| ?e??p?? 250.000 ?????p?? ???e ????? st?? ????p? ß??s???ta? µp??st? se ????s? ep?ß?ßas?? se pt?se?? µe ae??p?????? eta??e?e? t?? ??. ? ????pa??? ?????t?ta ??e? p???? ?atast?se? a?st???te?? t? ??µ??es?a t?? 1991 p?? d??pe? t?? ap???µ??s? ?a? t? s??d??µ? p??? ep?ß?te? t?? ?at?????a? a?t??, se µ?a p??sp??e?a ?a ap?t???e? t?? eta??e?e? ap? t?? ?pe?ß????? p????? ?pe?????µe? ??at?se?? ??se??, a?a????????ta? ?µ?? ?t? ? p?a?t??? a?t? de? e??a? d??at?? ?a e?a?e?f?e? e?te???. ?? ????pa??? ?????ß????? ß????se ?a e?asfa??s?e? ?t? ?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? ?a ?p???e???ta? ep?s?? ?a ?????? pe??ss?te?a ??a t?? ??es? t?? ep?ßat?? p?? ß??s???ta? e??ata?e?µ???? se ae??d??µ?a ???? a????se?? ? p??????? ?a??ste??se?? se pt?se??.
? ??a ??µ??es?a p?? p??ß??peta? ?a te?e? se ?s?? t? Feß??????? t?? 2005 ????e? d?at??e?? p?? ?s????? se ???????? t?? ?? ?a? d??p??? t?? ap???µ??s? ?a? t?? pa???? ß???e?a? p??? t??? ep?ß?te? se t?e?? pe??pt?se??: "????s? ep?ß?ßas??" (? ?p??a p???a?e?ta? ?at? ????? ???? epe?d? ?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? p??ßa????? se ?pe?????µe? ??at?se?? ??se?? st?? pt?se?? t???), a????se?? pt?se?? ?a? µa???? ?a??ste??se?? pt?se??. ?? ??e? d?at??e?? ?a??pt??? t?? µ? p????aµµat?sµ??e? pt?se?? (ts??te?), s?µpe???aµßa??µ???? e?e???? p?? p?????ta? ?? tµ?µa ???a??µ???? d?a??p??, ?a??? ?a? t?? p????aµµat?sµ??e? pt?se??. ?p?p????, de? ?s????? µ??? ??a ep?ß?te? p?? a?a?????? ap? ae??d??µ?? t?? ????pa???? ???s??, a??? ?a? ??a e?e????? p?? µetaßa????? st?? ?????t?ta ap? ???a e?t?? ?? ???s?µ?p????ta? pt?s? ?????t???? ae??µetaf???a.
??e???t??? s?st?µata ??a ep?ß?te? p?? de? ?????ta? de?t?? st?? pt?se??
?p?d???eta? ?a µe???e? ? a???µ?? t?? ep?ßat?? p?? de? ?at???????? ?a ep?ß?ßast??? pa?? t? ????s? t???, µe t? ???s? µ?a? ??a? p??s????s?? p?? ßas??eta? st? e?a??et??? ep?t???µ??? st?? ???µ??e? ????te?e? "s?st?µa e?e???t??". ?ta? µ?a ae??p????? eta??e?a ?p??????e? ?t? ?a a????e? ep?ß?ßas? se ep?ß?te?, ?p???e??ta? ?ata???? ?a ape????e? ?????s? a?a??t??ta? e?e???t?? p?? ?a pa?a????s??? t? ??s? t??? ??a?t? ???µ?t?? ? ????? a?ta??a?µ?t?? p?? s?µf?????ta? µeta?? t?? ep?ß?t? ?a? t?? ae??p?????? eta??e?a?. ???a ?a? p??? ap? a?t? ta a?ta????µata, st??? e?e???t?? p??pe? ?a p??sf??eta? ? ep????? µeta?? t?? ep?st??f?? t?? p?????? ??st??? t?? e?s?t????? t??? (?a? pa????? e??? e?s?t????? ep?st??f?? st? p??t? s?µe?? a?a????s??) ? µ?a? e?a??a?t???? pt?s?? p??? t?? p?????sµ? t??? (p?? e??a? ???st? ?? "a?ad??µ?????s?"). ???? e?? ? a???µ?? t?? p????µ?p????µe??? e?e???t?? e??a? a?epa????, ?a ??e? ? ae??p????? eta??e?a t? d??a??µa ?a a????e? ep?ß?ßas? se ep?ß?te? pa?? t? ????s? t???. St?? pe??pt?s? a?t? p??pe? ?a d?se? p??te?a??t?ta st?? ep?ß?ßas? ??????µ????, at?µ?? µe e?d???? a????e? ?a? ?p????d?p?te s???d?? t???, ?a??? ?a? se as???de?ta pa?d??.
?p???µ??se?? ??a t??? µ? e?e???t??
?? ep?ß?te? ?? ?p???? de? ?at???????? ?a ep?ß?ßast??? st?? pt?s? pa?? t? ????s? t???, ?p?f????? pe??ss?te?? ap' ?,t? ?? e?e???t?? ?a? ?at? s???pe?a de? ?a p??pe? ?a e?a?t??ta? ap? ta a?ta????µata p?? e??a? d?ate?e?µ??? ?a p??sf??e? ? ae??p????? eta??e?a. ??t???t??, ?a d??a????ta? sta?e?? ???? ap???µ??s?? t? ?p??? ?a p??pe? ?a ap?t??pe? t?? eta??e?e? ap? t? ?a ep?d?d??ta? se p??a p????? ?pe?????µe? ??at?se??.
?ta? t? ????pa??? ?????ß????? ????se t?? d?ap?a?µate?se?? ??a t?? ??e? d?at??e?? µe t? s?µß????? ?p?????? sta t??? t?? 2001, e??e d?? ßas????? st?????: ?a e?a?µ???se? t?? ??µ??et??? p??tas? µe t?? p?a?µat???? a????e? t?? ep?ßat?? ?a? ?a ??f???? ?p??? ?? eµp?????? p?a?µat???t?te? t?? ?p??e? a?t?µet?p????? ?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e?. ?? fa???µe?? t?? ?pe?????µ?? ??at?se?? e??a? ad??at?? ?a e?a?e?f?e? ????????t???, d??t? ?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? ????? a????? ?a ßeßa?????ta? ?t? ta ae??s??f? t??? ep?t???????? ?s? t? d??at?? µe?a??te?? p????t?ta, p???e?µ???? ?a e??a? ?e?d?f??a. ?p?µ????, p??pe? ?a p??ß??p??? t?? a?aµe??µe?? a???µ? ep?ßat?? p?? de? p???e?ta? ?a pa???s?ast??? st?? ep?ß?ßas? ??a µ?a ded?µ??? pt?s? ?a? ?ts? ?a ap?d????ta? pe??ss?te?e? ??at?se?? ap' ?,t? e??a? ? ????t???t?ta t?? ae??s??f???. ??? de? ????? t? d??at?t?ta ?pe?????µ?? ??at?se??, ?a ß?e???? µe p??a p????? ?e??? ??se??, µe ap?t??esµa ta ?s?da ?a? ta ???d? t??? ?a µe?????? ?a? ?a a?a??ast??? ?a a???s??? t?? t?µ? t?? e?s?t?????.
?? ß???e?t?? e??a? t?? ?p??? ?t? t? ???? t?? p???a? ap???µ??s?? p?? e??e a????? ???se? ? ?p?t??p? (st? d?p??s?? t?? t?µ?? t?? µ?s?? e?s?t????? "business class" ??a t?? e?d?e???pa???? pt?se??) ?a ap?te???se p??? µe???? ep?ß????s? ??a t?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? ?? ?p??e? ?d? ß??s???ta? se d?s???? ??s? µet? t?? ep???se?? t?? 11?? Septeµß???? st?? ???µ??e? ????te?e?. ?? p??te???µe?e? ap???µ??se?? ?ta? 750 e??? ??a pt?se?? ??t? t?? 3500 ???. ?a? 1500 e??? ??a pt?se?? ??? t?? 3500 ???. ?? ?????ß????? ?pe?se t? S?µß????? ?a µe??se? t? ???? t?? ap???µ??se?? ?a? ?a ?a??e??se? s?st?µa ap???µ??se?? t???? ?????, t? ?p??? s?µf??e? pe??ss?te?? µe t?? p?a?µat???t?ta t?? e???pa???? pt?se??: 250 e??? ??a pt?se?? ??t? t?? 1500 ???., 400 e??? ??a e?d??????t???? pt?se?? ??? t?? 1500 ???. ?a? ??a ??e? t?? ???e? pt?se?? µeta?? 1500 ???. ?a? 3500 ???. ?a? 600 e??? ??a ??e? t?? ???e? pt?se??. ??p??eta? ?t? ? ap???µ??s? sta ep?peda a?t? ?a ???se? t?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? ?a ?p????????? p?? p??se?t??? ta pe??????a ?pe?????µ?? ??at?se?? t??? ????? ?a ??te? se ???d??? t?? ?e?d?f???a t???. ?? ?????ß????? ?at????se ep?s?? ?a e?asfa??se? ?t? ?? ?a???e? ?a te???? se ?s?? 9 µ??e? a???te?a ap? ta a?????? p??ta???ta, p??sf????ta? ?ts? st?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? pe??ss?te?? ????? p??sa?µ????.
?? ep?ß?te? ?? ?p???? de? ?????ta? de?t?? p??? ep?ß?ßas? pa?? t? ????s? t???, ??? µ??? p??pe? ?a ap???µ?????? µe a?t? t? p???? ???? a??? - ?p?? ?? e?e???t?? - p??pe? ep?s?? ?a ??????? ?a ep??????? µeta?? t?? ep?st??f?? t?? t?µ?? t?? e?s?t????? s?? t? ae??p????? e?s?t???? ep?st??f?? st? s?µe?? p??t?? a?a????s?? ? t?? a?ad??µ?????s??. Ost?s?, e?? e??a? d??at?? ?a p??sfe????? st??? ep?ß?te? e?a??a?t???? pt?se?? p?? t??? ep?t??p??? ?a f??s??? st?? p?????sµ? t??? se µ?a ??????? st??µ? p?? de? ap??e? p??? ap? t? a????? t??? ?????d????aµµa, t? ???? t?? ap???µ??s?? e??a? d??at?? ?a µe???e?.
?????, ?? ta??d??te? d??a????ta? "s??d??µ?" ?p? t? µ??f? ?e?µ?t?? ?a? a?a???t????, d?? d??e?? t??ef?????? ???se??, fa? ? µ???µ?t?? ??e?t??????? ta??d??µe???, ?a??? ?a? st??as?? se ?e??d??e?? ?a? µetaf???? µeta?? ae??d??µ??? ?a? ?e??d??e???, e?? apa?te?ta? d?a???t??e?s?.
??? ?a ?????? ????te?? ?d?????? ?? a????se??
?? a????se?? pt?se?? e??a? µ?a a??µ? d?s??est? ??p???? p?? pe??µ??e? µe????? f???? ?s??? ta??de???? ae??p??????. ??se? t?? ??a? ??µ??es?a?, ?? ep?ß?te? t?? ?p???? ?? pt?se?? ????? a?????e? ??a eµp??????? ?????? d??a????ta? ep?st??f? e?s?t????? ? a?ad??µ?????s? ?a? ta?t?????a ap???µ??s? se ?e????? ??aµµ?? µe t??? ?d???? ????? p?? ?s????? st?? pe??pt?s? t?? ????s?? ep?ß?ßas??. Ost?s?, de? p??ß??peta? ap???µ??s? e?? ? a????s? ?fe??eta? se a?ap?fe??te? s?????e? ?p?? p???t??? ast??e?a, ?a??? µete?????????? s?????e? ? ap??sd???ta p??ß??µata asfa?e?a?. ?p?s??, de? ?s??e? ap???µ??s? e?? ?? ep?ß?te? e?d?p?????ta? ??a t?? a????s? d?? eßd?µ?de? ????te?a ? a? t??? p??sf????ta? e?a??a?t???? pt?se??.
? ?p?t??p? a????? e??e p??te??e? ta d??a??µata t?? ep?ßat?? se ep?st??f? e??d?? ? a?ad??µ?????s? ?a ?s????? µ??? ??a t?? pe??pt?se?? ?p?? ?? pt?se?? a???????ta? ??a eµp??????? ??????. ?? ?????ß????? ???a?e t? ??µ??es?a µe ap?t??esµa ?t?, a?e???t?ta ap? t? ???? t?? a????s??, ?? ta??d??te? d??a????ta? ep?st??f? e??d?? ? a?ad??µ?????s?, ?a??? ?a? ?e?µata, a?a???t??? ?a? ???? s??d??µ?.
??a???f?s? t?? a????a? t?? ?a??ste??se??
? ??a ??µ??es?a a?t?µet?p??e? ?a? t?? te?e?ta?a p???? t?? ae??p?????? ta??d???, d??ad? t?? ?a??ste??µ??e? pt?se??. ?? ß???e?t?? a?a?????sa? ?t? ?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? s?????? de? e??a? ?pe????e? ??a t?? ?a??ste??se??, ?? ?p??e? se ?e????? ??aµµ?? p???a????ta? ap? p??ß??µata st?? ??e??? t?? e?a???a? ?????f???a? ?a? ???a ap??ß?epta. ???a? ?µ?? t?? ?p??? ?t? ?? ep?ß?te? p??pe? ?a ????? t?? a?????? f???t?da e?? a?a??ast??? ?a ?p?st??? µa???????? a?aµ??? sta ae??d??µ?a ?ta? ?? pt?se?? t??? ?a??ste????. ???? st?? p??sp??e?e? t?? ß???e?t?? t?? ?????ß??????, ? ??µ??es?a pe???aµß??e? d?at??e?? p?? ?esµ??et??? t? d??a??µa t?? ep?ßat?? se ?e?µata, a?a???t???, t??ef?????? ???se??, a??µ? ?a? st??as? se ?e??d??e?? se ???sµ??e? pe??pt?se??, se pe??pt?s? ?a??ste??se?? p?? d?a????? pe??ss?te?? ap? d?? ??e?, a?????a µe t?? ap?stas? t?? pt?s??. ?a? ?ta? ? ?a??st???s? e??a? t??????st?? 5 ??e?, ep?st??feta? st??? ep?ß?te? t? p???e? ??st?? t?? e?s?t????? t??? ?a?, e?? a?µ??e?, d??a????ta? ae??p????? µetaf??? st? a????? s?µe?? a?a????s?? t? ta??te?? d??at?.
S?µß?ßasµ?? t?? ep??e???µat???? a?a???? µe t?? p??stas?a t?? ?ata?a??t??
S???????, ? ???? ??µ?? ep??e??e? ?a ß?e? t? ???s? t?µ?, ?ste ?a? ?? ae??p?????? eta??e?e? ?a µp????? ?a ?e?t??????? se ??a a?ta????st??? pe??ß????? a??? ?a? ?a e?asfa???eta? p???t??? e??p???t?s? ??a t??? ep?ß?te? ?a? ap???µ??s? t??? ??a ?p??ad?p?te ta?a?p???a ? e?????s? p??????e? ap? t?? µ? pa???? t?? ?p??es???. ?p?s??, ?? ß???e?t?? ap?spasa? d?sµe?s? ap? t?? ?p?t??p? ?t? st? µ????? ?a p??te??e? pa??µ??a µ?t?a ??a ?????? t??p??? µetaf???? ep?ßat??, ?p?? ?? s?d???d??µ???? ?a? ?? ?a??ss?e? µetaf????.
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