the initiative are supported by existing frameworks and can be considered to be sufficient and effective. Consultation of interested parties occurred through an open public consultation and three stakeholder meetings, the findings of which are in line with the preferred options in the IA. The analysis performed in the IA seems to be well supported, and the comments from the RSB were addressed. In conclusion, the IA and the proposal are consistent.
Szerzők : HENRIQUE ANDRE MORGADO SIMOES

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - June 2022 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Improving the quality of public spending in Europe - Green transformation policy EN

23-05-2022 PE 730.317 ENVI BUDG PETI ECON
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : Linking national spending on the environment with the effects it has on the environmental performance of EU Member States allows for a better assessment of the effective quality of budgetary interventions. In this analysis, based on the detailed research paper in the Annex, we discuss under what circumstances some public environmental expenditure could be spent more efficiently at EU rather than at national level. We estimate that this transfer towards a more efficient level of governance would allow Member States to save between €20 billion and €26 billion of budgetary spending per year. In the present exacerbated economic, social and environmental crisis, we conclude that reducing budgetary waste and improving the way public money is spent should be fully integrated to achieve more sustainable development.
Szerzők : ALEKSANDRA HEFLICH, JEROME LEON SAULNIER

The 75th World Health Assembly “Health for peace and peace for health” EN

20-05-2022 PE 703.362 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : The 75th World Health Assembly will take place in Geneva, Switzerland from 22 to 28 May 2022. The main topic is “Health for peace and peace for health”. It will discuss and treat matters focusing on four pillars, three of which contribute to the “triple billion targets”: Pillar 1: One billion more people benefiting from universal health coverage ; Pillar 2: One billion more people better protected from health emergencies ; Pillar 3: One billion more people enjoying better health and well-being ; Pillar 4: More effective and efficient WHO providing better support to countries. Delegations from 194 WHO Member States and other organisations (with observer status) will participate in the meeting, that consists of a plenary and two committees. Between sessions technical meetings and social events are organised. The European Union cooperates with WHO and supports its activities in reaching its targets on global, regional and local (country) level. The European Parliament has provided major contributions relevant for the 75th WHA including on accelerating progress and tackling inequalities towards ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030 (Pillar I), the upgrade of the cross-border health threats framework, strengthening of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Pillar II) as well as for example the EU food and feed regulation (Pillar III).
Szerzők : Katharina HABIMANA; Alexander HAASIS, Sabine VOGLER

Minimising the risk of deforestation and forest degradation associated with products placed on the EU market and exported from the EU EN

13-04-2022 PE 730.312 AGRI ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact assessment (IA) accompanying the proposal for an EU legal framework to halt and reverse EU-driven global deforestation, submitted on 17 November 2021 and referred to the European Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI). The proposal was first announced in the 2019 Commission communication on Stepping up EU action to protect and restore the world's forests, and then confirmed in the European Green Deal, the 2030 EU biodiversity strategy and the 'farm to fork' strategy. On 22 October 2020, on the basis of an own-initiative report, the European Parliament adopted a resolution, which was accompanied by a European added value assessment. The resolution calls on the Commission to submit a proposal for an EU legal framework to halt and reverse EU-driven global deforestation. Following up on this request, the Commission included the present proposal in its 2021 work programme and the 2021 joint declaration on legislative priorities.
Szerzők : Vera VIKOLAINEN

Review of the Waste Shipment Regulation EN

11-04-2022 PE 699.493 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA convincingly illustrates the identified problems, although their scale is not always supported by estimates, or the source of some of the estimates is not provided. When discussing how the situation would evolve without further action, the IA neither discusses the evolution of each problem identified nor any other existing or upcoming EU initiatives that could lead to improvements. The general objectives appear to be consistent with the problems identified, and the specific objectives comply broadly with the SMART criteria. The retained options tackle the problems' drivers identified progressively, although it is unclear why some of the policy measures identified under Options 2 or 3 were not taken up under the preferred Option 4. The IA appears to assess the main economic, social, and environmental impacts for each policy measure comprehensively, quantifying them whenever possible, and otherwise providing a qualitative assessment. However, the analysis on SMEs is quite limited, and the IA does not provide any explanation as to why competitiveness was not considered. Moreover, despite it likely being relevant, the IA does not appear to have dealt with the impact on third/developing countries sufficiently and systematically. Overall, the monitoring framework envisaged appears to be adequate, although more clarity as to the choice of identifying indicators for only two specific objectives would have been beneficial. Stakeholders were consulted extensively and their opinions systematically reported. The efforts undertaken to provide quantitative support for the analysis performed appear to be convincing, and the IA appears to have addressed the RSB's comments satisfactorily. Finally, the proposal appears to be consistent with the analysis carried out in the IA.
Szerzők : STEFANO VETTORAZZI

Solvency II review EN

11-04-2022 PE 730.314 ENVI JURI ECON
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA covers two Commission proposals representing the biggest amendment to date of the Solvency II framework, which came into force in the EU in 2016. Important parts of the framework laid down in delegated and implementing acts will be updated by the Commission at a later stage. This IA builds on a broad consultation of stakeholders, and on extensive advice from the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA). In addition to various reports from EIOPA including a holistic IA, the IA draws on a technical report from the JRC and an external study, which are adequately referenced and publicly accessible. The objectives are directly linked to the problems identified in the IA and their consequences. The Solvency II review aims to increase policyholders' protection as well as the insurers' contribution to the long-term green financing of the economy, to contribute to financial stability, and to preserve the international competitiveness of the EU insurance industry. The preferred options are in line with EIOPA's advice, except for the policy dimension related to proportionality, where the IA explains why the preferred option deviates from EIOPA's recommendation. The IA shows how the combination of preferred options is expected to contribute to the achievement of the objectives identified. The IA assesses and compares the potential impacts of the options presented to achieve these objectives in a systematic way. In addition, the IA describes the potential positive impact of the preferred options on SMEs. The IA also explains how the proposed Solvency II review is expected to improve proportionality and to simplify the regulatory framework. The IA mainly focuses on the economic impacts of the initiative. The main social impact assessed by the IA concerns the expected improvement of policyholder protection. Potential environmental impacts relating to enhanced green financing, could have been more clearly addressed in the IA.
Szerzők : VERONIQUE GIRARD

Revision of the Industrial Emissions Directive and update of the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) EN

28-03-2022 PE 699.497 ENVI ITRE
Briefing
Összefoglaló : Industrial pollution is regulated by the EU directive on industrial emissions (IED). It lays down rules designed to prevent, or, if impracticable, to reduce emissions into air, water and land and to prevent the generation of waste, in order to achieve a high level of protection of the environment taken as a whole. The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) ensures public access to data on emissions from major industrial activities. The ex-post evaluations of the directive and the regulation setting the register show they are generally performing well in practice. However, there are implementation issues, including inconsistences between the directive and the register. This briefing presents findings of publicly available sources on the implementation of both pieces of EU law and thus aims at informing their upcoming revision in the context of European Green Deal, in which Parliament will be a co-legislators.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

Revision of Regulation (EC) 1005/2009 on substances depleting the ozone layer EN

16-03-2022 PE 699.490 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The depletion of the ozone layer affects negatively both humans and the natural environment. It is provoked by chemicals known as 'ozone depleting substances' (ODSs), which are also potent greenhouse gases. They have been subject to legal regulation at international level for several decades (the Vienna Convention and its Montreal Protocol, adopted in the second half of the 1980s under UN auspices). EU has always spearheaded global efforts in the field of ODSs, adopting its first rules in the early 1980s and later addressing them specifically through Regulation (EC) 1005/2009. The ex-post evaluation of the implementation of the regulation published at the end of 2019 shows that overall performance matches expectations and that the regulation is thus fit for purpose, despite some aspects in need of improvement. A Commission proposal for revision of the regulation is expected in the spring of 2022. This implementation appraisal presents findings on the implementation of the regulation.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

'Fit for 55' package: Revising the Regulation on land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) EN

22-02-2022 PE 699.483 AGRI ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission’s impact assessment (IA) accompanying the proposal to amend the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) Regulation (EU) 2018/841. Despite the effort involved, the IA contains a number of shortcoming that significantly limit its potential to usefully inform policy-making. The impacts of the preferred option, its costs and benefits remain unclear, despite the estimates provided in the IA. Moreover, the baseline used in this IA does not appear to be dynamic or harmonised with the 'fit for 55' package, while one of the options does not appear to be a real alternative. Finally, the proposal does not seem to follow the recommendations of the IA, which suggests that relatively less ambitious LULUCF targets under Option 2 combined with ESR-LULUCF flexibility would be more coherent if the ESR targets are significantly raised (which is the preferred option in the ESR IA and the proposal for ESR revision).
Szerzők : Vera VIKOLAINEN

‘Fit for 55’ package: Fuel EU Maritime EN

18-02-2022 PE 699.482 ENVI IMCO TRAN
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The impact assessment (IA) supporting the proposal 'Fuel EU Maritime' provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis, which is based on sound and recent data. It also explains some uncertainties in the analysis of impacts. The IA presents a well-evidenced problem definition and a sufficiently broad range of policy options. The quality of the IA is weakened by some inconsistencies in the comparison of options. In addition, the IA does not assess to what extent SMEs are effected of this proposal and the stakeholders' views on the fully fledged options are not indicated. It can be noted also that the open public consultation period does not meet the 12 week-requirement.
Szerzők : ULLA-MARI TUOMINEN

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - January 2022 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Carbon farming | Making agriculture fit for 2030 EN

16-12-2021 PE 695.487 ENVI
Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : Carbon farming refers to sequestering and storing carbon and/or reducing greenhouse gas emissions at farm level. It offers significant but uncertain mitigation potential in the EU, can deliver co-benefits to farmers and society, but also carries risks that need to be managed. The report identifies opportunities and constraints for carbon farming, options for financing, and open questions that need to be resolved to scale up carbon farming in a way that delivers robust climate mitigation and European Union Green Deal objectives.
Szerzők : Hugh McDonald, Ana Frelih-Larsen, Clunie Keenleyside, Anna Lóránt, Laurens Duin, Sarah Pyndt Andersen, Giulia Costa, Gabrielle Aubert, Nora Hiller

'Fit for 55' package: Revision of the Effort-Sharing Regulation EN

15-12-2021 PE 699.465 AGRI ENVI ITRE TRAN
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The IA analyses the nature and scale of the problem, which triggers the revision of the Effort Sharing Regulation. While subsidiarity is suffiicently addressed, the proportionality aspects of the revision are not addressed by the IA. One general and three specific objectives, clearly deriving from the problem, were set up. Three policy options were identified and analysed in detail. The options (and their sub-options) were compared in terms of their potential to achieve the specific objectives, in particular, regarding their scope, environmental integrity, distribution of efforts (in terms of fairness and cost-efficiency) and flexibility offered. The options have been analysed mostly for their environmental, economic and administrative impacts. Stakeholder views are abundently used and transparently referenced throughout the analysis of impact. The IA is based on a solid knowledge base combining the use of qualitative and quantitiave methods.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

Carbon farming | Making agriculture fit for 2030 EN

30-11-2021 PE 695.482 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : Carbon farming refers to sequestering and storing carbon and/or reducing greenhouse gas emissions at farm level. It offers significant but uncertain mitigation potential in the EU, can deliver co-benefits to farmers and society, but also carries risks that need to be managed. The report identifies opportunities and constraints for carbon farming, options for financing, and open questions that need to be resolved to scale up carbon farming in a way that delivers robust climate mitigation and European Union Green Deal objectives.
Szerzők : Hugh McDonald, Ana Frelih-Larsen, Clunie Keenleyside, Anna Lóránt, Laurens Duin, Sarah Pyndt Andersen, Giulia Costa, Gabrielle Aubert, Nora Hiller

The COP26 climate change conference: status of climate negotiations and issues at stake EN

31-10-2021 PE 695.459 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : The 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) focuses on increasing ambition and implementing the Paris Agreement. This study provides an overview of the international framework to address climate change, the Parties and stakeholders involved, the status of the negotiations and recent developments that affected the international process. The COP26 is scheduled to take place in Glasgow from 31 October to 12 November 2021, after it was delayed a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At this conference, delegates will discuss the rules for the implementation of the Paris Agreement and address issues such as the adaptation to climate change and support to developing countries. In addition, the conference will provide an important opportunity for governments to commit to increased mitigation ambition and for civil society representatives to emphasise the need for urgent action.
Szerzők : Lorenz MOOSMANN, Anne SIEMONS, Felix FALLASCH, Lambert SCHNEIDER, Cristina URRUTIA, Nora WISSNER, Dietram OPPELT

The relation between different zoonotic pandemics and the livestock sector EN

30-09-2021 PE 695.456 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This study examines the zoonotic disease risks posed by the livestock sector (including fur production), reviews the risks posed by different livestock species and production systems, and examines case studies of past zoonotic disease epidemics. Building on this evidence, it reviews EU zoonosis surveillance and control arrangements. It recommends improvements including integration of human and animal disease surveillance services, expanded use of syndromic surveillance and changes to the funding of Member States’ zoonotic disease programmes under Regulation (EU) 652/2014.
Szerzők : Jeremy Brice, Rossella Soldi, Pablo Alarcon-Lopez, Javier Guitian, Julian Drewe, Daniela Baeza Breinbauer, Francisca Torres-Cortés, Katie Wheeler

Artificial intelligence act EN

26-07-2021 PE 694.212 ENVI LIBE JURI IMCO
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The Commission is proposing a new Artificial Intelligence Act laying down rules harmonised rules on AI. This initial appraisal of the Commission’s impact assessment on the proposal notes how the impact assessment the impact assessment banks on a wealth of available research on the topic at hand and uses numerous sources to underpin the discussion. It observes that the impact assessment offers a diverse and realistic range of options and traces a clear intervention logic connecting the problems and their drivers with the specific objectives and the policy options.
Szerzők : HUBERT DALLI

2030 climate target plan: review of Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Regulation EN

25-06-2021 PE 662.929 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : The proceedings summarise the expert presentations and discussions of the workshop on the extension of the Review of the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry Regulation. The workshop served to prepare the ENVI Committee for the upcoming legislative “Fit for 55” package of proposals, as part of the European Green Deal. The presentations focused on options for improving carbon sinks in the EU and strengthening the LULUCF Regulation. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Szerzők : Cristina, URRUTIA, Anke HEROLD and Sabine GORES

2030 climate target plan: extension of European Emission Trading System (ETS) to transport emissions EN

18-06-2021 PE 662.927 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : The proceedings summarize the expert presentations and discussions of the workshop on the extension of the EU ETS to transport emissions. The workshop served to prepare the ENVI Committee for the upcoming legislative “Fit for 55” package of proposals, as part of the European Green Deal. The presentations focused on options and implications of the future inclusion of road transport, shipping and aviation in the EU ETS. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Szerzők : Cristina URRUTIA, Jakob GRAICHEN, Anke HEROLD

Animal welfare on the farm - ex-post evaluation of the EU legislation: Prospects for animal welfare labelling at EU level - European Implementation Assessment EN

11-06-2021 PE 662.643 AGRI ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : The European Union (EU) has a long history of regulating the welfare of farmed animals. Currently, the 'on-farm' aspects of animal welfare (AW) are regulated by five directives adopted by the Council of the EU. The European Parliament is scrutinising the implementation of the EU legislation through a dedicated report (with the Agriculture and Rural Development Committee (AGRI) taking the lead and the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Committee (ENVI) giving its opinion). This European Implementation Assessment (EIA), aimed at providing evidence in support of the committees' work on the report, shows that the implementation of the EU acquis has been challenging. Based on a large data collection programme, it presents findings on the implementation of the EU legislation against the standard criteria for ex-post evaluation, namely relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, coherence and EU added value. The EIA also maps and assesses AW labelling systems operating across the EU in terms of their design (including their scientific substantiation), regulatory status and functioning (including their effectiveness, efficiency and transparency). Furthermore, the paper analyses the prospects for a possible introduction of AW labelling at EU level.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

Access to medicinal products EN

01-05-2021 PE 662.910 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : There are many factors that can prevent a patient from being able to obtain the medicine they need, ranging from selective marketing decisions by companies to products being too expensive or pharmacy stock-outs. Because of national differences in health systems and market characteristics, access to medicine is not evenly distributed across the European Union. In response to observed problems with access to medicine, in 2017 the European Parliament adopted a resolution containing 58 recommendations for action to the European Commission and Member States. This In-Depth Analysis reviews the main actions taken at the Union level since then that could improve access to medicine. It also includes illustrative examples of actions taken by Member States and other actors. The analysis concludes that the Commission has proposed or taken a combination of legislative and non-legislative actions with the potential to improve access to medicine in the Union and beyond, but that it will take time for the effects of these to become clear.
Szerzők : Thyra de Jongh, Lennart Velten, Lonneke Schrijver

Waste Shipment Regulation EN

08-04-2021 PE 662.629 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : The New Circular Economy Action Plan is one of the main building blocks of the European Green Deal. It sets initiatives along the entire lifecycle of products with the aim to ensure that the resources used for their production, including the waste generated, are kept in the EU economy for as long as possible. At the same time, the circular economy policy aims at protecting the environment and empowering the consumers. Waste shipment within and outside the EU has a crucial role in achieving the EU circular economy objectives. At EU level, the transboundary movements of waste are governed by Regulation (EC) 1013/2006 on shipments of waste (WSR). However, the current design and implementation of the regulation suffer from deficiencies and thus challenge the achievement of the EU circular economy objectives. This Implementation Appraisal looks at the practical implementation of the WSR in light of the Commission proposal for a revision of the regulation expected in the second quarter of 2021.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

First appraisal of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement by Policy Department A EN

Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : “Agreements concluded by the Union are binding upon the institutions of the Union and on its Member States.” (Article 216(2) TFEU). According to the Case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), International law takes precedence over (secondary) EU law: “It should also be pointed out that, by virtue of Article 216(2) TFEU, where international agreements are concluded by the European Union they are binding upon its institutions and, consequently, they prevail over acts of the European Union (see, to this effect, Case C‑61/94 Commission v Germany [1996] ECR I‑3989, paragraph 52; Case C‑311/04 Algemene Scheeps Agentuur Dordrecht [2006] ECR I‑609, paragraph 25; Case C‑308/06 Intertanko and Others [2008] ECR I‑4057, paragraph 42; and Joined Cases C‑402/05 P and C‑415/05 P Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission [2008] ECR I‑6351, paragraph 307)” . Arguably, acts adopted by bodies established by the EU-UK TCA could also enjoy primacy: “7 It follows [...] that decisions of the EEC-Turkey Association Council are measures adopted by a body provided for by the Agreement and empowered by the Contracting Parties to adopt such measures. 18 In so far as they implement the objectives set by the Agreement, such decisions are directly connected with the Agreement and, as a result of the second sentence of Article 22(1) thereof, have the effect of binding the Contracting Parties. 19 By virtue of the Agreement, the Contracting Parties agreed to be bound by such decisions and if those parties were to withdraw from that commitment, that would constitute a breach of the Agreement itself.
Szerzők : Andreas Huber at Al.

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - March 2021 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Policy Departments’ Monthly Highlights - February 2021 EN

Rövid áttekintés
Összefoglaló : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

EU policy on air quality: Implementation of selected EU legislation EN

18-01-2021 PE 654.216 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : Air pollution is a cross-border problem with direct negative effects on health and the environment. It also has indirect but tangible adverse effects on economies and societies. With the aim of securing good air quality status for its citizens and the environment, the EU has established a policy framework that employs legal regulation as the main policy instrument. This European implementation assessment (EIA) presents findings on the implementation of three major pieces of EU legislation on air quality, namely the two Ambient Air Quality Directives and the Industrial Emissions Directive, and makes recommendations for policy action. In addition, the research paper annexed to this EIA maps and assesses the local policies designed and implemented by 10 EU agglomerations with the aim of tackling air pollution from relevant sources, and, in particular, from road transport. It also makes recommendations for policy action, some of which are relevant to any other EU zone/agglomeration affected by air pollution exceedances, irrespective of specific local conditions. Furthermore, the research paper studies the effects of the first wave of pandemic lock-down measures implemented in the same 10 EU agglomerations and their effects on concentrations of certain air pollutants (particularly harmful for health), and, on this basis, outlines lessons that could be applied in future policy-making on air quality at all levels of governance.
Szerzők : Ekaterina KARAMFILOVA

Air pollution and COVID-19 EN

12-01-2021 PE 658.216 ENVI
Tanulmány
Összefoglaló : This study is about the effects of air pollution on health, notably COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc in many areas of the world. The infection spreads through person-to-person contact. Transmission and prognosis, once infected, are potentially influenced by many factors, including air pollution. Studies have suggested that air pollution increases the incidence and the severity of the disease. However, the current data are too limited to be certain. Especially the quantitative contribution of air pollution to the disease is still very uncertain.
Szerzők : Bert BRUNEKREEF et al.

The link between biodiversity loss and the increasing spread of zoonotic diseases EN

22-12-2020 PE 658.217 ENVI
Részletes elemzés
Összefoglaló : Over the last decades, a variety of fatal infectious diseases have had zoonotic origins. The linkages between hosts, vectors, parasites and pathogens can be influenced by a multitude of factors, such as biodiversity, wildlife and land use. High levels of biodiversity may be a potential source of pathogen transmission, but biodiversity loss can also promote transmission by increasing the number of competent hosts for a pathogen. Biodiversity conservation reduces the risk of zoonotic diseases when it provides additional habitats for species and reduces the potential contact between wildlife, livestock and humans. Additionally, host and vector management is a viable option. Other crucial measures include the restriction and sanitary control of wildlife trade, while considering the needs of indigenous peoples and local communities. Each case requires an assessment of the best way to reduce risk while considering implications for other ecosystem functions or services. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Szerzők : Frank VAN LANGEVELDE, Hugo René RIVERA MENDOZA, Kevin D. MATSON, Helen J. ESSER, Willem F. DE BOER, Stefan SCHINDLER

Webinar proceedings: Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic EN

15-12-2020 PE 658.213 ENVI
Briefing
Összefoglaló : This briefing summarises presentations delivered by the invited experts during a remote webinar on "Mental health" organised on 10 November 2020 by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the ENVI committee.
Szerzők : MATTEO CIUCCI