REPORT on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area
(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))  Part 1: Legislative Proposal - Amendments 1-159  Part 2: Legislative proposal - Amendments 160-319
Draft legislative resolution
Explanatory Statement  Part 3: Opinions of other committees  Part 4: Opinions of other committees   

26 October 2001 - ***I

Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy
Rapporteur: Gérard Caudron


Procedure : 2001/0053(COD)
Document stages in plenary
Document selected :  
A5-0376/2001
Texts tabled :
A5-0376/2001
Debates :
Votes :
Texts adopted :

PROCEDURAL PAGE

By letter of 26 February 2001 the Commission submitted to Parliament, pursuant to Article 251(2) and Article 166(1) of the EC Treaty, the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area (COM(2001) 94 – 2001/0053(COD)).

At the sitting of 12 March 2001 the President of Parliament announced that she had referred this proposal to the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy as the committee responsible and the Committee on Budgets and all committees concerned for their opinions (C5-0087/2001).

The Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy had appointed Gérard Caudron rapporteur at its meeting of 9 January 2001.

It considered the Commission proposal and draft report at its meetings of 26 March, 23 April, 28 May, 26 June, 10 July, 27 August, 2 October, 10 October, 16 October and 22 October 2001.

At the last meeting it adopted the draft legislative resolution by 36 votes to 11, with 2 abstentions.

The following were present for the vote: Carlos Westendorp y Cabeza, chairman; Nuala Ahern, vice-chairman; Gérard Caudron, rapporteur; Gordon J. Adam (for Anders Wijkman), Konstantinos Alyssandrakis, Guido Bodrato, Massimo Carraro, Giles Bryan Chichester, Nicholas Clegg, Harlem Désir, Concepció Ferrer, Francesco Fiori (for Umberto Scapagnini), Colette Flesch, Christos Folias, Glyn Ford, Norbert Glante, Lisbeth Grönfeldt Bergman (for Marjo Matikainen-Kallström), Michel Hansenne, Malcolm Harbour (for Godelieve Quisthoudt-Rowohl), Hans Karlsson, Hans Kronberger(for Daniela Raschhofer, pursuant to Rule 153(2)), Helmut Kuhne( for Elena Valenciano Martínez-Orozco), Bernd Lange (for François Zimeray), Peter Liese (for Dominique Vlasto), Rolf Linkohr, Caroline Lucas, Eryl Margaret McNally, Nelly Maes, Angelika Niebler, Giuseppe Nisticò (for Roger Helmer), Reino Kalervo Paasilinna, Yves Piétrasanta, Elly Plooij-van Gorsel, Samuli Pohjamo (for Willy C.E.H. De Clercq), Bernd Posselt (for Renato Brunetta, pursuant to Rule 153(2)), John Purvis, Bernhard Rapkay (for Mechtild Rothe), Imelda Mary Read, Christian Foldberg Rovsing, Paul Rübig, Ilka Schröder, Konrad K. Schwaiger, Esko Olavi Seppänen, Astrid Thors, Antonios Trakatellis (for Peter Michael Mombaur), W.G. van Velzen, Alejo Vidal-Quadras Roca, Myrsini Zorba and Olga Zrihen Zaari.

The legislative Proposal - Amendments 160-320, the Draft legislative resolution, the Explanatory Statement and the opinions of the Committee on Budgets, the Committee on Citizen’s Freedom and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy, the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, the Committee on Fisheries, the Committee on Regional Policy, Transport and Tourism, the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport, and the Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities are published separately (part 2, 3 and 4 - A5-0376/2001).

The report was tabled on 26 October 2001.

The deadline for tabling amendments will be indicated in the draft agenda for the relevant part-session.

LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL

Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area (COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

The proposal is amended as follows:

Text proposed by the Commission [1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Title

Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area

Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the sixth multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area

Justification.

The framework programme now being proposed will be the sixth of its kind. It is therefore logical to call it by that name, which, moreover, will serve to denote the growing fund of knowledge and experience that the Community has been acquiring in the research sphere

Amendment 2
Recital -1 (new)
 

(-1) Article 2 of the Treaty gives the Community the overall objective of sustainable development.

Justification

The objective of sustainable development needs to be the overarching reference for the research framework programme.

Amendment 3
Recital 5

(5)   The European Councils in Lisbon in March 2000 and Santa Maria de Feira in June 2000 adopted conclusions aimed at the rapid establishment of a European research and innovation area with a view to job creation and economic growth.

(5)   The European Councils in Lisbon in March 2000 and Santa Maria de Feira in June 2000 adopted conclusions aimed at the rapid establishment of a European research and innovation area with a view to job creation and economic growth so as to enable the Union, within the next ten years, to become the world’s most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy.

Justification

The time-frame laid down by the Lisbon conclusions is a short one. This report should highlight the importance of what is at stake because the ultimate goal to be attained is also the reason why research must now be elevated to the forefront of the key European policy areas.

Amendment 4
Recital 8

(8)   It is therefore necessary to adopt a framework programme for the period 2002-2006 capable of exercising a structuring effect on research and technological development in Europe and making a significant contribution to bringing about the European Research Area.

(8)   It is therefore necessary to adopt a framework programme for the period 2002-2006 capable of exercising a structuring effect on research and technological development in the European Union and the applicant countries and making a significant contribution to bringing about the European Research Area.

Justification

With a view to the next enlargement of the European Union, a uniformly structured European Research Area needs to be created. It is therefore important to refer expressly to the applicant countries in this connection.

Amendment 5
Recital 10a (new)
 

(10a)   Within the framework of security policy, efforts should be made to reduce and possibly eliminate the risks resulting from weapons of mass destruction stored and awaiting destruction in the former Soviet Union. The Commission is called upon to propose an appropriate initiative to Parliament and the Council;

Justification

This measure contributes towards combating international terrorism, as there is a high risk that such weapons could get into the hands of unscrupulous murderers.

Amendment 6
Recital 11

(11)   Research activities carried out within the framework programme should respect fundamental ethical principles, notably those which appear in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

(11)   Research activities carried out within the framework programme must respect fundamental ethical principles, notably those which appear in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as well as the principles contained in the Protocol on animal welfare agreed at Amsterdam and annexed to the Treaty. No research shall be undertaken into weapons.

Justification

The Protocol on animal welfare agreed at Amsterdam and annexed to the Treaty places an obligation on the Commission and Council to pay full regard to the welfare of animals when formulating and implementing research policies. It is inappropriate for ethical reasons that the limited funds of the Framework programme should be used for weapons research or for research to bolster the defence capacities of individual Member States. Research activities in general must necessarily be consistent with fundamental ethical principles.

Amendment 7
Recital 11a (new)
 

(11a)   Respect for the individual is a fundamental principle of Western medical ethics, and the right to life of all human beings.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 8
Recital 11b (new)
 

(11b)   With a view to the successful creation of the European Research Area, it is necessary to promote full mobility for researchers (at a regional level, between Member States, between sectors, from the public to the private system and vice versa); the European Union undertakes to eliminate the bureaucratic, cultural, economic and legislative constraints still standing in the way of the best use of our human research capital; the European Union also undertakes to prepare all the instruments and incentives needed to bring about (or facilitate) the return of European researchers who have temporarily emigrated outside the European Union.

Justification

For the creation of a European Research Area, economic development, competition and the completion of the single market it is essential for researchers to be able to be mobile; existing obstacles therefore need to be eliminated through coordinated European action.

Amendment 9
Recital 12

(12)   Following the Commission Communication "Women and Science" and the Resolutions of the Council and the European Parliament on this theme, an action plan is being implemented in order to reinforce and increase the place and role of women in science and research.

(12)   Following the Commission Communication "Women and Science" and the Resolutions of the Council and the European Parliament on this theme, an action plan is being implemented in order to reinforce and increase the place and role of women in science and research and further enhanced action is needed.

Justification

Research shows that the actions to date, although welcome, have been inadequate in improving access to research for women, either as scientists or as users of the research. More work is needed in this area and also in the study of women and science.

Amendment 10
Recital 12a (new)
 

(12a)   The Commission should conduct information events and seminars in order to familiarise researchers from the applicant countries with the instruments, procedures and conditions relating to the 6th multiannual research framework programme;

Justification

The above measures are intended to enable the applicant countries to be integrated successfully and without difficulties into the European Research Area.

Amendment 11
Recital 13

(13) The Commission should submit regular progress reports on the implementation of the framework programme for 2002‑2006 and, in good time and before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme, have an independent assessment carried out of the implementation of the activities undertaken,

(13) The Commission must submit regular progress reports on the implementation of the 6th framework programme for 2002‑2006 and, in good time and before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme, have an independent assessment carried out of the implementation of the activities undertaken; the independent assessment should summarise the contribution which the various activities carried out under the framework programme have made to the completion of the Community’s tasks as set out in Article 2 of the Treaty.

Justification

The assessment of the 6th Framework Programme must not be a purely academic exercise. It must draw practical conclusions in the context of the tasks set out in Article 2 of the Treaty. The Commission must submit to Parliament the report on the research results and developments concerned.

Amendment 12
Recital 13a (new)
 

(13a)   Encouragement of basic research is a priority objective of the framework programme.

Justification

The importance of basic research should be clearly spelt out.

Amendment 13
Recital 13b (new)
 

(13b)   The European Parliament shall monitor the implementation of the Sixth Framework Programme and shall communicate its findings to the Council and Commission.

Justification

Although the implementation of the Framework programmes is entirely the role of the Executive (Commission), Parliament has a scrutiny role which must be taken seriously.

Amendment 14
Recital 13c (new)
 

(13c)   Whereas the multiannual framework programme should be compatible with the current ceiling of heading 3 without restricting other policies.

Justification:

.The amount proposed for the multiannual programme should be compatible with the ceiling under the financial perspective. If, in the course of the adoption of the decision, other amounts were to be proposed by the legislative authority, the budgetary authority would need to be consulted again. In this case, the Committee on Budgets would consider the impact on the ceiling under the current financial perspective. Similarly, if during the multiannual framework programme the evolution of the ceiling of the financial perspective were to change dramatically, the budgetary authority would have to reconsider the financial envelope..

Amendment 15
Recital 13d (new)
 

(13d)   With a view to planning for future framework programmes for research, technological development, and demonstration activities, and for any other policy instrument related to the European Research Area, preparations must begin forthwith to enable measures to be taken to make good the democratic deficit in various sectors of European research policy, and European citizens extensively involved in the discussions and decisions.

Justification

The diverse nature of the stipulations laid down in the different Treaties has led to procedural disparities, adversely affecting parliamentary control over, and hence the involvement of citizens in, various sectors of European research policy. The transition from the sixth to the seventh framework programme will allow sufficient time to remedy this democratic deficit.

Amendment 16
Recital 13e (new)
 

(13e)   When determining the main thematic areas for future framework programmes, in addition to furnishing Parliament with a detailed report on implementation of the previous framework programme, the Commission must first notify Parliament and the Council of the criteria it intends to use to set priorities for the framework programme.

Justification

The European Parliament and the Council should be informed of the results of the previous framework programme and should also be involved in setting the priorities for the framework programme.

Amendment 17
Recital 13f (new)
 

(13 f) Information and consultation measures must be implemented with a view to ensuring that European Union citizens are increasingly involved in decisions relating to framework programme themes, particularly those concerning the environment, food and research into health and medicines.

Justification

The Union must make citizens more aware of its efforts in framework programme action areas in which the need for regulation is felt to be most urgent, such as the environment, food safety and pharmaceutical research.

Amendment 18
Article 1, paragraph 2

2.   The framework programme 2000-2006 shall comprise all Community activities envisaged in Article 164 of the Treaty.

2.   The framework document 2000-2006 shall comprise all Community activities envisaged in Article 163(2) and Article 164 of the Treaty.

Justification

The Commission proposal makes no reference to a strategy designed to include all bodies with R&D potential that will involve Community investment in all the Member States, including the outermost or less developed regions, an objective which must be met if a European research area is to be created.

Amendment 19
Article 2, paragraph 1 and paragraph 1a (new)

1.   The maximum overall amount for Community financial participation in the entire framework programme 2002-2006 shall be EUR 16.270 billion: the proportion assigned to each of the activities is fixed in Annex II.

1.   The maximum overall amount for Community financial participation in the entire framework programme 2002-2006 shall be EUR 16.270 billion, where at least 15% of the budget is assigned to SMEs. The proportion assigned to each of the activities is fixed in Annex II.

 

1a.   The SME´s must be represented for at least 15% in the integrated research priorities in the 6th Framework Programme.

Justification

Experience with the fifth framework programme has shown how important is participation by SMEs in research efforts. SMEs must, therefore, be able to play a full part in research efforts in all eight areas of the integrated research priorities of the 6th framework programme. A minimum percentage of 15% is necessary.

Amendment 20
Article 2, paragraph 1b (new)
 

1b.   The Commission shall present a programming report on all the activities to be financed under heading 3 each year so as to ensure that the multiannual framework programme is compatible with the ceiling under heading 3 of the financial perspective. This report shall be made available every year by 30 June.

Justification:

The budgetary authority should have a clear idea of the financial impact of the multiannual framework programme on other activities in heading 3. Consequently, the Commission should present a programming report on all activities that are to be financed under heading 3 each year.

Amendment 21
Article 2, paragraph 2a (new)
 

2a Each specific programme shall have its own budget line under heading 3 of the general budget so as to ensure the follow-up of the financial implementation and guarantee a better flow of information between the Commission and the budgetary authority on the activities financed under the framework programme.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that the reduction of thematic priorities and their concentration under one heading may cause a risk to the transparency and accountability of these projects. To ensure the monitoring of these activities, it is necessary to set up a separate budget line for each specific programme.

Amendment 22
Article 3

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles.

1.   All research activities conducted under the sixth framework programme must be carried out with due regard for fundamental ethical principles, including:

 

-   the principles set out in the Charter of fundamental rights of the EU and the relevant international conventions such as the Declaration of Helsinki adopted in Edinburgh in October 2000, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine signed in Oviedo on 4 April 1997 and the Additional Protocol on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings signed in Paris on 12 January 1998, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights adopted by UNESCO, and the relevant World Health Organisation (WHO) resolutions,

 

1a.   The following fields of research shall not be financed under this framework programme:

 

-   research activity aiming at human cloning for reproductive purposes;

 

-   creation of embryos for research purposes

 

-   research activity intended to modify the genetic heritage of human beings which could make such changes hereditary and is intended for eugenic purposes and not aiming of finding cures or therapy of specific diseases;

 

1b.   Research on the use of human stem cells can be financed depending both on the contents of the scientific proposal and the legal framework of the Member State(s) involved; there is no restriction on financing research using adult stem cells, reprogrammed adult cells and stem cell lines already existing in scientific laboratories. In addition, research on embryo or fetal stem cells deriving from spontaneous or therapeutic abortion is funded.

 

1c.   Research on 'supernumerary' human embryos (embryos created for the treatment of infertility so as to increase the success rate of IVF but no longer needed for that purpose) can be funded provided that such research is legally permitted in the Member State(s) where it will be conducted under the rules of the competent authority/ies).

 

1d.   Research promoting the understanding of legal, ethical and social implications of the new knowledge in the field of human genetics should also be financed.

Justification

The framework programme now being proposed will be the sixth of its kind. This amendment represents a reasonable balance between the necessary ethical restraints and the urgent need to meet some of mankind's most serious health problems.

Amendment 23
Article 3, paragraph 1e (new)
 

1e.   The multiannual framework programme shall provide financial support to cooperation with Central and Eastern European researchers and supply information to the applicant countries on potential research opportunities.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that the Commission’s proposal should be complemented with a further emphasis on gender equality, food safety, SMEs, cooperation with candidate countries, as well as research on renewable sources of energy and the development of energy efficient technologies.

Amendment 24
Article 3a (new)
 

The framework programme shall be based on the obligation contained in Article 6 of the Amsterdam Treaty and on the Göteborg European Council conclusions on sustainability.

Justification

The environmental integration and sustainability principles must be applied in every field.

Amendment 25
Article 4

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 173 of the Treaty.

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 173 of the Treaty. In addition, the Commission shall lay down performance indicators and qualitative evaluation criteria, monitor achievement of results, and have an evaluation carried out by independent high-level experts of the activities funded by the Community under this programme in the third year (mid-term evaluation). The evaluations shall particularly assess the impact achieved and the efficiency of the use of resources. The evaluations shall also assess whether the activities implemented under this programme are consistent with and complement those measures and actions taken under other related Community programmes. At the latest 40 months after the entry into force of the Decision, the Commission shall submit a mid-term report evaluating the achievement of results to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. The mid-term evaluation report shall be used as a basis for possible modifications, such as the changing of priorities for the remainder of the programme.

Justification

Given the enormous speed of scientific developments, there may already be a need after three years to adjust the programme and its priorities to new developments and/or needs. Paragraph 1 also requires the Commission to lay down beforehand performance as well as qualitative evaluation criteria which are necessary for the selection and the evaluation of the various activities provided for under the programme. A mid-term evaluation is also provided for in the Commission proposal for a decision adopting a programme of Community action in the field of public health (2001-2006) [see COM(2000) 285, Article 11 and Amendment 77 adopted by Parliament at first reading (A5-0104/2001)].

Amendment 26
Article 4, paragraph 1a (new)
 

1a.   IST programmes, citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society and research infrastructures should be managed by the Directorate-General for Enterprise and the Information Society.

Justification

In order to ensure that the various IST programmes are implemented efficiently, the various IST activities should be integrated under the framework programme.

Amendment 27
Article 4, paragraph 1b (new)
 

The Commission shall present a report on the financial implementation of the specific programmes every twelve months. In addition, it shall provide prior information to the budgetary authority whenever it intends to depart from the breakdown of expenditure stated in the remarks and annex of the annual budget.

Justification:

To improve the financial monitoring of Community financed research activities, the rapporteur considers that the Commission should inform the budgetary authority on the implementation of specific programmes on a regular basis and provide prior information whenever it intends to depart from the breakdown of expenditure stated in the general budget.

Amendment 28
Article 4, paragraph 1c (new)
 

Administrative procedures should be simplified and standardised to enable research applications to all Directorates-General to be dealt with more efficiently with regard to the whole of the sixth framework programme.

Justification

Administrative procedures vary too widely and are often unclear, leading to inefficiency on the part of applicants and the Commission.

Amendment 29
Article 5

Before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme, the Commission shall have an assessment carried out by independent high-level experts of the implementation of Community activities during the five years preceding that assessment. The Commission shall communicate the conclusions thereof, accompanied by its observations to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the regions.

Before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme, the Commission shall have an assessment carried out by independent high-level experts of the implementation of Community activities during the five years preceding that assessment. The Commission shall communicate the conclusions thereof, accompanied by its observations to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the regions. The European Parliament shall monitor the implementation of the Sixth Framework Programme and shall communicate its findings to the Council and Commission.

Justification

Although the implementation of the Framework programmes is entirely the role of the Executive (Commission), Parliament has a scrutiny role which must be taken seriously.

Amendment 30
Annex I, Introduction part, STRUCTURE OF THE 6TH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME (new)
 

STRUCTURE OF THE 6TH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

 

This part of the Framework Programme is structured as follows:

 

1.1.   1 Life sciences for health and safety

 

1.1.   1a Genomics and biotechnology for global health and welfare

 

1.1.   1b The major diseases

 

1.1.   2 Information Society Technologies

 

1.1.   3 Nanotechnologies and new processes of production of advanced materials

 

1.1.   4 Aeronautics and space

 

1.1.   5 Food quality, safety and health risks and health improvement

 

1.1.   6 Energy, sustainable development, biodiversity and global change

 

1.1.   6a Energy

 

1.1.   6b Sustainable Development and Global Change

 

1.1.   6c Transport

 

1.1.   7 Citizens, democracy, social and political institutions

 

1.1.   8 Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 31
Annex I, Introductory part, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   strengthening the scientific and technological bases of Community industry;

-   strengthening the scientific and technological bases of EU Member States at the level of universities, public research centres and industries

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 32
Annex 1, introductory part, paragraph 1a (new)
 

Moreover, activities under the framework programme will aim at enhancing and developing further our knowledge and understanding of nature and society

Justification

The basic objectives of research should not be left out of the 6th framework programme

Amendment 33
Annex 1, introductory part, paragraph 4, indent 1

–   in a limited number of priority thematic areas exclusively by means of strongly integrating and powerful instruments: networks of excellence, integrated projects and EU participation in national research programmes implemented jointly pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty;

–   in a limited number of priority thematic areas flexibly and methodically by means of strongly integrating and powerful instruments: networks of excellence, integrated projects, the ‘stairway of excellence’ instrument, and EU participation in national research programmes implemented jointly pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty and the setting up of joint undertakings pursuant to Article 171 of the Treaty (159). It should be possible to implement the new participation instruments concurrently with the participation instruments available under previous framework programmes (partnership projects, concerted actions), with the aim of making the implementation of the framework programme more flexible.

Justification

The sixth framework programme is a key instrument for implementing RTD actions in a wide variety of thematic areas and with the aim of increasing participation by all actors concerned with R&D in the European Union. In this connection, it is important to bear in mind that the instruments traditionally used by the framework programme (RTD, concerted actions, ) have proved their value on many occasions. Accordingly, and although new instruments may be introduced, on an experimental basis and subject to assessment, to tackle needs which may not be properly covered at present, the sixth framework programme should maintain and use the current instruments under the fifth programme as a matter of priority.

Amendment 34
Annex 1, introductory part, paragraph 4, indent 3

-   in the field of science and technology as a whole in the case of complementary research activities for SMEs.

-   in the field of science and technology as a whole, in particular in the case of complementary research and innovation activities for SMEs, as well as for very small firms (micro-undertakings) and craft firms.

Justification

New instruments should be promoted gradually during the sixth framework programme. On the one hand, it is necessary to check that new instruments are effective and work properly in order to avoid delays in the programme’s administration, and on the other hand those who have not yet reached the required levels of excellence should have instruments available to them which can guide them towards that objective. The participation of very small firms (micro-undertakings) and craft firms must be guaranteed. Besides their considerable overall numbers – more than 92% of firms have less than 10 employees – these firms have a largely unexploited potential for innovation, are involved in research and play a vital role in the application of the results of research. This field should not be limited to SMEs only

Amendment 35
Annex I, introductory part, paragraph 5, indent 1, subindent 3

-   -   of participation of third country researchers and organisations in projects and networks in areas of particular interest to those countries.

Does not apply to English version

Justification

[Translator’s note: The German amendment seeks to include the feminine as well as the masculine form of the word ‘researcher’ in order to make the language of the Decision gender-neutral.]

Amendment 36
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1 Priority thematic areas of research, paragraph 1a (new)
 

The integrated research programme will comprise one comprehensive programme made up of eight distinct subsections. There is one single programme Committee, which meets in different composition corresponding to each of the subsections.

 

Each subsection has its own coordination/management structure as well as its own expert advisory group and budget chapter.

 

The EP will be currently informed about the proceedings of the single programme committee and expert advisory groups and through annual programme implementation reports.

Justification

This clarifies the Commission proposal, with the emphasis on the particular subsections having their own management, coordination structure, advisory committees and budget lines. Taking as the basis one integrated research programme ensures coherence, whilst having clearly distinct sections with their own budget lines ensures the specific nature of each of the sections.

Amendment 37
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1, paragraph 1b (new)
 

An interdisciplinary and a problem-oriented approach are regarded as important principles applying to research activities worthy of support.

Justification

Integrating all research activities into a limited number of very specific areas poses the risk that forward-looking, cross-disciplinary research may no longer receive adequate support.

Amendment 38
Annex 1, chapter 1.1, indent 2a (new)
 

-   Emphasis should be placed on the fact that innovation often originates at the interface between different scientific disciplines.

Justification

In future new employment opportunities may arise particularly in the fields of biotechnology and ICT. Research in the areas of human and social sciences continues to be needed in the European Union given its increasing diversity of cultures.

Amendment 39
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1, Title

Genomics and biotechnology

Life sciences for health and safety

Justification

Self justifying.

Amendment 40
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a, sub Title (new)
 

1.1.1a.   Genomics and biotechnology for global health and welfare

Justification

Self justifying.

Amendment 41
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a, Objective, paragraph 1 a and b (new)
 

During the implementation of this programme and in the research activities arising from it, fundamental ethical principles are to be respected, including the following: protection of human dignity, data and privacy, as well as animals and the environment in accordance with Community and international conventions and codes of conduct, e.g. the Helsinki Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights adopted by Unesco.

 

The Union must support stem cell research and projects which respect the guidelines drawn up by the ESF ethical committee. Under those guidelines, cloning experiments for reproductive purposes are prohibited.

Justification

All research on the human genome should respect fundamental ethical principles. Stem cell research is regarded as having great medical potential. Treatments can be made possible, thanks to stem cell research, for degenerative diseases such as diabetes or Parkinson’s disease, and it is thought that such new treatments could be accessible in the near future. However, it is important that we make progress at the same time with work on stem cells from embryos, from certain tissues at the birth stage and from adults. Exchange of cell nuclei for the production of stem cells can also have a decisive effect.

Amendment 42
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph -1a (new)
 

Advances in biotechnological and post-genomic research will entail ethical and social implications. These issues can be resolved only by a joint effort. National solutions are not possible in a Europe of open frontiers.

Justification

Research in the above fields poses numerous ethical and social problems. To enable the European Research Area to come into being they must be dealt with together.

Amendment 43
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1

"Post-genomic" research based on analysis of the human genome and genomes of model (animal, plant and microbial) organisms, will culminate in numerous applications in various sectors, and notably in the development of new diagnostic tools and new treatments capable of helping to combat diseases that are not at present under control, offering major potential markets.

Progress in the field of genomics and biotechnology may yield numerous new applications both in medicine and in the fields of environmental protection and agriculture, as a result of which hitherto unsolved problems can be overcome.

Justification

Genomics and biotechnology should be retained as a priority, but not confined to health. Positive applications exist elsewhere too (see for example the opinion by Mr Sjöstedt on the future of the biotechnology industry). This amendment is intended to make it clear that the possible benefits of genomics and biotechnology are not confined to medicine but also extend to the fields of environmental protection and agriculture. It should also be made clear that the main concern is solutions for problems which people face rather than potential markets.

Amendment 44
ANNEX 1, Section 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1a (new)
 

Europe also needs to be able to play a leading role in research on these issues, which now arise at world level, as well as a coherent contribution to the international debate on them, based on the most precise and complete knowledge.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 45
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), paragraph 1b (new)
 

Genomic research coordinated at European level, particularly in the agriculture and agrifoodstuffs sectors, should focus on those areas where it can achieve the greatest impact, should be able to unleash all existing potential in close cooperation with national initiatives, provide as much information as possible for scientists and the general public and should be flexible in duration, but with firm and realistic objectives.

Justification

This is in line with the rapporteur's amendments which extend this thematic area to genomics and biotechnology 'in general' (not just health) and combine the actions proposed by the Commission in areas 1.1.1 and 1.1.5. Accordingly, emphasis should be place at methodological level on seeking greater synergy between actions under the framework programme and national measures, as well as ensuring that results are publicised so as to optimise joint research efforts and provide the necessary information to secure public confidence.

Amendment 46
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.1a), Justification of the effort and added European value, paragraph 3

Europe's spending on research is at present much lower and less coherent. The launching of publicly funded research programmes on post-genome research in several Member States is a big step in the right direction. All in all, however, the efforts made are inadequate and dispersed.

Europe's spending on research is at present much lower and less coherent. The launching of publicly funded research programmes on genome research in several Member States is a big step in the right direction. All in all, however, the efforts made are inadequate and dispersed.

Justification

A significant amount of genome data (full sequences) is required in order to know the exact number of genes in an organism, which provides the requisite basis for post-genome research.

Amendment 47
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 4

European industry also spends much less on research than US industry does: 70% of genomics companies are located in the United States and a substantial and increasing proportion of European private- sector investment is made in that country.

European industry spends much less on research than US industry does: 70% of genomics companies are located in the United States and a substantial and increasing proportion of European private-sector investment is made in that country.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 48
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   Fundamental knowledge and basic tools for functional genomics:

-   Fundamental knowledge and basic tools for functional genomics from animal, plant model species and human beings

Justification

-   Plant and human genes are similar in structure, but sometimes very different in function. Their evolutionary distance uncovers gene functions and regulatory patterns in plants that are difficult or impossible to access in animals. Valuable, comparative information can thus be obtained on the human genome that can be used to understand major factors affecting human health. Many genes implicated in human disease conditions have high homology to Arabidopsis genes, a situation similar to the one observed in nematodes and other model organisms, which justifies the study of plants as a model species.

Amendment 49
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1, subindent 1

-   - gene expression and proteomics;

-   - gene expression, proteomics and metabolism;

Justification

It is important to deal with metabolic flows and not just proteins when analysing the function of genes.

Amendment 50
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1, subindent 2a (new)
 

-   - research on monogenic and polygenic diseases

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 51
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1, subindent 2b (new)
 

-   - Promotion of cell therapy including therapy with adult staminal cells and adult "reprogrammed" somatic cells.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 52
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1, sub-indent 3a (new)
 

-   - plant genomics

Justification

Plant genomics are of crucial importance to the European Union, together with the systematic identification of genes of industrial interest for ornamental plants, medicinal plants, horticultural plants, woody plants and arable crops. Only by systematically studying plant genomics will it be possible to know and understand biodiversity. It also represents risk- free research that will enable environmental protection technologies to be developed.

Amendment 53
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1, sub-indent 4a (new)
 

-   - basic biological processes (e.g. programmed cell death, cell cycle, oxidative stress, disease resistance, epigenetics, polyploidy, developmental plasticity)

Justification

Genomics and post-genomics research produces a systematic definition of genes and their functions. Research on universal basic biological processes complements this by defining time, space and circumstances of their interaction and regulation, which is crucial for their function. The refinement of information thus gained through focused studies of selected model species provides an efficient route for the systematic transfer of knowledge to crop plants. This will have a major impact on agricultural & food improvement in the next decade and allow Europe to control the quality, safety and quantity of its own food production.

Amendment 54
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), “Actions envisaged”, paragraph 1, indent 2, subindent 1

technological platforms for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic tools;

-   - technological platform for the development of new diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic tools (the priority is preventing and curing diseases. Diagnostic tools will be supported primarily if they are directly linked to therapeutic efforts);

Justification

Diagnostic tools should receive support only if they are directly linked to therapeutic efforts. A major investment in research into methods of diagnosis without parallel efforts in the field of therapy would result in the problematic situation that genetic causes of disease could be identified with great precision without its being possible to give the patient any practical assistance. While a precise diagnosis is generally required in order for therapy to be effective, in the case of many genetic disorders a diagnosis alone is of no use to patients. Stem cell therapy is an important new field of medical research. Unlike the specific programme ‘Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area’, however, this field is not explicitly mentioned in the framework programme. Unlike research on embryonic stem cells, adult stem cell therapy has already reached the stage of affording patients practical benefit and it is supported unreservedly in all Member States.

Amendment 55
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2, subindent 1a (new)
 

-   - support of innovative research on transgenic plants for the production of drugs, hormones and proteins for therapeutic purposes;

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 56
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2, subindent 2

-   - support for innovative research in genomics start-up companies.

-   - support for innovative research in genomics and proteomics start-up companies.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 57
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), “Actions envisaged”, paragraph 1, indent 2, subindent 2a (new)
 

-   - the cumulative effects of different authorised biotech and traditional pharmaceuticals which, acting on their own, may present no health risk but which cumulatively may cause undesirable side-effects, allergies and toxicity.

Justification

Diagnostic tools should receive support only if they are directly linked to therapeutic efforts. A major investment in research into methods of diagnosis without parallel efforts in the field of therapy would result in the problematic situation that genetic causes of disease could be identified with great precision without its being possible to give the patient any practical assistance. While a precise diagnosis is generally required in order for therapy to be effective, in the case of many genetic disorders a diagnosis alone is of no use to patients. Stem cell therapy is an important new field of medical research. Unlike the specific programme ‘Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area’, however, this field is not explicitly mentioned in the framework programme. Unlike research on embryonic stem cells, adult stem cell therapy has already reached the stage of affording patients practical benefit and it is supported unreservedly in all Member States.

Amendment 58
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3, subindent 1

-   - combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases and rare diseases;

-   - combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system (including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and experimental treatments now under investigation for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease), psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolism diseases including diabetes and rare diseases;

Justification

Self-explanatory. The recent scientific work reported in America on a possible remedy for victims of vCJD represented a key step forward in the treatment of this disease. Work of this nature should therefore be included in the framework programme, as vCJD is now a malady which may be hidden in a number of Member States.

Amendment 59
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3, subindent 2

-   - combating resistance to drugs;

-   combating resistance to drugs and antibiotics in particular; research in this field must deal with points related to animal feed as well as hygiene habits (or the lack of hygiene), drug prescription practices, and the ways in which medicines are customarily taken;

Justification

The wording has been changed to reflect the fact that antibiotics are posing the most serious problems where resistance to drugs is concerned.

Amendment 60
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, indent 3, sub indent 3

-   - studying human development, the brain and the ageing process;

-   - studying human development, the brain and diseases relating to the ageing process;

Justification

The addition of the words "diseases related to" is made to limit the scope..

Amendment 61
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3, subindent 3a (new)
 

-   - pharmacogenomics in order to obtain more active drugs without adverse reactions.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 62
Annex 1, paragraph 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3a, (new)
 

-   Food: development of healthier and safer methods for manufacturing human and animal food components and products; introduction of methods for assessing the risks of new products as regards public health, including epidemiology related to genetic susceptibilities;

Justification

This is in line with the rapporteur's amendments which extend this thematic area to genomics and biotechnology 'in general' (not just health) and combine the actions proposed by the Commission in areas 1.1.1 and 1.1.5. On this basis, the main fields of research in the agricultural and food sectors can be defined.

Amendment 63
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3b (new)
 

-    fish breeding: development of new methods and breeds and assessment of risks and dangers;

Justification

European research must also tackle fish breeding matters.

Amendment 64
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1a, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3c (new)
 

Agriculture:

 

Development of new methods and breeds and plant varieties, study of the genetic maps of plants and animals with a view to exploiting their main assets, in particular resistance to pests and diseases and ability to adapt to soils and adverse climates; development of new products; development of alternative methods for tests on animal species, for example enzyme tests, using micro-organisms or other means; introduction of methods for assessing the risks and dangers of new products as regards environmental impact on public health, including epidemiology related to genetic susceptibilities and more extensive research into genetically modified organisms.

Justification

European research must also tackle agricultural matters. In the development of agriculture the possibility should not be ruled out of developing new plants (including trees) which will for example be more resistant to storms or moisture than existing ones. Climate change is an important challenge On this basis, the main fields of research in the agricultural and food sectors can be defined.

Amendment 65
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3d (new)
 

-    development of alternative methods to animal tests, for example enzyme tests, using micro-organisms or other means;

Justification

Parliament has been seeking for years to abolish animal tests in the cosmetics industry. Alternative methods need to be developed to achieve that aim.

Amendment 66
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3e (new)
 

-   small genomes.

Justification

Information obtained from organisms with a relatively small genome could play an important role in gene structure, function, and sequencing research. The EC has already been involved in such research, more specifically where the plant Arabidopsis thaliana was concerned. Small genomes also include microbial genomes. Europe needs to consolidate its involvement in this research.

Amendment 67
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1a (new)
 

1a.   The identification of genes, proteins and of the molecular mechanisms they control should be complemented by an analysis of their spatial and temporal expression through the use of suitable imaging techniques.

Justification

There are many benefits from the use of imaging techniques in particular in the study of neurosciences.

Amendment 68
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1, sub Title (new)
 

1.1.   1 b. The major diseases

Justification

Self justifying

Amendment 69
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Objective, paragraph 1 (new)
 

Research linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, degenerative diseases of the nervous system (such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and so forth), and rare diseases

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 70
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Objective, paragraph 2
 

Other objectives are to enable real and consistent progress in medicine and an improvement in the quality of life, both for individuals and civil society in the European Union and applicant countries, more particularly in the fields of public health and citizens, agriculture, and fish breeding.

Justification

With a view to the next enlargement of the European Union, a uniformly structured European Research Area needs to be created. It is therefore important to refer expressly to the applicant countries in connection with each of the priority thematic areas.

Amendment 71
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1 b. Objective, paragraph 3 (new)
 

The accent here must lie on translational research coordinated on European level

Justification

Translational research, which translates laboratory research in order to apply it to patients, remains under-developed. The shorter the chains and the tighter the flow of information, the more opportunities there are for patients to benefit from the achievements of the genome project. If the EU wishes to be effective, translational research can only be undertaken on a large scale. Coordination and cooperation at EU level are therefore needed.

Amendment 72
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1 (new)
 

Justification of the effort and European added value

 

European medical research, however, should not focus exclusively on the human genome. ‘Non-genomic‘ research also requires joint efforts first and foremost because research on the human genome will not solve every health problem over the next 20 years. Furthermore, European databases on various diseases could open up prospects for gigantic progress in 'traditional research', since they could be used to document the occurrence and geographical location of cases and prognoses and developments. Databases of this type could likewise document trends as regards disease figures, potential causes of diseases, and factors affording some measure of protection against them.

Justification

There are some radically different and innovatory approaches which are not related to genetic aspects and can clearly not be described as traditional.

Amendment 73
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 2-7 (new)
 

In these medical fields, the objective of this priority theme will be to develop improved patient-oriented strategies for the prevention and management of disease and for living and ageing healthily. The research will therefore concentrate on translating the new knowledge being created by genomics and other fields of basic research into applications that improve clinical practice and public health.

 

For cancer, the priority theme will sponsor a patient-oriented European Initiative on Cancer Research, containing three interlinked components:

 

establishing a European Centre for the Exploitation of Research on Cancer, preferably by developing existing structures and networks, with the purpose of developing evidence-based guidelines for good clinical practice and improved public health strategies by accelerating the translation of existing research results into applications;

 

supporting clinical research, particularly public-interest clinical trials, aimed at validating new and improved interventions;

 

supporting translationary research aimed at pulling basic knowledge through to applications in clinical practice and public health.

 

The European Initiative on Cancer Research requires € 400 million in order to have a reasonable visibility and impact in relation to cancer research in Europe as a whole.

Justification

This specifies the contribution that can be made at European level to cancer research. Tens of thousands of people die of cancer every year in the EU. Only if the Union succeeds in conducting more translational research, coordinated at EU level, will it be in a position to compete with the US to keep top researchers in the EU. In addition, this will contribute to the development of medicines in this area in the EU. Improved coordination between the EU and the Member States will enable the overall budget for cancer research to be used more efficiently and will give a boost to the combating of cancer in the EU.

Amendment 74
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.1b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 8 (new)
 

A European Research Area should also be promoted with regard to cancer research, and therefore the networks dealing with cancer that are already in existence should be supported, particularly those made up of national centres of excellence and expertise in the field of cancer research and treatment, and the criteria for identifying these centres should be clearly defined.

Justification

The exchange of information is essential for cancer treatment. Coordination between centres with expertise in information, screening, training, research, treatment, rehabilitation and the use of research results in clinical practice is vital in order to ensure that treatments are suitable and uniform and that research results are rapidly applied, after the requisite validation procedure, which should place a high priority on the interests of patients.

Amendment 75
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 9 (new)
 

Given its nature, research into the field of rare diseases is often considered not economically viable due to the sometimes very limited number of persons in each country affected by specific rare diseases. For this reason, coordination of efforts carried out at national level through the promotion of European cooperation is fundamental

Justification

Research at national level into rare diseases is often scarce and scattered. It is necessary to coordinate efforts and promote cooperation at European level in order to achieve results in this area.

Amendment 76
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 10 (new)
 

Childhood diseases are a field in which European cooperation is vital for the study of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying pediatric serious diseases as well as identification of new instruments for their prevention and therapy . Serious diseases in children are – fortunately – very rare. Information on the few cases that do exist should be shared to enable effective treatments to be developed.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 77
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indents 1-6 (new)
 

Research linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and diabetes-related diseases, degenerative diseases of the nervous system (including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and experimental treatments now under investigation for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) , psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, viral hepatitis C, allergies and metabolism diseases including diabetes and rare diseases

 

-   Transnational research and comparative studies and coordinated development of European databases to provide comprehensive pictures of the diseases;

 

-   Cooperation with and support for existing networks;

 

-   Interdisciplinary networks, to be set up preferably by linking existing networks;

 

-   Clinical cancer research;

 

-   Exchange of clinical practice

 

-   Clinical trials on new drugs.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 78
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2 (new)
 

A priority approach will be pursued with regard to combating serious diseases in developing countries such as Aids, malaria and tuberculosis. The European Union will take priority action in this connection, and contribute to coordination at international level. In the case of Aids and tuberculosis, this entails the development of vaccines and medicines appropriate to conditions in third world countries; in the case of malaria, it entails the continuing of research into, and testing of, a malaria vaccine. To that end, a structure will be set up if necessary on the basis of Articles 171 and 181.

Justification

Some five million people die every year of Aids, malaria or tuberculosis. As regards research into malaria, progress achieved to date must not be allowed to be lost. With regard to Aids and malaria, great efforts are needed. International cooperation is essential.

Amendment 79
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3 (new)
 

Studying human development, the brain and diseases relating to the ageing process;

Justification

The addition of the words "diseases related to" is made to limit the scope..

Amendment 80
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 4 (new)
 

Developing better therapies for children.

Justification

Better therapies for children should become a priority.

Amendment 81
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 5, indents 1-4 (new)
 

Epidemiology and preventive action on health techniques:

 

-   epidemiological data, tools and models for understanding, analysing and predicting the influence of environmental and dietetic factors on various populations and on health.

 

-   preventive health policies,

 

-   preventive action to influence environmental factors or control environmental risks,

 

-   preventive medicine.

Justification

It is important to incorporate the concepts of epidemiology and prevention policies into genomic and biotechnological research.

Amendment 82
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 6 (new)
 

Combating resistance to drugs and antibiotics in particular; research in this field must deal with points related to animal feed as well as hygiene habits (or the lack of hygiene), drug prescription practices, and the ways in which medicines are customarily taken;

Justification

Antibiotics are posing the most serious problems where resistance to drugs is concerned.

Amendment 83
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions Envisaged, paragraph 7, (new)
 

Research on alternative or non-conventional medicines.

 

Studies aimed at: understanding the 'mechanism of action' of non-conventional therapies; evaluating the cost benefit and effectiveness; understanding the effect of non-conventional therapies in farm livestock as regarding on public health and animal welfare

Justification

Significant numbers of European citizens are making frequent use of non-conventional therapies. This makes the development of a research infrastructure which reflects the actual prevalence and relevance of complementary therapies in health essential.

Amendment 84
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.1b), Actions Envisaged, paragraph 8 (new)
 

Research on medical use of cannabis.

Justification

There is an emerging interest in the medicinal use of cannabis. Not only in the Netherlands, but also other EU governments are showing interest in the medical use of cannabis. On several occasions the International Narcotics Control Bureau (INCB) called on the associated countries to stimulate clinical trials with cannabis. Although there are indications that cannabis could be useful in certain diseases its therapeutic use is not evidence based. Historically over 40 indications have been reported. The most promising are multiple sclerosis, appetite stimulant in AIDS-wasting syndrome and cancer, nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy, epilepsy, several forms of pain, and glaucoma.

Amendment 85
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.1 a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 9 and 10 (new)
 

Research into ethically acceptable alternatives to technologies which are controversial within the Community and Member States, e.g. alternatives to experiments on animals and to embryo stem cell research and artificial insemination methods that could prevent the production of supernumerary embryos.

 

A broad approach will be pursued with regard to combating the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (Aids, malaria and tuberculosis) which have priority in terms of disease control at EU and international level.

Justification

Priority should be assigned to research which could replace applications which are controversial in the Member States and the EU. Examples include finding alternatives to tests on animals and promoting alternatives to the use of stem cells from embryos, i.e. both the use of adult stem cells and other approaches to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, diabetes and the like. Another example is cryopreservation of ova for artificial insemination, which in the long term could perhaps make it unnecessary to produce so-called superfluous human embryos..

Amendment 86
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.2, 'Objective', paragraph 1

The activities carried out in this area, pursuant to the conclusions of the Lisbon European Council and the objectives of the e-Europe initiative, are intended to stimulate the development in Europe of technologies and applications at the heart of the creation of the Information Society in order to increase the competitiveness of European industry and allow European citizens in all EU regions the possibility of benefiting fully from the development of the knowledge-based society.

The activities carried out in this area, pursuant to the conclusions of the Lisbon European Council and the objectives of the e-Europe initiative, are intended to stimulate the development in Europe of technologies and applications at the heart of the creation of the Information Society in order to increase the competitiveness of European industry and allow European citizens in all regions of the EU and applicant countries the possibility of benefiting fully from the development of the knowledge-based society.

Justification

With a view to the next enlargement of the European Union, a uniformly structured European Research Area needs to be created. It is therefore important to refer expressly to the applicant countries in connection with each of the priority thematic areas.

Amendment 87
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, objective, paragraph 1a (new)
 

The research effort in FP6 will concentrate on the future generation of IST that will reinforce the eEurope objectives of bringing IST applications and services to everyone, every home, every school and to all businesses. It will enable the development of the next generation Internet that will be more user-centred.

 

A new generation of IST is emerging that will enable ALL citizens and businesses to benefit from IST services. Involving a radical shift from the current « PC based » systems and from the “keyboard, mouse and screen”, the aim is to render technology almost invisible and make its use natural and effortless.

 

This requires a massive research effort to embed electronic components and devices in everyday objects and to build networking and computing technologies that have enough bandwidth and performance for interconnecting such components everywhere and at any time. In addition, interfaces are required that use our natural senses (touch, smell, speech and gesture) for easy and effective interaction with knowledge-based applications and services.

 

This approach, which is strongly supported by industry and the research community, represents a clear opportunity for Europe to build on its technological and industrial strengths in areas such as mobile communications, consumer electronics and embedded software.

 

3G mobile and current wireless systems are a major step towards this next generation as they enable anywhere access to Internet services from a non-PC platform and for the normal “man on the street”. Wearable mobile devices that incorporate interfaces making use of our “natural” senses such as speech are currently under development. They constitute a further step towards this so-called vision of “ambient intelligence” in which the users (people) are at the centre of IST development.

Justification

More concrete examples of what is envisaged.

Amendment 88
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1a (new)
 

Europe is well positioned to lead and shape the future development not only of technologies but also of their impact on our life and work. European industry has to some extent missed the PC era but has secured a lead in other areas, especially the mobile sector, that must be maintained.

Justification

More concrete examples of what is envisaged.

Amendment 89
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1b (new)
 

The future competitiveness of all European industry and the living standards of Europe’s citizens depend largely on future efforts in IST research in order to prepare the upcoming generation of products, processes and services. Europe’s direct competitors, the USA and Japan, are currently deploying massive effort in this field both at the private and public level. Hence, Europe can not afford to lose the unique opportunities offered by the next generation of IST, either in social or economic terms.

Justification

More concrete examples of what is envisaged.

Amendment 90
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.2.,Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 4

Community actions will concentrate on the technological priorities that will make it possible to realise this vision. They will aim at mobilising the community of researchers around targeted initiatives, such as the development of the next generations of mobile communication systems, so as to achieve medium and long-term objectives while being able to react to the new needs and demands of markets as well as public policy.

Community actions will concentrate on the technological priorities that will make it possible to realise this vision. They will aim at mobilising the community of researchers around targeted initiatives, such as the development of the next generations of mobile communication systems, operating systems and hardware for the development of computers so as to achieve medium and long-term objectives while being able to react to the new needs and demands of markets as well as public and social policy.

Justification

In the hardware development field Europe lags considerably behind the United States and Japan. Europe’s slowness in this key sector of the new economy carries with it significant risks. If Europe intends to leave the field open to its main competitors in the world market in this sector, this could have grave consequences for European technological development and, as a result, employment. European research therefore also needs to focus on hardware development.

Amendment 91
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, actions envisaged, action 1a (new)
 

Building innovative applications and solving complex problems

A strong applied and application-specific research effort is needed to address in an integrated way the socio-economic challenges. Research will aim at:

 

1.   solving “trust and confidence” problems in the areas of security, privacy, property and individual rights and dependability. Improving trust in the knowledge society is a key requirement for its development.

 

2.   addressing the societal challenges such as health, inclusion, transport, environment and cultural heritage as well as business challenges such as support to new value chain management, mobile commerce (allowing for a concrete step forward towards 3G functionality) and ework tools and processes.

 

3.   developing the tools and applications of knowledge and computing GRIDs for complex problem solving in science, industry and businesses. These are key elements of the Next Generation Internet and will enable the harnessing of computing and storage resources across Europe and will bring them to the desktop of any researcher, engineer or end user.

 

4.   stimulating further independent research activities on biomedical (in particular non-thermal) effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields, also in the context of new applications of electromagnetic fields due to emerging technologies. Possible causal relationships between exposure to electromagnetic fields and cancer development and/or neurological disorders and symptoms need to be investigated.

Justification

More concrete examples of what is envisaged.

Amendment 92
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.2, Actions envisaged, action 1, paragraph 1

Completing and building on progress expected in the development of basic technologies, research aimed at finding solutions for major societal and economic challenges and, accordingly, focusing on:

Completing and building on progress expected in the development of basic technologies, research aimed at finding solutions for major societal and economic challenges faced by an emerging knowledge-based society and, accordingly, focusing on:

Justification

It is important to focus this section of the framework programme on the aim of the European Union as expressed by the Lisbon Summit ‘to make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world’ within the next ten years.

Amendment 93
Annex I., Chapter 1.1.2 Actions envisaged, Action 1, paragraph1, first indent

-   Ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, as well as interactive and intelligence systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   The development of operating systems and hardware for the production of European computers and ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all regardless of age or situation, as well as interactive and intelligence systems for health which also allow scientific up-dating for medical qualified people and health operators, mobility, security, leisure and tourism, rural development, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring. Intelligence systems should be particularly aimed at securing access for and participation by socially excluded and disadvantaged groups in society including disabled people; covering both design for all principles and assistive technologies in this field;

Justification

It is particularly important to make the new information technologies available to disabled people and people with special needs.

Both tourism and rural development have a substantial impact on improving cohesion.

To clarify the meaning of the phrase and highlight the need for the information society to be accessible to disadvantaged groups. Disabled people are particularly concerned with regard to their particular access requirements to the information society and intelligence systems. The Lisbon summit conclusions and the Social Policy Agenda also made particular reference to disability access to Information communication technologies. Therefore, disabled people should be explicitly referred to under this action.

Amendment 94
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.2, “Actions Envisaged, action 1, paragraph 1, indent 2

-   electronic and mobile commerce, as well as technologies for secure transactions and infrastructures, new tools and new methods of work, technologies for learning and systems for corporate knowledge management, for integrated business management and for e-government;

-   technologies for secure communication and storage of information, in particular those easily accessible by individuals and safeguarding their civil liberties, electronic and mobile commerce, as well as technologies for secure transactions and infrastructures, new tools and new methods of work, technologies for learning and systems for corporate knowledge management, for integrated business management and for e-government;

Justification

The justification of this thematic area states that it seeks to place "the human being at the centre of the future development of the knowledge-based society", thus research should also aim at protecting civil liberties and not only guaranteeing e-commerce.

Amendment 95
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.2., Actions envisaged, action 1, paragraph 1, subindent 2a (new)
 

-   technologies and infrastructures to boost European capacity to digitise its data, creations and archives;

Justification

If it is to develop a knowledge-based society and enjoy economic vibrancy, Europe must be capable of building up infrastructures and techniques that can be used to produce digital content and digitise its archives with a view to exploiting their cultural, educational, economic and social potential. Such an aim is a matter of priority for citizens and undertakings alike.

Amendment 96
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.2, Actions envisaged, action 1, paragraph 1, indent 3a (new)
 

   the consequences of IST for human organisation, job structure, working life and the health and safety of workers.

Justification

This section must specifically recognise and respond to the challenges of a changing work environment and increased mobility, which will affect the way we live in the knowledge-based and IST-dependent society.

Amendment 97
Annex 1, Chapter.1.1.2., Actions Envisaged, Action 1, paragraph 1, indent 3b (new)
 

The role of consumption and consumer demand in the development of electronic trade, emphasising consumer relevant criteria for e-commerce successes, and integrating new technology into the everyday life of individuals and households.

Justification

In order for e-commerce with consumers to flourish, consumers’ interests must be taken into account. Developing the services which the consumers demand is the sustainable model for e-commerce. It is also important to study how new technology can make our lives safer and more secure.

Amendment 98
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.2, 'Actions envisaged', action 2, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   the new generations of wireless and mobile communications systems and networks; satellite communications systems; all-optical technologies; integration and management of communication networks; capacity-enhancing technologies necessary for the development of systems, infrastructures and services, in particular for audiovisual applications;

-   the new generations of wireless and mobile communications systems and networks; satellite communications systems; all-optical technologies including display systems; integration and management of communication networks; capacity-enhancing technologies necessary for the development of systems and infrastructures, including the further rapid development of the next-generation pan-European gigabit research network - GEANT - into a network with a capacity of 100 Gb/s;

Justification

The increased mobility and coordination of research in Europe envisaged in connection with the ERA will require instantaneous transfer of large amounts of information from one country to another and it is vital that there is an infrastructure in place to support this demand.

Amendment 99
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.2, Actions envisaged, action 2, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

   innovative methods of data storage and recovery.

Justification

In the information society, the amount of data produced that requires storage and retrieval would be unmanageable with today’s systems and will require innovative solutions.

Amendment 100
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, 'Actions envisaged', action 2, paragraph 1, indent 2b (new)
 

-   research into and development of new technologies for humane mine clearance purposes

Justification

New technologies can contribute to making humane mine clearance efforts safer and cheaper. Experience with current programmes, which are coordinated primarily by the JRC, is encouraging and should be reinforced by new projects.

Amendment 101
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.2, Actions envisaged, Action 2, paragraph 1, indent 2c (new)
 

-   software technologies supporting the provision of complex services featuring several interacting actors such as operators, service providers, application providers, brokering systems and users.

Justification

Common software architectures and protocols will play a key role in future Information networks. These will provide not only the traditional transfer and communication capabilities, but also easy and efficient high speed access to all multimedia content and innovative value-added services such as transaction management, contract negotiation and connection to information servers. Such software-based integration architecture will become a key factor of the convergence of mobility, internet, telephony and broadcasting.

Amendment 102
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.2, 'Actions envisaged', action 3, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   the design and production of micro- and opto-electronic and photonic components,

-   the design and production of micro- and opto-electronic and photonic components, including for purposes of storing information,

Justification

In the information society, huge amounts of data will be handled and processed, requiring new storage systems and devices.

Amendment 103
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, actions envisaged, action 3, paragraph 1, indent 1a (new)
 

-   Pushing the limits of miniaturisation and minimising the costs and power consumption of microelectronic and micro-systems components. This also requires the exploration of new materials, such as organic flexible materials for displays and sensors so that they can be placed anywhere, even in the human body, and take any shape.

Justification

More concrete examples of what is envisaged.

Amendment 104
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, actions envisaged, action 3, paragraph 1, indent 1b (new)
 

-   Developing mobile, wireless, optical and broadband communication infrastructures and computing technologies that are reliable, pervasive and can be adapted to accommodate new applications and services. They will lead to the next generation Internet and will have to support the exchange of increasingly large amounts of information. Especially the development of Internet Protocol version Six (IPv6) needs further stimulation. In the next ten years, it is expected that the average household will be managing terabytes of photos, music, videos, software and documents.

Justification

More concrete examples of what is envisaged.

Amendment 105
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.2, Actions envisaged, action 3, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

   innovations to reduce the environmental impact of ICTs at all stages, manufacturing, use and end of product life.

Justification

It is important to assess the impact of ICTs on sustainable development and to take into consideration the impact on those who use the technologies.

Amendment 106
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.2., Actions envisaged, Action 4, paragraph 1

Research into information management tools and interfaces, with a view to enabling easier interaction everywhere and at all times with knowledge‑based services and applications, addressing:

Research into information management tools, training which takes account of human beings’ ways of learning and capacity to learn and interfaces with a view to enabling easier interaction everywhere and at all times with knowledge‑based services and applications, addressing:

Justification

The draft framework programme is very much focussed on technology when one looks at the details. Research which investigates individuals’ ways of managing information and their cognitive processes is also important.

Amendment 107
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, actions envisaged, action 4, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   knowledge representation and management systems based on context and semantics, including cognitive systems, as well as tools for creating, organising, sharing and disseminating digital content;

-   knowledge representation and management systems based on context and semantics, including cognitive systems, as well as tools for creating, organising, navigating, retrieving, sharing and disseminating digital content;

Justification

In the Information Society, huge amounts of data will be handled and processed. This will require advanced and innovative navigation and retrieval solutions.

Amendment 108
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.2, actions envisaged, action 4, paragraph 1a (new)
 

As the EP’s report on the Echelon network recently showed, the countries of the Union should develop computer technology (means of transmission, encryption and decryption) independent of the industries of third countries (the USA above all), not only in order to protect European industries, but also and in particular with a view to respect for the privacy of EU citizens.

Justification

In this connection it should be remembered that the report Parliament adopted on the Echelon system calls on the Commission to focus its efforts on the development of a computer technology to ensure the protection of European industries and the privacy of Union citizens.

Amendment 109
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.2, Actions envisaged, action 4a (new)
 

Future and emerging technologies and the information society

 

An exploratory activity in future and emergent technologies will support basic research which, in the long run, will bring visionary ideas to the borders of current knowledge. This will be achieved through two activities:

 

   support for research into open and wide-ranging areas that may result in discoveries that lead to state-of-the-art technologies;

 

   funding for projects focused on a small number of highly interdisciplinary objectives such as the interface between organic chemistry and computers;

 

-   quantum computing;

Justification

This approach will allow an inclusive and broad funding system to bring the focus of research on to interdisciplinary projects that have been identified as future state-of-the-art technologies. This response is vital in the constantly evolving information society. Quantum computing is a cutting-edge technology and should be covered by a specific research programme, in coordination with the priority concerning nanotechnologies.

Amendment 110
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.3, Title

Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, and new production processes

Nanotechnologies and new processes of production of advanced materials

Justification

Self justifying.

Amendment 111
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3, Objective, paragraph 1

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe achieve a critical mass of capacities needed to develop and exploit, especially for greater eco-efficiency, leading-edge technologies for the knowledge- and intelligence-based products, services and manufacturing processes of the years to come.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help the European Union and the applicant countries achieve a critical mass of capacities needed to develop and exploit, especially for greater eco-efficiency, and reduction of discharges of hazardous substances to the environment, leading-edge technologies for the knowledge- and intelligence-based products, services and manufacturing processes of the years to come.

Justification

With a view to the next enlargement of the European Union, a uniformly structured European Research Area needs to be created. It is therefore important to refer expressly to the applicant countries in connection with each of the priority thematic areas.

It is important to include activities that lead to reduction in discharges of hazardous substances to the environment, which is not necessarily achieved by greater eco-efficiency alone.

Amendment 112
Annex I., Chapter 1.1.3. Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 4

Where materials are concerned, the aim is to develop intelligent materials which are expected to add considerable value in terms of applications in sectors such as transport, energy and the biomedical sector and for which there is a potential market of several tens of billions of euros.

Where materials are concerned, the aim is to develop intelligent materials which are expected to add considerable value in terms of applications in sectors such as transport, energy, electronics and the biomedical sector and for which there is a potential market of several tens of billions of euros.

Justification

Intelligent materials will not only have valuable applications in the transport, energy and biomedical sectors, but also in the electronics sector.

Amendment 113
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3., Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 5a (new)
 

In order to enhance the impact of such measures through wide dissemination among European businesses, the distinguishing characteristics of small and micro-firms in terms of organisation and management must be taken into account when such measures are finalised.

Justification

Several aspects relating to new production processes directly concern small and particularly very small firms (micro-enterprises). This chapter covers everything relating to the organisation of micro-enterprises’ production which seeks to enable them to become effective and environmentally friendly. For small and micro-enterprises, the notion of the life cycle and overall cost is a vital issue for the future.

Amendment 114
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3., Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 5b (new)
 

One of the main objectives in this area must be strengthening the competitiveness of the European bio-basic industry, by developing environmentally efficient technologies for the processing of plant, forestry, animal or waste products for the manufacture of new bio-materials, particularly bio-polymers and bio-fuels, as well as searching for new industrial applications for secondary resources, including recycling of agricultural and forestry waste.

Justification

Developing the European bio-basic industry can help achieve more economically and environmentally sustainable development, encourage more responsible use of resources (water, land, energy, etc.) and provide an outlet for surplus agricultural production. More efficient and cleaner technologies can be used to produce new products with higher added value and low environmental impact for which there is an established demand, while encouraging better use by industry of agricultural and forestry raw materials and waste.

Amendment 115
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.3, actions envisaged, action 1, indent 6

-   applications in areas such as health, chemistry, energy, optics and the environment.

-   applications in areas such as health, including advanced system for storage and management of biological samples (serum, cells, DNA), chemistry, energy, electronics, optics and the environment.

Justification

Nanotechnologies will not only have applications in areas such as health, chemistry, energy, optics and the environment, but also in electronics.

Amendment 116
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3, Actions envisaged, Action 2, indent 3a (new)
 

-   neuronal networks of artificial intelligence

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 117
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3, Actions envisaged, Action 3, indent -1 (new)
 

-   development of biosensors for diseases diagnostics, food and environment quality and safety;

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 118
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.3, Actions envisaged, action 3, indent 1

–   the development of flexible and intelligent manufacturing systems incorporating advances in virtual manufacturing technologies, interactive decision-aid systems and high-precision engineering;

–   the development of flexible and intelligent manufacturing systems incorporating advances in virtual manufacturing technologies, interactive decision-aid systems, high-precision engineering and innovative robotics in motor vehicle manufacturing;

Justification

The motor vehicle industry is the biggest industrial sector in Europe. Development of innovative robotics is crucial for improving its competitiveness in both internal and external markets.

Amendment 119
Annex 1, paragraph 1.1.3, Actions envisaged, action 3, indent 2

-   systems research needed for waste management and hazard control

-   systems research needed for non-polluting waste management and hazard control, giving priority to activities that minimise the generation of waste in general and hazardous waste in particular by e.g. minimising the use of hazardous substances in production and manufacturing processes;

Justification

Self-explanatory

Amendment 120
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3., ‘Actions envisaged’, action 3, indent 3a (new)
 

-   Development of new processes and IT tools in the process industry, including simulation, and their exploitation in development work.

Justification

Europe has special skills and strong traditions in the capital-intensive process section. In the branches of this sector, such as the forestry industry, there are major interests in developing new production processes or part-processes, making it possible to achieve a better result both economically and in environmental terms. New production processes in forestry also mean more effective use of raw materials, energy saving and opportunities for the development of new products.

Amendment 121
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3., Actions envisaged, Action 3, indent 3b (new)
 

-   Development of environmentally efficient technologies for the extraction or modification of oils, proteins, starch, sugar or fibres from plants, animals or waste for the manufacture of bio-materials, particularly bio-polymers and bio-fuels.

Justification

The aim is to define the main research areas for the development of new production processes for agriculture and forestry.

Amendment 122
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.3., Actions envisaged, Action 3, indent 3c (new)
 

-   Development of new industrial applications that will increase the added value of agrifoodstuffs and forestry products, encourage the use of secondary resources and reduce agricultural or forestry waste, as well as the consumption of water and energy.

Justification

The aim is to define the main research areas for the development of new production processes for agriculture and forestry.

Amendment 123
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.4, Objective, paragraph 1

The aim of activities carried out in this area is two-fold: to consolidate, by integrating its research efforts, the position of the European aerospace industry vis-à-vis increasingly strong world competition; and to help exploit the potential of European research in this sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

The aim of activities carried out in this area is three-fold: to integrate European aeronautics and the aeronautics industry in a modern, intermodal sustainable transport system and to consolidate the position of European industry and of European industry in the field of short distance intermodal systems and surface transport vis-à-vis increasingly strong world competition, by combining research efforts; and to help exploit the potential of research in the European Union and the applicant countries in this sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

Justification

The aim is not only to strengthen and develop European industry but above all to integrate it into an intermodal global approach for the future, with due regard for environmental and social conditions. In the field of intermodality, congestion in the air-transport sector (with the effect that that has on safety and the environment) has become a major international problem. The transfer of short- haul domestic flights is one of the options contained in the Common Transport Policy and will depend on the success of air/surface intermodality systems. This will enable Europe to boost its exports of such integrated systems, for which there is increasing international demand. With a view to the next enlargement of the European Union, a uniformly structured European Research Area needs to be created. It is therefore important to refer expressly to the applicant countries in connection with each of the priority thematic areas.

Amendment 124
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.4, Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1

The aerospace industry consists of two technologically and economically separate sectors but they are closely associated on account of their industrial and political implications and the stakeholders involved and they are examples of European economic and commercial success stories. However, US investment in aerospace is three to six times higher, depending on the sector.

The aerospace industry consists of two technologically and economically separate sectors but they are closely associated on account of their industrial and political implications and the stakeholders involved and they are examples of European economic and commercial success stories, rich in tradition and potential. The level of investment in other continents, such as in the USA and Japan, is significant.

Justification

The difference as regards investment in research exists not only between Europe and the USA but also between Europe and Japan.

Amendment 125
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.4, Actions envisaged, Action 1, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   increase the competitiveness of the European industry with regard to commercial aircraft, engines and equipment;

-   integrate air transport into a sustainable transport system (including regional and business aeroplanes and helicopters), and strengthen industry in developing appropriate innovative products, including improving engines and equipment and reducing their environmental impact;

Justification

It is not just a question of strengthening and developing the European industry, but also, and primarily, of integrating it into a promising overall intermodal plan, taking into account environmental and social criteria. It is essential to specify that helicopters and regional and business aeroplanes are included under the term ‘commercial aircraft’ used in the proposal for a decision, so as not to exclude these three areas (in which Europe occupies a predominant place in international competition) from measures seeking to reinforce their competitiveness.

Amendment 126
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.4 Actions envisaged, Action 1, paragraph 1, indent 2

-   reduce environmental nuisances and loads (CO2 and NOx emissions, noise);

-   research on the environmental and health impacts of aviation, including reduction of CO2 and NOx emissions and other chemical pollutants, noise pollution and stacking;

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 127
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.4, Actions envisaged, action 1, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

-   reduce aircraft fuel consumption through greater energy efficiency;

Justification

Self-explanatory

Amendment 128
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.4., ‘Actions envisaged’, action 1, paragraph 1, indent 4a (new)
 

-   Air surveillance and its applications; border controls in the context of the Schengen agreements, prevention of pollution (including sea pollution), e.g. by unmanned aircraft.

Justification

Operations in this sector are becoming more and more necessary.

Amendment 129
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.4, Actions envisaged, action 1, paragraph 1, indent 4b (new)
 

-   strengthen innovative, integrated strategies and systems designed to encourage a switch from short-haul flights to trans-European high-speed rail services.

Justification

In the field of intermodality, congestion in the air-transport sector (with the effect that that has on safety and the environment) has become a major international problem. The transfer of short- haul domestic flights is one of the options contained in the Common Transport Policy and will depend on the success of air/surface intermodality systems. This will enable Europe to boost its exports of such integrated systems, for which there is increasing international demand.

Amendment 130
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.4, Actions envisaged, Action 1, paragraph 1, indent 4c (new)

-   

-   integrate aeronautics in a sustainable transport system and strengthen the industry in the development of relevant innovative products, including improvement of engines and equipment and increasing their environmental compatibility;

Justification

According to Commissioner Busquin, sustainable development is to be one of the hallmarks of the 6th Framework Programme of Research. The constant rise in emissions, especially carbon dioxide, from aviation is a serious problem. Reducing emissions should therefore be the top priority in this field. The aim is not only to strengthen and develop European industry but above all to integrate it into a an intermodal global approach for the future, with due regard for environmental and social conditions.

Amendment 131
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.4, “Actions envisaged”, Action 1, paragraph 1, indent 4d (new)
 

-   integrate social and environmental impacts and take account of prospects for controlling and managing the strong growth in air transport.

Justification

According to Commissioner Busquin, sustainable development is to be one of the hallmarks of the 6th Framework Programme of Research. The constant rise in emissions, especially carbon dioxide, from aviation is a serious problem. Reducing emissions should therefore be the top priority in this field. The aim is not only to strengthen and develop European industry but above all to integrate it into a an intermodal global approach for the future, with due regard for environmental and social conditions.

Amendment 132
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.4, Actions envisaged, action 2, paragraph 1, indent 3a (new)
 

   space science and study of the solar system, including research on the sun and the climate and geology of the earth.

Justification

Space science is vital to support other areas of research. For example the sun’s magnetic field affects the earth’s telecommunication systems and observations made in the atmospheres of other planets aid us in our understanding of our own climate.

Amendment 133
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Title

Food safety and health risks

Food quality, safety and health risks and health improvement

Justification

Self justifying

Amendment 134
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.5 ,Objective, paragraph 1

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food‑related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases in order to protect human health and working conditions or factors in the work environment and to ensure food and environmental safety in the European Union and the applicant countries by:

 

-   developing an environmentally friendly system of production and distribution of safe, healthy and quality food including sea food in line with consumer requirements, habits and perceptions,

 

-   control and prevention of food‑related risks, relying in particular on the introduction of HACCP (Hazard Assessment Critical Control Points) throughout the food chain to detect contaminants, toxins and pathogenic micro-organisms in general (including transmissible prions) present in foodstuffs,

 

-   developing food technologies more in keeping with the fundamental role that nutrition, diet and lifestyle play as regards health and disease prevention, while at the same time facilitating consumer choice of products,

 

-   control of health risks associated with environmental changes.

Justification

In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is now to be called 'Health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food security not related to biotechnologies. Accordingly, emphasis should be placed on the links between agricultural and food-related research and the growing consumer demand for healthy, safe and quality products. With this in view, control and prevention of food-related risks are vital by means of uniform scientific criteria and methods of analysis and detection of contaminants, toxins and pathogenic micro-organisms in general which may be present in food. In particular, it is important to extend the HACCP (Hazard Assessment Critical Control Points) to the whole of the food chain.

Amendment 135
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5, Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 3a (new)
 

Given that small and very small enterprises constitute a major part of the food sector, the success of activities undertaken will rely on the adaptation of knowledge and processes to give them a real chance of being exploited by small and very small firms. What is needed is to research and promote the means and methods appropriate to the specific characteristics of these small and very small enterprises.

Justification

All the activities envisaged directly affect small and micro-enterprises in the food sector, of which there are more than a million in Europe manufacturing and selling food products direct to the consumer. Apart from their role in the local distribution of food products and in the development of local networks of food quality and security of supplies, including organic products, they create many jobs and are an essential aspect of European culture thanks to their maintenance and development of food and culinary traditions. Scientific knowledge can only be made available, and safer production methods and healthier food implemented, using appropriate intermediate methods and means. It is vital to promote the conception and dissemination of such methods for the benefit of small and micro-enterprises.

Amendment 136
Annexe 1, chapter 1.1.5, Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 3b (new)
 

The healthy crop (factors and processes that affect the chemical composition of the plant, such as altered metabolism, plant-environment interactions and natural variation investigating biological processes and linking to genomics technologies on plants including Arabidopsis and model cereals, legumes and vegetables)

Justification

The current FP6 proposal emphasises food safety and health risks. Its major shortcoming is that it does not emphasise the impact of food quality on the improvement of human health. The aim of this key action is to gain knowledge of biological research that will lead to the improvement of the quality of life through high quality, safe and more nutritious food. Concerted efforts towards understanding the mechanisms of plant growth and development are likely to provide the knowledge base required for improving plants to serve consumer needs while minimising the environmental impact of agriculture. A deeper understanding of biological processes will furthermore strongly increase international competitiveness of European biotechnology, agriculture and food industry

Amendment 137
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 5

The same remarks apply to the various aspects of the problems associated with the health impact of environmental changes which are a source of growing concern for European citizens, and which often manifest themselves on an international scale. For all these reasons, but also in order to derive the benefit of the combination of the best sources of expertise available in complex areas, the research in question should be carried out at European level in such a way as to ensure genuine coordination of national activities.

The same remarks apply to the various aspects of the problems associated with the health impact of environmental changes and doping practices which are a source of growing concern for European citizens, and which often manifest themselves on an international scale. For all these reasons, but also in order to derive the benefit of the combination of the best sources of expertise available in complex areas, the research in question should be carried out at European level in such a way as to ensure genuine coordination of national activities.

 

Health and safety are important not only where food is concerned, but also as regards work. Safe production processes and working conditions to protect health are subjects that could be dealt with in a joint approach.

Justification

The changes to the first paragraph are of a technical nature. The final paragraph raises the matter of safety at work.

Amendment 138
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5, Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 5a (new)
 

Evidence is starting to build up of the significant risks to human health posed by chemical molecules in our environment with carcinogenic effects or effects on the hormonal system. These molecules are present in small concentrations in the air and the water and thus enter the food chain.

Justification

Food safety cannot be separated from the dissemination of certain chemicals in the environment, particularly those which are potentially carcinogenic or which imitate hormones, all the more so since food and water are the main route by which these products enter our bodies. Any chemical present in the environment will end up in our food (as has been shown in the case of dioxins, etc.). In addition, chemicals in the environment may reinforce the effects of chemicals in food. The investigation of chemicals in the environment should therefore be dealt with together with the investigation of food safety.

Amendment 139
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5, Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 5b (new)
 

The impact of work on the health and safety of workers is an important issue for a great deal of EU citizens. Over 5,000 workers are killed and over 4.5 million accidents occur every year as a result of workplace accidents in the EU. Equally, 77% of consumers interviewed in a recent European survey believe that protecting the health and safety of workers is an important area to which companies should contribute or support (health and safety coming above human rights and the environment). Through targeted and coordinated research across Europe, into safety management, safe working conditions and practices, work equipment and products, many accidents and illnesses could be avoided. Research will be one of the priority themes in the EU’s new European Safety and Health Strategy 2002.

Justification

The new European Strategy on Safety and Health at Work will be adopted in early 2002. Research will be one of the key areas for attention in the Strategy. Unless a safety and health element is included at this stage in the EU Research programme, the first 3 years of the EU safety and health strategy will lack one of the key tools necessary in order to carry out the EU safety and health strategy.

Amendment 140
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph -1 (new)
 

Research into the ethical and social consequences of progress in the field of health and biotechnology;

Justification

The ethical and social aspects have to be addressed.

Amendment 141
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

Food: Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

Justification

Some of the actions provided for in section 1.1.5 are covered by the new section 1.1.1, whereas other actions in section 1.1.1 of the Commission proposal are now listed in section 1.1.5. The additions are explained in the justifications for the previous amendments.

Amendment 142
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent -1 (new)
 

-   all aspects of food safety in all links in the food chain, from primary production to processing;

Justification

The Commission proposal does not mention the ‘from farm to table’ approach.

Amendment 143
Annexe I, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type);

-   methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and sequencing of pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, parasites, and new agents of the prion type), which will make it possible to develop tools to predict the emergence of the pathogenicity of micro-organisms;
placing special emphasis on the introduction of HACCP (Hazard Assessment Critical Control Points) throughout the food chain, and in this regard, particularly the urgent need for the development and evaluation of reliable and more refined scientific methods and increased research into ante-mortem diagnostic tests for BSE and scrapie.

Justification

Genome sequences are a very reliable, rapid and inexpensive way of identifying parasites and pathogens, but also of understanding genomic modifications at the origin of an emergent pathogen. In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is to be called 'Health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food safety not related to biotechnologies. The aim is to develop these aspects in the specific section on 'Food'.

Amendment 144
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1a (new)
 

   development of methods and products which cause very little or no damage to the environment, to combat natural agricultural crop diseases and pests;

Justification

Despite efforts to render farming sustainable, experience shows that too little funding is available from industry for developing environmentally sound plant protection products. In view of the importance of change in agriculture, government has a very important role to play here, which justifies financing research.

Amendment 145
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5 Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1b (new)
 

-   characterisation of molecular mechanisms underlying pathologies induced by chemical contaminants, including prions, viruses, bacteria, protozoa and parasites and development of new instruments for prevention and therapy;

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 146
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

-   technologies to promote organic farming and stockbreeding with all necessary guarantees, and to develop new products which meet consumer requirements and provide them with adequate information on intrinsic safety, duration, recyclability, ingredients, qualitative and nutritional properties, allergy risks and production methods used;

Justification

In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is to be called 'health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food safety not related to biotechnologies. With the same end in view, the aim is to develop the content of the actions envisaged under the new section on 'Food'.

Amendment 147
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2b (new)
 

   development of functional foodstuffs and food technologies in order to take more appropriate account of the fundamental importance of food, dietetics and life-style to health and prevention of diseases, at the same time helping consumers to choose products;

Justification

According to the draftsman’s amendments, this section is to be called ‘health and safety’, and it is only to contain aspects of food safety which are not linked to biotechnology. The new subheading ‘food’ is similarly supplemented.

Amendment 148
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5 Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3

-   “traceability” processes, in particular relating to genetically modified organisms, including those based on recent biotechnology developments;

-   “traceability” processes, in particular relating to genetically modified organisms, including those based on recent biotechnology developments and evaluation of possible pathogenetic effects of GMO in man and animals;

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 149
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 4

–   safer production methods and healthier foodstuffs, including those based on biotechnologies and on organic farming processes;

–   safer and environmentally friendly production methods and healthier foodstuffs, including those based on biotechnologies and on organic farming processes;

Justification

The agriculture of the 3rd millennium must address as a matter of urgency issues relating to the safety and health quality of food (as the BSE crisis, inter alia, has shown), but it must also address issues relating to respect for the environment. The problems of water contamination by nitrates and pesticides are of topical relevance. Citizens expect tomorrow’s agriculture to protect the environment, the countryside and nature. This aspect is, however, missing from the proposed text.

Amendment 150
Annexe 1, 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, indent 4a (new)
 

-   application of biotechnology to the development of crop and animal breeding to benefit global health and environmental welfare;

Justification

There must be European research in animal and plant biotechnology which must benefit not just Europe but also developing countries.

Amendment 151
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 5

–   epidemiology of food-related diseases and genetic susceptibilities;

–   epidemiology of food-related diseases;

Justification

The point in question is covered by section 1.1.1. See Amendment 31.

Amendment 152
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 5a (new)
 

-   the impact of diet on the health of children;

Justification

Because their constitution and metabolism differ from those of adults, children require an appropriate diet. Health risks associated with diet may have a particular impact on children because they are growing fast and because they consume more per kilo of body weight

Amendment 153
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 6

-   impact of food, and in particular products containing genetically modified organisms, on health;

-   impact of food, and in particular products containing genetically modified organisms, on health, and methods for the analysis of causes of food-related allergies;

Justification

As a growing number of patients, in particular, children suffer from food allergies, research into the causes of these allergies should be supported.

Amendment 154
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 7

-   environmental health risks, with emphasis being placed on cumulative risks, transmission routes to human beings, long term effects and exposure to small doses, as well as the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and especially children.

-   environmental health risks, with emphasis being placed on cumulative risks, the cumulative effects of different authorised substances which, acting on their own, may present no health risk but which cumulatively may cause undesirable side-effects, allergies and toxicity; transmission routes to human beings, long term effects and exposure to small doses, as well as the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and especially children.

Justification

Because their constitution and metabolism differ from those of adults, children require an appropriate diet. Health risks associated with diet may have a particular impact on children because they are growing fast and because they consume more per kilo of body weight

As a growing number of patients, in particular, children suffer from food allergies, research into the causes of these allergies should be supported.

Amendment 155
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.5 Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 7a (new)
 

-   research in environmental safety particularly in the health impact of environmental pollutants of biological, chemical, physical (e.g. radiations, electromagnetic fields) nature and identification of new instruments for prevention and therapy of pollutant induced disease.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 156
Annex I, chapter 1.1.5 Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 7b (new)
 

-   the healthy crop (factors and processes that affect the chemical composition of the plant, such as altered metabolism, plant-environment interactions and natural variation using genomics technologies on plants including Arabidopsis and model cereals, legumes and vegetables

Justification

The aim of this key action is to gain knowledge of biological research that will lead to the improvement of the quality of life through high-quality, safe and more nutritious food:

-   Concerted efforts to examine the mechanisms of plant growth and development will create the basis for improving plants to serve consumer needs while minimising the environmental impact of agriculture. A deeper understanding of biological processes will also enhance the international competitiveness of European biotechnology, agriculture and the food industry.

Amendment 157
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 7c (new)'
 

-   effects of GMOs fed to animals in animal feedstuffs on the end product destined for human consumption

Justification

The aim of this key action "healthy crop" is to gain knowledge of biological research that will lead to the improvement of the quality of life through high-quality, safe and more nutritious food:

1.   Genomics and post-genomics research produces a systematic definition of genes and their functions. The refinement of information thus gained through focused studies of selected model species provides an efficient route for the systematic transfer of knowledge to crop plants. This will have a major impact on agricultural and food improvement in the next decade and allow Europe to control the quality, safety and quantity of its own food production..

Amendment 158
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1a (new)
 

Safety at work and new technologies:

 

Development of European ‘safe handling’ standards and safe waste management in biotechnology laboratories and other institutes working with biological material, GMOs, etc.

Justification

Safety at work is completely omitted from the Commission proposal. Especially where new technologies are concerned, the point has to be added.

Amendment 159
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.5, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1b, indent 1 (new)
 

   control of health risks at work.

Justification

European research must also tackle safety at work, which has not been included in the Commission proposal.

  • [1] OJ C 180, 26.6.2001, p. 156

LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL

Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area (COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

The proposal is amended as follows:

Text proposed by the Commission [1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 160
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6, Title

Sustainable development and global change

Energy, sustainable development, biodiversity and global change

Justification

Self justifying

Amendment 161
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6a, subtitle (new)
 

1.1.6a.   Energy

Justification

Energy Section

Amendment 162
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), objective, paragraph 1 (new)
 

The activities carried out in this area are intended to ensure and maximise the availability, sustainability and conservation of the indigenous resources as well as the security of supply of cheap, clean energy in forms required by both the citizens of Europe and industry.

Justification

The inclusion of this thematic area would facilitate systematic development of all our energy resources provided a sustainable development approach is followed. The objective would be to maximise indigenous resources and security of supply of cheap, clean energy in forms required by both the citizens of Europe and industry. Such an approach would not only facilitate an accelerated development of renewables and sustainable development of conventional energies, but would also act as a bridge to longer term solutions like hydrogen and ensure an integrated and targeted approach.

Amendment 163
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6a), Objective, paragraph 2 (new)
 

The activities carried out in this area are intended to strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be able to implement sustainable development and make a significant contribution to the international efforts to understand and control global change and preserve the equilibrium of ecosystems. It recognises, however, the growing dependence on imported fossil fuels and the associated near to mid-term (2010-2020) requirement to support technological developments essential to address the reduction of greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions and the security of energy supply by safeguarding the existing infrastructure, until Renewables technologies gain more widespread acceptance, especially in the liberalised energy market, an approach which would have positive implications for cost, safety and security of energy supplies.

Justification

Natural gas is an obvious stepping stone to a hydrogen based system, in terms of infrastructure provision and development. The EU is dependent on finding, extracting and transporting gas and oil from remote areas, including the North Sea. These technologically demanding feats were only made possible as a result of a tremendous R&D effort and, if we want to ensure security of supply, this effort must continue in future, to make more finds feasible and to improve recovery from existing finds. Similarly, storage of energy becomes more and more important as the energy system becomes more complex with many decentralised generating units. This requires improved and new concepts for gas storage.

Amendment 164
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a) Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1 and indent 1 (new)
 

The global implementation of sustainable development requires:

 

-   the design, development and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure more rational and sustainable use of natural resources to produce energy and raw materials for industrial processes. This should include finding and developing the resources, clean and energy efficient production and minimising waste, emissions and the impact of such economic activity on the environment. Particular attention should be given to the development of an Energy Intelligent Europe.

Justification

Europe should become the most energy intelligent economy in the world. Linking Energy Intelligence to the knowledge-based economy will help Europe to become the most competitive economy worldwide while achieving its ultimate goal – sustainable development. Energy Intelligence should therefore receive the fullest attention of the EU and of Member States. The requirement for the development and production of clean, energy efficient technologies which ensure sustainability, minimum waste and emissions needs to be included in the quest for the rational use of all our natural resources, including hydrocarbons, whilst ensuring both environmental and economic activity is assured within the European Community. The accelerated development of renewables is fully supported yet will provide insufficient energy alone to meet the demand growth in the next few decades. A secure European supply is important for continued wealth creation and jobs in Europe.

Amendment 165
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a),
Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraphs 2-4 (new)
 

The requirement to provide security and diversity of supply whilst meeting ever more stringent environmental obligations within a European Community promoting its indigenous industry with the ability to provide for internal economic growth against a worldwide threat to competitiveness is well documented.

 

Such a goal requires a continuous and evolving RD&D programme to facilitate an accelerated development of renewables and sustainable development of conventional energies but also act as a bridge to longer term solutions like hydrogen.

 

The growth in energy demand and the Kyoto targets require the development of safe, clean, cheap and sustainable innovative conventional energy technical solutions. This in turn will accelerate the development of a replacement programme of renewables to meet the demand.

Justification

The inclusion of this thematic area would facilitate systematic development of all our energy resources provided that a sustainable development approach. The objective would be to maximise indigenous resources and security of supply of cheap, clean energy in forms required by both the citizens of Europe and industry. Such an approach would not only facilitate an accelerated development of renewables and sustainable development of conventional energies, but would also act as a bridge to longer term solutions like hydrogen and ensure an integrated and targeted approach.

Amendment 166
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6a), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 5 (new)
 

In order to achieve sustainable development the production and management of natural resources over the whole life cycle, as in the case of energy, is a core issue. Following the EU's policy on sustainable development, the Commission's 'Communication on the non-energy extractive industry and sustainable development' and the Council's Resolution with respect to this Communication, in which the need for intensified research is identified, and in view of Enlargement and the associated environmental and social issues related to the extractive industry in these countries; intensified research in this area is required;

Justification

The accelerated development of renewables is fully supported yet will provide insufficient energy alone to meet the demand growth in the next few decades. A secure European supply is important for continued wealth creation and jobs in Europe.

Amendment 167
Annex I, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1 (new)
 

Clean energy of the future

Justification

Energy and transport are two separate important thematic areas and will therefore be dealt with in individual chapters and completed as appropriate.

Amendment 168
Annex I, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2 (new)
 

The Community’s effort in the short and medium-term will concentrate on a limited number of actions in the following areas:

Justification

Energy and transport are two separate important thematic areas and will therefore be dealt with in individual chapters and completed as appropriate.

Amendment 169
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 1 (new)
 

   renewable energy sources, energy savings and energy efficiency, especially in the urban environment and the historical and natural heritage as well as environmentally sound production and processing of renewable raw materials to replace fossil fuels and other raw materials which are in limited supply or damaging to the environment. Also, promotion of research into environmental efficiency in industrial processes to save water and energy and reduce waste;

Justification

All transport-related actions are grouped together under the new section 1.1.8 on ‘Surface transport’.

In conjunction with Amendment 28. Energy and transport are two thematic areas that are important in their own right and are therefore dealt with in separate points, and in correspondingly greater detail.

Energy saving and energy efficiency are important in rural areas too. There is no justification for confining this topic to the urban environment.

Experts consider that the Commission proposal took too little account of this field. With the right technological development, renewable raw materials could do much to alleviate environmental problems and at the same time broaden the sources of income of European agriculture.

The latest knowledge of wind energy and wind turbine technology as sustainable energy sources should be specifically mentioned in the proposal. The development of such energy sources may in the longer term help mitigate the increasing changes in the global climate.

Amendment 170
Annex I, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indents 2 to 14 (new)
 

-   wind energy,

 

-   solar energy,

 

-   solar thermal power plants,

 

-   innovative photovoltaic technologies,

 

-   geothermal energy,

 

-   biomass,

 

-   stationery fuel cells,

 

-   energy from the sea,

 

-   integration of renewable sources in network structures,

 

-   virtual power stations,

 

-   combined systems,

 

-   intelligent load management processes,

 

-   potential for the increasing use of marketing and securing the position of regeneratively produced energy.

Justification

Energy and transport are two separate important thematic areas and will therefore be dealt with in individual chapters and completed as appropriate.

Amendment 171
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 15 (new)
 

-   fossil fuels: improvement of performance and cleanliness, transport and distribution of gas and oil, energy storage, more efficient use of fossil fuels, for example, use of combined heat and power and other Distributed Generation applications.

Justification

Combined heat and power and other Distributed Generation applications have great potential to be a very efficient and environmentally sustainable power source with the ability to operate on many different fuels including renewable fuels such as biogas. Fossil fuels will continue to play an important role in European energy production. Research should continue to make heat and power production as clean as possible. Technologies for transport, distribution and storage should also be improved, as they are responsible for large-scale environmental damage.

Amendment 172
Annexe 1, chapter 1.1.6a), paragraph 2, indent 16 (new)
 

-   System for greater efficiency in primary energy sources

Justification

Efficiency has always been a priority in the European energy sector and specific focus must be applied to enhance such efficiency.

Amendment 173
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 17 (new)
 

-   Extraction and exploitation systems for reducing CO2 and other GHG emissions from coal, oil and gas

Justification

Extended efforts in this area are necessary for European research in order to reduce global emissions and achieve Kyoto targets.

Amendment 174
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 18 (new)
 

-   technologies for the production, storage and handling of hydrogen

Justification

In conjunction with Amendment 27. Energy and transport are two thematic areas that are important in their own right and are therefore to be dealt with in separate points, and in correspondingly greater detail.

In order for the use of hydrogen, an environmentally sound source of energy, to become widespread, a smooth functioning infrastructure must be developed to supply users with hydrogen. This necessitates support for the production, storage and handling of hydrogen

Amendment 175
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 19 (new)
 

-   non-obtrusive and more efficient energy transmission systems.

Justification

Power lines and pipelines disfigure the landscape, underground systems are very expensive, there can be significant losses in the transmission of most types of energy. This area could benefit from developments in environmental, energy saving and cost terms.

Amendment 176
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 20 (new)

-   

-   new concepts in wind technologies, solar technologies and advanced uses of animal and vegetable biomass of agricultural origin;

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects.

Amendment 177
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 21 (new)
 

-   geothermal energy, sea energy, hydroelectric power;.

Justification

Renewable energies will help to combat greenhouse gas emissions. Research is needed to make them more competitive. Biomass is another alternative energy with great promise for rural areas where there is intensive farming and stock-breeding. Hydro-electric power should not be omitted from the list, in view of its importance.

Amendment 178
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6a),
Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 22 (new)
 

-   improvement and use of biological resources including biotechnology for sustainable development (knowledge of biological processes that lead to reduced inputs of materials, such as fuel, fertilisers and pesticides, that remedy environmental change and optimise use of limiting resources, such as water and soil);

Justification

To promote biotechnological developments which will benefit the environment and save on scarce resources.

Amendment 179
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b, sub Title (new)
 

1.1.6b.   Sustainable development and global change

Justification

Self justifying

Amendment 180
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6b) Objective, paragraph 1

The activities carried out in this area are intended to strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be able to implement sustainable development and make a significant contribution to the international efforts to understand and control global change and preserve the equilibrium of ecosystems.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be able to implement environmentally, economically, socially and culturally sustainable development. They should enable Member States and candidate countries:

 

   to use fewer resources and thus focus on new methods of production, new safety strategies for human, animal and plant health, reuse and recycling methods,

 

   to fulfil existing and new environmental legislation with cost-efficient methods,

 

–   and make a significant contribution to the international efforts to understand and control global change and preserve the equilibrium of ecosystems.

Justification

Sustainable development needs to be explained in more detail. It means the consumption of less resources and the reuse and recycling of existing goods. Sustainable development also requires the application of existing environmental legislation. This is often expensive. The development of cost-efficient methods to clean water and combustion gases and treat waste and polluted sites is thus an important task. Sustainable development must be examined with a view to ascertaining its sustainability in all respects.

Amendment 181
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b),
Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1,indent 1

-   the design, development and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure more rational use of natural resources, less waste production and a reduction in the impact of economic activity on the environment;

-   the design, development of research into, and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure conservation and more rational use of natural resources and protection, conservation, and utilisation of historical and cultural heritage, (bearing in mind that this is a non-renewable resource), less waste and in particular hazardous waste production and a reduction in the impact of economic activity on the environment;

Justification

It should be pointed out that cultural heritage is a key resource to be tapped when developing the European model.

It is important to carry out further research on how chemicals are accumulated in the human body and the environment. Further research also needs to be conducted into the effects of persistent chemicals and combinations of chemicals as well as low-level but long lasting exposure to these chemicals. In order to undertake this research, it is of utmost importance to develop test methods which do not require animal testing and to ensure that these test methods are validated as quickly as possible..

Amendment 182
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1, indent 2

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities.

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities, and more effective methods of calculating the external costs of climate change..

Justification

Research should also be carried out into the development of firm criteria for calculating the external costs of climate change in financial terms..

Amendment 183
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), paragraph 1, Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1,indent 2a (new)
 

-   the development and dissemination of test methods and technologies to determine and reduce the effects of chemicals on humans and the environment. This includes the development and validation of non-animal testing methods, as well as the development of less hazardous substances, or processes and materials that reduce the need for hazardous substances.

Justification

It should be pointed out that cultural heritage is a key resource to be tapped when developing the European model.

It is important to carry out further research on how chemicals are accumulated in the human body and the environment. Further research also needs to be conducted into the effects of persistent chemicals and combinations of chemicals as well as low-level but long lasting exposure to these chemicals. In order to undertake this research, it is of utmost importance to develop test methods which do not require animal testing and to ensure that these test methods are validated as quickly as possible..

Amendment 184
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1, indent 2b (new)
 

-   a better understanding of the impact of globalisation of the economy on employment and the labour market.

Justification

Research on sustainability should also take account of globalisation of the economy.

Amendment 185
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6b), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 6a (new)
 

Research efforts must be coherent with other Union policies and must take account of future developments such as the reform of the common fisheries policy.

Justification

The framework programme must be coherent with the Union’s other policy areas and with forthcoming developments in those policy areas, for example in the context of the reform of the common fisheries policy.

Amendment 186
Annex 1, Justification of the effort and European added value, Chapter 1.1.6b),
paragraphs 6b, 6c and 6d (new)
 

In addition, the close ties between the environment and agriculture and forestry cannot be overlooked, since these activities occupy a large part of European territory and make direct use of natural resources. Helping to integrate agriculture, forestry and the environment would contribute to the sustainability of the European agricultural model, as well as preserving biodiversity and curbing the greenhouse effect.

 

With this in view, a three-pronged research strategy needs to be developed: first, the multifunctional role of agricultural and forestry activity must be incorporated into the various production systems as a focus for a new CAP capable of ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas; second, with a view to securing sustainable agricultural production, greater knowledge is needed of the impact of agriculture's negative externalities; lastly, appropriate political mechanisms must be devised to meet these challenges, making it possible to provide farmers with aid in return for the goods and services of public interest they provide (positive externalities), introduce new production methods that are more environment-friendly and help protect genetic resources, geared to individual production systems, improve farm waste recycling techniques, develop alternatives to existing inputs to guarantee production and combat pests and diseases, encourage techniques to combat erosion and the effects of fires and acid rain on forests and, finally, study animal welfare rules while determining the precise economic effects on farms.

 

This strategy, with the support of a detailed study of economic analyses of the impact of the Agenda 2000 reform and indicators of the multifunctional role of each production system and local, regional and Community agri-environmental indicators, must provide quantified responses and thus facilitate decision-making both by economic operators and political leaders within the framework of a new CAP.

Justification

Economic analysis is a basic and indispensable requirement in order for reliable political answers to be provided.

Amendment 187
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 8

The European Union is a party to the international agreements in the various areas associated with global change such as the Kyoto Protocol on Climate change and the UN Conventions on Biodiversity and Desertification. It has a duty to make a substantial and coherent contribution to the efforts made through the major international research programmes on these themes.

The European Union is a party to the international agreements in the various areas associated with global change such as the Kyoto Protocol on Climate change, the Montreal Protocol and the UN Conventions on Biodiversity and Desertification. It has a duty to make a substantial and coherent contribution to the efforts made through the major international research programmes on these themes.

Justification

We should not focus solely on Kyoto and disregard the previous agreements on climate research.

Amendment 188
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2

   intelligent transport, especially in the form of technologies making possible a rebalancing as well as the integration and increasing intermodality of different modes of transport, for example by means of innovations in the management of the logistic chain (in particular containers).

deleted

Justification

All transport-related actions are grouped together under the new section 1.16c on ‘Surface transport’.

Amendment 189
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

   resources and materials: intelligent resource management, durable construction, energy efficiency for buildings, recycling-friendly construction, search for alternative substances to replace dangerous substances (heavy metals, chlorinated organic compounds, etc.);

Justification

The reference to energy efficiency for buildings is prompted by the need to focus research on methods, techniques and materials to enable a long-term improvement in the energy performance of dwellings and offices. It is clear that considerable savings may be made through actions and incentives using existing technologies, but it is also true that the savings potential can be significantly increased through more modern and efficient appliances, lighting systems and consumption management systems.

All resources, not only energy resources, have to be used in a sustainable way. Research is still needed in this area.

Recent environmental legislation has focused on the need to find alternatives for dangerous substances (end-of- life vehicles Directive, phthalates in children’s toys, etc.).

Amendment 190
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2b (new)
 

-   sustainable bioproduction and biocatalysis

Justification

Biocatalysis can play an important role in achieving sustainability, because it can provide particularly favourable qualities such as a high selectivity and very mild reaction conditions.

Amendment 191
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2c (new)
 

   environmental technologies: development of effective but low-cost technologies to fulfil existing environmental legislation (e.g. purification of polluted waters from industry and municipalities, drinking- water purification, purification of waste gas, waste treatment technologies, desertification);

Justification

The European Commission constantly has to work on hundreds of infringement cases in the area of environmental law. The availability of low-cost technologies would improve this situation and help candidate countries to adapt not only their legislation, but also their practice to existing laws governing the environment.

Amendment 192
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2d (new)
 

-   further development and innovation in organic farming, in order to promote the production of healthy food;

Justification

Organic farming is the most consequent form of sustainable farming. With a view to the decision of many ministers of Member States to endorse the EU Organic Action plan last year in Copenhagen, innovation in organic farming methods should play a significant role in the framework programme

Amendment 193
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2e (new)
 

-   Agriculture and forests: quantifying the role of agriculture and forestry in the sustainable development of the various production systems and different rural areas (agricultural multifunctionality); quantifying the impact of this activity on the quality of water, soils and air under each production system; devising strategies and mechanisms within the framework of the CAP or other common policies that will make it possible to consolidate sustainable agriculture (particularly with regard to support for farmers as occupants and managers of rural areas, introduction of new production methods with greater respect for the environment and biodiversity, application of new farm waste recycling techniques, encouraging the use of alternatives to existing inputs by industry to guarantee production and combat pests and diseases, extending techniques to combat erosion and the effects of fire and acid rain on forests and, lastly, the introduction of animal welfare rules).

Justification

The recent European Council in Gothenburg recognised sustainable development as a central Community objective that must be integrated into all common policies, including the CAP. A research strategy aimed at sustainable development should help the CAP to achieve this goal, bearing in mind the significant presence of agriculture and forestry in most of the Union's territory. In the first instance, this means identifying the positive and negative externalities derived from the primary activity and then incorporating into the CAP the mechanisms that will enable agricultural multifunctionality to be established as the focus of the European agricultural model and ensure sustainable development at economic and social as well as environmental level.

Amendment 194
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2f (new)
 

-   development of effective technologies to combat desertification;

Justification

Desertification is not a waste or pollution problem and should be dealt with separately.

Amendment 195
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2g (new)
 

-   promotion of the sustainable use of renewable natural resources.

Justification

Particular attention must be paid to the sustainable exploitation of renewable natural resources instead of non-renewables.

Amendment 196
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6b), subheading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 1

-   fuel cells for stationary applications and in transport;

-   fuel cells for stationary applications, in transport and in mobile systems (mobile phones and computers and other itinerant systems);

Justification

Fuel cells are also important for mobile or itinerant systems which are being developed. Miniaturised fuel cells could provide enough power and autonomy for these systems while allowing instantaneous recharging by simply replacing a cartridge (hydrogen or methanol).

Amendment 197
Annex 1, Chapter 1, point 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 3 a and b (new)
 

–   seismic research

 

   research in vulcanology

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 198
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, action 2, paragraph 1, indent -1 (new)
 

-   improvement and use of biological resources including biotechnology for sustainable development (knowledge of biological processes that lead to reduced inputs of materials, such as fuel, fertilisers and pesticides, that remedy environmental change and optimise use of limiting resources, such as water and soil);

Justification

To promote biotechnological developments which will benefit the environment and save on scarce resources.

Amendment 199
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, Action 2, paragraph 1, indent 1

–   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate and carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil);

–   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate cultural heritage, quality of urban life and carbon sinks (oceans, forests, soil, agriculture, greenhouse gas balance and replacement of fossil carbon with renewable carbon);

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects. It is just as important for Europe to find out about the effects of greenhouse gases on natural resources as on man-made resources. Research into forestry protection (a topic of interest to the countries of northern Europe) should therefore complement scientific and technological research into protection of the cultural heritage (a topic of interest to the countries of southern Europe).

Amendment 200
Annex I, chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, action 2, paragraph 1, indent 1a (new)
 

-   chemical research into the atmosphere

Justification

The change in the earth's atmosphere should be more thoroughly investigated and understood from the point of view of the chemical processes involved so that environment protection measures can be more focused and efficient.

Amendment 201
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, action 2, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

   the sea: ecological impact studies on aquaculture, overfishing, pollution, eutrophication of peripheral seas;

Justification

Problems of aquatic ecosystems are not yet in the public eye, but they exist and should be studied before action is taken from a longer-term perspective.

Amendment 202
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, action 2, paragraph 1, indent 2b (new)
 

   new concepts for the sea: improvement of the quality of aquatic ecosystems;

Justification

Action should be taken to safeguard the fragile ecosystems of the European peripheral seas.

Amendment 203
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b) Actions envisaged, Action 2, paragraph 1, indent 3

-   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter;

-   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources and landscapes, protection of all forms of genetic inheritance and cultural heritage, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and each of the above fields; in addition, support for research to develop environmentally efficient industrial processes to save water and energy and reduce waste;

Justification

Given that Europe is anxious to protect genetic resources, it should be equally anxious to protect resources produced by human agency. Research aimed at protecting biodiversity and genetic resources (a matter of world-wide interest) will thus be complemented by scientific and technological research aimed at protecting cultural heritage, an important field in that it could help to consolidate a genuinely European identity at a time when Europe needs common points of reference in anticipation of enlargement. Furthermore, interactions with human activities are an essential point to consider in order to understand the evolution of all the fields mentioned in the indent. The reference to interaction should consequently not be confined to terrestrial and marine ecosystems only

The current FP6 proposal does not place sufficient emphasis on biological resources for sustainable development.

The aim of this key action is to generate and exploit knowledge of biological systems to benefit the quality of life through protection and improvement of the environment, including the identification and conservation of biodiversity. Biological processes can lead to reduced inputs of materials (such as fuel and fertilisers), optimise the use of limited resources (such as water and soil) and can also remediate environmental change (carbon dioxide, toxic waste), as required by the Kyoto Protocol.

Amendment 204
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, Global change, action 2, paragraph 1, indent 5

-   global climate change observation systems.

-   global climate change observation and modelling systems.

Justification

Climate change observation, which is incontestably a priority in the 6th framework programme, should go hand-in-hand with the requisite work on modelling and simulation, which will enable the effects of climate change to be predicted. Such work will require, in particular, the mobilisation of substantial computing capacity in Europe, which could be networked.

Amendment 205
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b), Actions envisaged, Action 2, paragraph 1, indent 5a (new)
 

   soil protection.

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects.

Amendment 206
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6b),Actions envisaged, Action 2 a, 'Preservation of the cultural heritage' (new)
 

"Preservation of the cultural heritage"

Conservation and utilisation of cultural heritage, in particular by developing and transferring innovative diagnostic, monitoring, and operations technologies (laser technologies, optoelectronics, illumination design, innovative conservation products) to enable cultural assets to be managed more efficiently;

Justification

The means must be provided to enable the EU’s cultural heritage to be managed more efficiently.

Amendment 207
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c, Sub-title (new)
 

1.1.6c.   Sustainable mobility in the transport sector

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 208
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c, Objective, paragraph 1 (new)
 

The activities carried out in this area are intended to optimise the integrated transport system in Europe and the candidate countries, using basic and applied research, specially in the light of the Commission's White Paper on European transport policy by 2010 adopted on 12 September, namely through the integration of sustainable development and safety, the integration of the various modes (i.e. intermodality) and the integration at European level of the individual Member States’ transport systems (interoperability) in order to contribute to and bring about more economic, efficient, socially relevant, comfortable, safe and environmentally sound mobility and transport.

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 209
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1 (new)
 

Justification of the effort and European added value

 

Emphasis will be placed on European rail systems (Single European Rail System) for both passengers and freight, combined with other connected sustainable modes including inland waterways and transport by sea, as stated in the European public-transport policy. The introduction of more sustainable mobility and transport systems will in particular be based on:

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 210
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1, indent 1 (new)
 

-   the integration of sustainable development (see Article 6 of the Treaty): the reduction of noise and harmful gases (both local and regional) in the interests of the environment and human health by means of socio-economic techniques and approaches relating to mobility and transport in Europe, in order to prevent or reduce external environmental costs.

 

It would include research for:

 

new vehicle concepts in particular for road transport and urban transport;

 

novel propulsion systems, fuel cells and alternative motor fuels adapted to transport;

 

advanced design and production techniques leading to improved quality, safety, reliability, recyclability, weight reduction, comfort and cost-effectiveness of transport systems and vehicles.

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).Transport is one of the most important areas of sustainability. Further significant savings can be made in this field through the use of ICT and new energy sources such as fuel cells. In addition, through other logistical arrangements involving intelligent applications it is possible to make better use of the various means of public transport and to improve safety. This represents a spearhead of the 6th framework programme

Amendment 211
Annex I., Chapter 1.1.6c, Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1, indent 2 (new)
 

-   safety, security, and accessibility for persons with reduced mobility: support to enable new techniques and socio-psychological expertise to be devised and developed regarding the safety, security, and accessibility of mobility and surface transport in order to foster a stronger safety and security culture within the systems and avert the social and external costs incurred in accidents;

Justification

In the area of surface transport, it is fundamental that research on safety and security should include issues relating to the accessibility of persons with reduced mobility, such as disabled people, the elderly, and adults with children…).

Amendment 212
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1, indent 3 (new)
 

-   intermodality: making the rail network and its intermodal connections in Europe (hard- and software techniques for connection and transfer hubs and points) more efficient for the general public, so as to provide a better alternative to more congested forms of mobility and transport;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 213
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1, indent 4 (new)
 

-   interoperability: increasing the effectiveness of cross-border mobility and transport links by contributing to new techniques which are more compatible and less costly to industries and operators and, ultimately, to European consumers. The European added value is obvious in this case because cross-border problems can be resolved only by joint action;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 214
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.6c), Justification of the effort and European added value
paragraph 1, indent 5 (new)
 

–   ore prone to congestion;

new approaches to high speed trains: signalling, adapting to intermodality, distributed traction, adjusting to track gauges, noise reduction and environmental impact, etc. …

Justification

The approach to surface transport in the draft sixth framework programme is not sufficiently coordinated. The different aspects of the subject ought, therefore, to be grouped together in a single section.

Europe, together with Japan, has the most advanced high-speed train technology. This advantage should be exploited and maintained through further research, and will also provide an opportunity to gain access to many international markets (e.g. the United States).

Amendment 215
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1 (new)
 

Sustainable development

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 216
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1 (new)
 

-   avoidance and reduction of transport: new mobility management and transport logistics systems, study of the interplay between urban development, regional planning policy, housing policy and transport, decoupling transport growth from economic growth;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 217
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2 (new)
 

-   develop fair and efficient transport charging for all transport modes (road, rail, water, air) to an application level, focussing on European interoperable charging, external costs and contractual/institutional aspects;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 218
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3 (new)
 

-   carry out complete economic, environmental and social impact assessments for sustainable transport policies and plans, taking into account existing instruments and methodologies (e.g. developed within the TERM);

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 219
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 4 (new)
 

-   more effective techniques for reducing gas and noise emissions, including cost-effectiveness studies;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 220
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 5 (new)
 

   manufacture of environment-friendly motor vehicles, railway coaches and other vehicles, as well as recycling of materials to be used in manufacture and refurbishment;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 221
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 6 (new)
 

-   Vehicle research in order to increase the competitiveness of the industry

Justification

The above paragraph is intended to ensure compliance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of Industry of 5 December 2000 under the French Presidency on facilitating the access of shipbuilding to research aid.

Amendment 222
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 7 (new)
 

-   study of the effects of E-commerce on transport, and in particular on means of transport and routes, changes in the volume of traffic, traffic concentration, transport management and new logistics approaches;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 223
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 8 (new)
 

-   development of new user-friendlier and more energy-efficient approaches to the sustainable development of towns and cities and urban areas.

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 224
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2 (new)
 

Intermodality and interoperability

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 225
Annex I, Section 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 1 (new)
 

-   development of systems approaches to promote and improve intermodality;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 226
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 2 (new)
 

-   strategies to link different modes of transport and national transport systems to form an integrated, sustainable, pan‑European transport system;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 227
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 3 (new)
 

-   systems for integrating information, reservations and pricing, better access and connections in urban areas and cross-border regions (train-tram-bus-car sharing-taxi-bicycle etc.);

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 228
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 4 (new)
 

-   less expensive systems for combined (bimodal-horizontal) goods transport and the standardisation/harmonisation thereof within a trans-European network;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 229
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 5 (new)
 

   intelligent traffic management and intelligent transport systems for all modes of transport, and in particular intelligent rail transport with a European telematics network to link rail transport management and innovative technologies to integrate different modes of transport (for passengers and goods, urban transport, etc.);

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 230
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 6 (new)
 

-   new forms of intermodal interoperability (harmonised plane-train booking and ticketing, etc.);

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 231
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 7 (new)
 

-   development of new approaches to cost reduction through the interoperability of passenger and goods transport signalling and electrification (etc.) systems.

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 232
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3 (new)
 

Safety

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 233
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 1 (new)
 

-   technical and socio-psychological research and developments relating to accident risks and improvements to the climate of safety in mobility systems;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 234
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 2 (new)
 

-   global safety analysis and harmonised validation system for safety assessment;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 235
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 3 (new)
 

   development of automated systems to check speed, weight, journey time, etc., to enable the existing laws on these points to be enforce;

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 236
Annex I, chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 4 (new)
 

-   safety systems for vehicles, road users and infrastructure, including preventative, active and passive safety solutions and post crash assistance.

Justification

Emphasises the need to find practical ways of improving safety, especially for pedestrians and cyclists.

Amendment 237
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.6c), Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 5 (new)
 

-   new materials and construction methods for efficient and safe transport systems;

Justification

New materials and methods of construction could enhance efficiency and safety in transport.

Amendment 238
ANNEX 1, Chapter 1.1.7, Title

Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society

Citizens, democracy, social and political institutions

Justification

Self justifying

Amendment 239
Annex I, chapter 1.1.7., Objective, paragraph 1

The activities carried out in this area are intended to mobilise in a coherent effort, in all their wealth and diversity, European research capacities in economic, political, social and human sciences with a view to understanding and addressing issues related to the emergence of the knowledge‑based society and new forms of relationships between its citizens and institutions.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to mobilise in a coherent effort, all the wealth and diversity of the research capacities of the Member States and the candidate countries in economic, political, social and human sciences as disciplines in their own right that are required for the development of individuals and for understanding European societies and European integration. They must be able to pinpoint the challenges facing society, and in particular those that relate to the emergence of the knowledge‑based society and new forms of relationships between its citizens, on the one hand, and between its citizens and institutions, on the other hand.

Justification

Given the prospect of the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union, a uniformly structured European research area must be set up. It is therefore important specifically to mention the candidate countries in each of the priority thematic fields.

The human and social sciences (history, philosophy, geography, sociology, psychology, linguistics, legal sciences, etc.) are a necessary part of political and cultural integration in a Europe which, besides being the home of industrial and technological innovation, is the place in which hundreds of millions of European citizens live, speak, interact and travel. These sciences should be included as fully-fledged disciplines under the sixth framework research programme and as a field of research with high added value in the process of establishing a European Research Area.

Exchanges in the area of research must not be confined to relations between citizens and institutions but should provide an opportunity for strengthening contacts among citizens themselves.

Amendment 240
Annex I., Chapter 1.1.7., Subsection, Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 3

Europe’s transition towards a knowledge-based economy and society, and its sustainable development in the interests of the quality of life of all citizens will be all the easier if it takes place in a way which is properly understood and managed. This requires a substantial research effort concerning the issues of integrated and sustainable economic and social progress based on the fundamental values of justice and solidarity which characterise the European model of society. In this respect, economic, political, social and human sciences research should more particularly help to ensure the harnessing and exploitation of an exponentially increasing quantity of information and knowledge and an understanding of the processes at work in this area.

Europe’s transition towards a knowledge-based economy and society, and its sustainable development in the interests of the quality of life of all citizens, will be all the easier if it takes place in a way which is properly understood and managed. Furthermore, small and very small undertakings are important vehicles of and one of the principal motors for a knowledge-based society and economy. Research should allow these undertakings to be studied together with the characteristics of future developments for small undertakings and entrepreneurs. This requires a substantial research effort concerning the issues of integrated and sustainable economic and social progress based on the fundamental values of justice and solidarity which characterise the European model of society. In this respect, economic, political, social, and human sciences research should more particularly help to ensure the harnessing and exploitation of an exponentially increasing quantity of information and knowledge and an understanding of the processes at work in this area.

Justification

Particular attention should be given in the context of quality of life measures to improving the status of more vulnerable social groups such as disabled people, low income people and elderly people; those groups which are particularly marginalised in a knowledge based society.

Several of the courses of action proposed concerning the knowledge-based society, citizenship and governance directly concern small undertakings and very small undertakings, including as regards enlargement. A better understanding of these undertakings is necessary at European level in order to direct Community policies so as to strengthen the economic and employment capacities of these undertakings. Particular attention should be given in the context of quality of life measures to improve the status of more vulnerable social groups such as disabled people, low income people and elderly people; those groups which are particularly marginalised in a knowledge-based society.

Amendment 241
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7., : Actions envisaged, action 1, title

Knowledge-based society

Knowledge-based European society and social cohesion

Justification

The addition of 'European' makes this more focused. The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 242
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.7, Actions envisaged, action 1, indent 1
 

Research with reference to the objectives set by the Lisbon European Council and subsequent Councils, and with reference to the objectives of the social policy agenda, in particular:

-   improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe;

Improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe, life-long learning and gearing the education systems to the educational requirements of the future;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 243
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.7, Actions envisaged, action 1, indent 2

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge‑based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

Research in the field of employment and labour market policies

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered

Amendment 244
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.7, Actions envisaged, Action 1, indent 3

-   variety of transition dynamics towards the knowledge‑based society at local, national and regional level.

-   variety of transition dynamics towards the knowledge‑based society at local, national and regional level, and in line with sustainable development;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 245
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7., Actions envisaged, action 1, , indents 3a (new)
 

-   The social impact of the development of a knowledge-based society

Justification

This description gives a more detailed specification for the targeting of research.

Amendment 246
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7., Actions envisaged, action 1, , indents 3b (new)
 

-   The variety of paths towards a knowledge-based society.

Justification

This description gives a more detailed specification for the targeting of research.

Amendment 247
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7., Actions envisaged, action 2, title

Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance

Citizens, democracy, social and political institutions

Justification

The new title gives a better description of the target groups at which the research is aimed.

Amendment 248
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.7., Actions Envisaged, Action 2, indent 1

–   -consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions;

-   consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions, together with an analysis of economic and social change in society in the Member States and the applicant countries;

Justification

This amendment seeks to stimulate and support research into economic, social, demographic and cultural change in respect of enlargement and European integration.

Amendment 249
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.7, Actions envisaged, Action 2, indent 3a (new)
 

-   safeguard of fundamental rights and improved cooperation between the European Union and the Member States in the area of justice and home affairs;

Justification

The aim of this amendment is to achieve a balance between the Actions envisaged: the foreign affairs aspect concerning security must be counterbalanced by a home affairs aspect concerning issues coming within home affairs and the observance of fundamental rights.

Amendment 250
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.7. Actions envisaged, action 2, indent 4a (new)
 

   the cities of tomorrow and their cultural, artistic, archaeological and historical

heritage in the context of development of

the knowledge-based society.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 251
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.7, Actions envisaged, Action 2, indent 4b (new)
 

-   urban and regional management for the conservation of cultural and natural resources.

Amendment 252
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7. Actions envisaged, action 2, indent 4c (new)
 

-   The implications of European integration and enlargement for governance and the citizen.

Justification

This description gives a more detailed specification for the targeting of research.

Amendment 253
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7. Actions envisaged, action 2, indent 4d (new)
 

-   New forms of citizenship, identities and consequences for governance

Justification

This description gives a more detailed specification for the targeting of research.

Amendment 254
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.7. Actions envisaged, action 2 a, paragraph 1 and indent 1-2 (new)
 

Understanding Europe: its history, its peoples and its cultural heritage

 

-   Evolution of European social and political thought and institutions

 

-   Unity and diversity of European culture. European contributions to world civilisation

Justification

Europe's cultural heritage makes Europe a unique phenomenon. Its strength lies in its unity and diversity. This must also be an area covered by the 6th framework programme.

Amendment 255
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.7., Actions Envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 1a (new)
 

–   disciplinary and inter-disciplinary seminars of academics and experts;

Justification

The insight shared by European academics and experts with regard to similar problem issues will mean that meetings between them result in joint approaches.

Amendment 256
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.7., Actions Envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 3

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures, institutes and academic centres, as well as data and knowledge bases.

Justification

Institutes and academic research centres have a key role to play in developing research, above all in the social sciences.

Amendment 257
ANNEX 1, Chapter ex-1.2 = 1.1.8 (new), Title

1.   2 Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs

1.1.   8 Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs

Justification

Self justifying

Amendment 258
Annex 1, chapter 1.1.8, Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs
paragraph 1, indent 2

-   respond flexibly and rapidly to emerging scientific and technological needs and major unforeseeable developments, as well as needs appearing at the frontiers of knowledge, more specifically in multithematic and interdisciplinary areas, including areas linked to the priority areas.

-   respond flexibly and rapidly to emerging scientific and technological needs and major unforeseeable developments, as well as needs appearing at the frontiers of knowledge, such as in multithematic and interdisciplinary areas, including areas linked to the priority areas.

Justification

Self-justifying.

Amendment 259
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.8.1, paragraph 1, indent 1, subindent 1a (new)
 

-   specifically, in the agricultural sector the emphasis should be on the following objectives: analysing the foreseeable impact on the competitiveness of the European agri-foodstuffs sector and on the management of the CAP of enlargement to the East, the development of the WTO framework, preferential trade agreements and international environment agreements, as a first step towards studying possible measures to be taken in response; defining a conceptual framework and more suitable mechanisms for incorporating the multifunctional dimension of agriculture into the CAP; defining a conceptual framework and more appropriate mechanisms for establishing links between agriculture and forestry and the environment and guaranteeing sustainable development; defining a conceptual framework and more appropriate mechanisms for ensuring integrated and sustainable development of rural areas from the economic and social point of view; developing new forms of health and plant health protection, and animal welfare;

Justification

Because of its importance in the budget and development of the European Community, full details should be given of the backup research needed in future for the CAP, at a time when it is being reformed in order to meet new and growing commercial, environmental and health requirements.

Amendment 260
Annex 1, Chapter 1.1.8.1, paragraph 1, indent 1, subindent 1b (new)
 

   particularly the development of approaches and technologies which accord with the changing value and functions which society assigns to agriculture and food production, and research into such animal diseases as foot-and-mouth disease and swine fever and particularly the development of marker vaccines;

Justification

The Commission proposal must be supplemented by further emphasising the importance of research into changes in the food chain and its social context. Research into animal diseases is extremely important.

Amendment 261
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.8.1., paragraph 1, indent 1, subindent 4

-   research necessary for other Community or EU policies in areas such as, for example, health, in particular public health, regional development, trade, external relations and development aid or justice and home affairs;

-   research necessary for other Community or EU policies in areas such as, for example, health, in particular public health, regional development, trade, external relations and development aid or justice and home affairs and the development of defence and security policy in Europe in connection with the shaping of the European Research Area;

Justification

In the European Parliament's resolution on the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions entitled 'Making a reality of the European Research Area: Guidelines for EU research activities (2002-2006)' the European Parliament established that there was a need for greater attention to be paid to the development of defence and security policy in Europe. The act of terrorism in the USA have made it clear that there is a need to strengthen close European or international cooperation in the combating of international crime. The EU must therefore guarantee funds for research in this field in order to be able to react appropriately at international level.

Amendment 262
Annex I, Chapter 1.2.1., paragraph 1, indent 1
subindent 4a (new)
 

-   Research relating to the needs of disabled people and means to ensure their full and equal inclusion in society; to enhance the quality of life and independence of disabled people

Justification

Research at national level into rare diseases is often scarce and scattered. It is necessary to coordinate efforts and promote cooperation at European level in order to achieve results in this area.

Amendment 263
Annex 1, Chapter 1.2.1, paragraph 1, indent 2

–   research that responds to needs in new, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary areas or areas at the leading edge of knowledge, especially in order to help European research cope with unexpected major developments, including in areas linked to the priority fields.

–   research that responds to needs in new, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary areas or areas at the leading edge of knowledge, especially in order to help European research cope with unexpected major developments, unexpected contingencies and emergencies, including in areas linked to the priority fields.

Justification

Unexpected contingencies and emergencies can require a prompt reaction in terms of specific research, which can be more easily carried out through agile instruments such as targeted projects on a limited scale or networking of research activities at national level.

Amendment 264
Annex I, Chapter 1.2.1, paragraph 2, indent 2

-   The choice of research topics, areas and subjects will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users, taking account of the opinion of an independent consultative body made up of high-level scientific and industrial experts.

-   The choice of research topics, areas and subjects will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users, subject to ratification by the European Council and Parliament in a simplified procedure to be established.

Justification

Although the need for flexibility and the ability to respond in a crisis are appreciated, the Commission's proposal would lead to a total lack of transparency and the possibility of undue influence by a small body of vested interests. It is essential, therefore, that proposals are made which involve the legislators (Council and Parliament), possibly in an accelerated procedure. The Commission should bring forward new suggestions forthwith.

Amendment 265
Annex 1, Chapter 1.2.1, paragraph 3, indent 1, paragraph 3

These actions, which may be carried out in the entire field of science and technology, will take the form of:

These actions may be carried out in the entire field of science and technology.

Justification

Craft has established its position as the project type favoured by SMEs which helps to promote research-business cooperation, and tends to carry ordinary SMEs (technology followers) along with it into systematic product development, thus strengthening the technology basis and competitiveness of European industry. It would therefore be logical for the share allocated to Craft to head the list of activities and at the same time for the budget for the programme as a whole to be increased in relation to the increased share for SMEs (10% in the 5th FP and 15% in the 6th FP) or at least to be kept the same. On collective research it would be sensible to be more cautious.

SMEs still need help in the planning of projects. Exploratory funding is a concrete stimulus to proper preparation. The Commission’s difficulties in administering grants of particularly small sums could be solved by streamlining the selection procedure and contract negotiations concerning preparation projects.

Amendment 266
Annex I, Chapter 1.2.1., paragraph 3, indent 1, paragraph 3, subindent 2

-   Cooperative research activities

-   Cooperative research activities

Research activities carried out by research centres for a number of SMEs in different European countries on themes of common interest or by high‑tech SMEs in collaboration with research centres and universities;

 

Justification

The 'specific research activities for SMEs' and 'research and innovation' activities laid down in the chapter entitled 'Structuring research' should be incorporated in a single programme, which would rationalise and improve the synergism between the various instruments.

Amendment 267
Annex I, Chapter 1.2.1., paragraph 3, indent 1, paragraph 3, subindent 2a (new)
 

-   Economic and technological intelligence activities (analyses of technological developments, applications and markets and processing and dissemination of information which may help researchers, entrepreneurs and in particular SMEs, and investors in their decision making);

Justification

The 'specific research activities for SMEs' and 'research and innovation' activities laid down in the chapter entitled 'Structuring research' should be incorporated in a single programme, which would rationalise and improve the synergism between the various instruments.

Amendment 268
Annex I, Chapter 1.2.1., paragraph 3, indent 1, paragraph 3, subindent 2c (new)
 

-   Actions to experiment with new tools and new approaches concerning technological innovation;

Justification

The 'specific research activities for SMEs' and 'research and innovation' activities laid down in the chapter entitled 'Structuring research' should be incorporated in a single programme, which would rationalise and improve the synergism between the various instruments.

Amendment 269
Annex 1, chapter 1.2.2, paragraph 3

The JRC will carry out these activities in close cooperation and by networking with scientific circles, national research organisations and businesses in Europe.

The JRC will carry out these activities in close cooperation and by networking with scientific circles, national research organisations and businesses in Europe. In addition, the JRC can participate in other activities under the present framework programme. In particular, where appropriate, JRC's institutes can be part of networks of excellence in priority thematic areas.

Justification

As in FP4 and in FP5, the JRC should be allowed to participate in indirect actions. This participation is essential for the JRC: it increases its networking, facilitates its exchange of knowledge with national R&D establishment and is also a kind of benchmarking exercise.

Amendment 270
Annex 1, Chapter 1.2.2., paragraph 5, indent 2

Climate change (carbon cycle, modelling, impacts) and technologies for sustainable development (renewable energy sources, tools for the integration of policies); protection of the European environment; development of reference measurements and networks; technical support for the objectives of GMES.

Climate change (carbon cycle, modelling, impacts) and technologies for sustainable development (renewable energy sources, tools for the integration of policies); improvement of air quality; protection of the European environment; development of reference measurements and networks; technical support for the objectives of GMES.

Justification

Necessary addition.

Amendment 271
Annexe I, chapter 2.1., objective

These activities are intended to stimulate technological innovation, utilisation of research results, transfer of knowledge and technologies and the setting up of technology businesses in the Community and in all its regions.

These activities are intended to stimulate technological innovation, utilisation of research results, transfer of knowledge and technologies and the setting up of technology businesses in the Community and in all its regions, particularly the less developed ones.

Justification

This amendment stresses the great importance of the promotion of innovation and technologies for the less developed regions of the Union. The promotion of new technologies in those regions will contribute to reducing the disparities with more prosperous regions.

Amendment 272
Annex 1, Section 2.1., Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1

Europe’s comparatively poor ability to transform the results of research work and scientific and technological breakthroughs into industrial, economic and commercial successes, is one of its most notable weaknesses. Actions to stimulate business innovation at European level can help to raise the overall level of Europe’s performance and increase European capacities in this area, by helping businesses and innovators in their efforts to operate on a European scale and on international markets, and by giving stakeholders in all regions of the EU the benefit of the experience and knowledge acquired in other regions through initiatives undertaken at this level.

Europe’s comparatively poor ability to transform the results of research work and scientific and technological breakthroughs into industrial, economic and commercial successes, is one of its most notable weaknesses. Actions to stimulate business innovation at European level can help to raise the overall level of Europe’s performance and increase European capacities in this area, by helping businesses and innovators in their efforts to operate on a European scale and on international markets, and by giving stakeholders in all regions of the EU the benefit of the experience and knowledge acquired in other regions through initiatives undertaken at this level. Activities supported in the field of research and innovation should ensure user involvement in the development of innovations.

Justification

A weakness of former EU research programmes has been low level of user participation in the projects supported by the programmes. In recent years the principle of user involvement has started to become a reality and an accepted approach in research and development work; this positive shift in thinking should be reflected in the new framework programme.

For the results of research and development to have effective practical application, it must be acknowledged that user involvement is essential. Users know best what their needs are and which new products and services they can most benefit from in practice.

Amendment 273
Annex I, Chapter 2.1., Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 1

-   networking of stakeholders in the European innovation system and carrying out analyses and studies in order to promote exchanges of experience and good practice;

-   networking of stakeholders and users in the European innovation system and carrying out analyses and studies in order to promote exchanges of experience and good practice;

Justification

A weakness of former EU research programmes has been low level of user participation in the projects supported by the programmes. In recent years the principle of user involvement has started to become a reality and an accepted approach in research and development work; this positive shift in thinking should be reflected in the new framework programme.

For the results of research and development to have effective practical application, it must be acknowledged that user involvement is essential. Users know best what their needs are and which new products and services they can most benefit from in practice.

Amendment 274
Annex I, Chapter 2.1., Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 1a (new)
 

-   encouragement of inter- and multi-disciplinary research by promoting research projects in which research establishments of different disciplines from various Member States take part.

Justification

Almost every research area is based on the research findings of other disciplines. Innovations in one field often stimulate innovations in other fields (for example inventions can only be made in the field of biotechnology thanks to very modern information technology). Multi-disciplinary research at European level should be encouraged in order to bring together experts from all Member States and disciplines.

Amendment 275
Annex 1, Chapter 2.1, Actions envisaged, paragraph 3, indent 2

–   actions to encourage trans-regional cooperation regarding innovation and support for the setting-up of technology businesses, as well as for the preparation of regional strategies in this area;

–   actions to encourage trans-regional cooperation regarding innovation and support for the setting-up of technology businesses, as well as for the preparation of regional and trans-regional strategies in this area;

Justification

The trans-regional dimension needs to be stressed.

Amendment 276
Annexe I, Chapter 2.1., Actions envisaged, paragraph 4

Some of these activities will be carried out in liaison with those of the EIB (in particular by means of the EIF) under its "Innovation 2000 Initiative" as well as the Structural Funds.

Some of these activities will be carried out in liaison with those of the EIB (in particular by means of the EIF) under its "Innovation 2000 Initiative" as well as in coordination with Structural Funds measures in this field.

Justification

Structural Fund measures should be coordinated with actions under the framework programme rather than conducted separately.

Amendment 277
Annex 1, Chapter 2.2., Objective

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to support the development of abundant world class human resources in all the regions of the Community by promoting transnational mobility for training purposes, the development of expertise or the transfer of knowledge, in particular between different sectors; supporting the development of excellence; and helping to make Europe more attractive to third country researchers. This should be done with the aim of making the most of the potential offered by all sectors of the population, especially women, taking appropriate measures for this purpose

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to support the development of abundant world class human resources in all the regions of the Community by promoting transnational mobility for training purposes, the development of expertise or the transfer of knowledge, in particular between different sectors; creating a European Higher Education Area; supporting the development of excellence; and helping to make Europe more attractive to third country researchers. This should be done with the aim of making the most of the potential offered by all sectors of the population, especially women, taking appropriate measures for this purpose

Justification

Success demands a strong link between the European Research Area and the Bologna process to create a European Higher Education Area. This link should be exploited in order to make a contribution to the creation of a European knowledge society.

Amendment 278
Annex I, Chapter 2.2., Justification of the effort and European added value,
paragraph 1a (new)
 

Particular attention will be focused on:

 

-   the involvement of women in all actions and appropriate measures geared towards achieving a fairer gender balance in research;

 

-   the personal circumstances linked to mobility, especially family circumstances, the status of researchers and career development and recognition at European level;

 

-   training in the languages and cultures of the countries concerned.

Justification

These aspects of human resources and mobility policy tie in with EU objectives.

Amendment 279
Annex 1, Chapter 2.2, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2

–   individual support measures for European researchers for the purpose of mobility to another European or third country, and for top-class third-country researchers wishing to come to Europe;

–   individual support measures for European researchers for the purpose of mobility to another European or third country, and for top-class third-country researchers wishing to come to Europe, such as adequate grant schemes and tax breaks on items and services making it easier to stay in the new country (i.e. house, car, etc.) and go back periodically to the country of origin; given the inequality of representation of women in science, the participation of women must be encouraged;

Justification

In order to facilitate mobility of researchers, adequate and economically attractive grant schemes are necessary in addition to fiscal exemption provided by the host country.

Women are still underrepresented in science in general and the European research programmes in particular and should thus be encouraged to participate.

Amendment 280
Annex I, Chapter 2.2, Sub-heading Actions envisaged,
paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

-   in particular four-year fellowships for post-doctoral students, in order to attract these researchers to Europe.

Justification

Another means of promoting mobility amongst researchers is a good idea, all forms of exchange being desirable. Experience has shown that European research establishments benefit greatly when there are attractive conditions for coming to the EU for post-doctoral students from all over the world.

Amendment 281
Annex 1, Chapter 2.2, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3

–   mechanisms for return to the countries and regions of origin, as well as professional (re-)integration mechanisms, in particular linked to the granting of global and individual support;

–   mechanisms for return to the countries and regions of origin, as well as professional (re-)integration mechanisms, including, where necessary, modifications of rules regulating the careers of researchers in the Member States, in order to clearly and significantly account for periods spent in European or third countries;

Justification

One crucial aspect of professional reintegration of researchers is career progression in the institution of origin. Researchers who have carried out research in other European or third countries must not be penalised in their career in their institution of origin. This must be guaranteed by specific modifications in the mechanism of career progression.

Amendment 282
Annex I, section 2.2, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 4a (new)
 

-   supporting mobility not only for individuals but also for research teams. Also, in order to promote the careers of women researchers, aid to assist the relocation of family members, particularly to include up-and-coming young researchers.

Justification

Self-explanatory.

Amendment 283
Annex 1, Chapter 2.3, Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1

The development of a European approach with regard to research infrastructures, and the carrying out of activities in this area at EU level, can make a significant contribution to boosting research potential and its exploitation: by helping to ensure wider access to the infrastructures existing in the different Member States and increasing the complementarity of the facilities in place; by promoting the development or establishment of infrastructures ensuring a service on a European scale, as well as optimum construction choices in European terms and in terms of regional technological development.

The development of a European approach with regard to research infrastructures, and the carrying out of activities in this area at EU level, can make a significant contribution to boosting research potential and its exploitation: by helping to ensure wider access to the infrastructures existing in the different Member States and increasing the complementarity of the facilities in place; by promoting the development or establishment of infrastructures ensuring a service on a European scale, as well as optimum construction choices in European terms and in terms of regional technological development; and by enabling infrastructures to develop at regional and trans-regional level, as is essential in order to establish a European Research Area.

Justification

The regional and trans-regional dimensions should be stressed.

Amendment 284
Annex I, Chapter 2.3., Actions Envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3a (new)
 

-   promoting a European digital campus to expand distance learning;

Justification

Virtual infrastructure, particularly in the field of training, is set to expand in the future.

Amendment 285
Annex 1, Chapter 2.3, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 4a (new)
 

-   development of public and private institutions to encourage the return of European researchers who have temporarily emigrated from the Union.

Justification

The brain-drain from Europe is a reality, as shown by a recent study (The mobility of university researchers – JRC/EPTS-ESTO). The development of public and private institutions might help researchers to return and European research to develop by improving competitiveness.

Amendment 286
Annex 1, Chapter 2.3. Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 4b (new)
 

-   Setting-up of a statistical and legislative Observatory within the Commission's DG for Research to monitor and optimise researchers' mobility and to assess proposals to help the return of European Union researchers who have temporarily emigrated from the Union.

 

The Observatory will also monitor the mobility of researchers from the applicant countries with a view to the enlargement of the Union.

Justification

It is essential to set up an observatory in order to solve the problem of researchers' mobility. In this field, as shown by a recent study ('The mobility of university researchers - JRC/EPTS-ESTO') Europe must make more progress in improving competitiveness and creating a European Research Area.

Amendment 287
Annex 1, Chapter 2.4., Objective

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of innovation in Europe as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers and citizens.

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of society to innovation in Europe, as well as contributing to critical thinking by scientists in response to concerns in society, as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers, major social groups and citizens.

Justification

It is important that society should be open to innovation, but equally important that scientists should be responsive to public concern in a spirit of self-criticism. Major social groups should participate in the dialogue.

Amendment 288
Annex 1, Chapter 2.4., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1b (new)
 

-   Analysis and encouragement of good practice in the application of the precautionary principle in various fields of political decision-making and in the assessment, overcoming and publication of uncertainties and risks.

Justification

The precautionary principle is a major priority of the European Parliament; therefore it should be mentioned in a separate indent. The rapporteur’s proposals are largely based on the proposals by the Commission for the specific research programme (cf. p. 114 of the specific programmes implementing the Framework Programme 2002-2006 for research, technological development and demonstration activities as a contribution to the European Research Area).

Amendment 289
Annex 1, Chapter 2.4., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

This is intended to ensure that the rapid progress of science accords with the ethical values of the majority of people in Europe.

Justification

Ethics is a major priority of the European Parliament. The rapporteur’s proposals are largely based on the proposals by the Commission for the specific research programme (cf. p. 114 of the specific programmes implementing the Framework Programme 2002-2006 for research, technological development and demonstration activities as a contribution to the European Research Area).

In the specific programme, the Commission states that it is necessary to ensure that the rapid progress of science accords with the ethical values of all Europeans. The rapporteur does not consider this realistic, as there are extreme groups which reject all scientific research and to which, therefore, all research is incompatible with ethical principles. However, the aim should be to ensure that research is compatible with the ethical principles of most Europeans. In other words, if a technology meets with fundamental resistance from a large section of the public, the population group’s objections must be taken into account. Specific mention should be made of important groups within civil society in this point.

Amendment 290
Annexe I, Chapter 2.4. Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2b (new)
 

-   Revision of patent legislation in order to reduce the burden of the cost of patents on products of general use such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnologies;

Justification

The advisability of revising the legislation on patents should be assessed, in order to reduce their burden on the costs of products of general use.

Amendment 291
Annex 1, Chapter 2.4., Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3

-   Stepping up the science/society dialogue: new forms of dialogue; knowledge of science by citizens; young people's interest in scientific careers; women in science and research.

-   Stepping up the science/society dialogue: new forms of dialogue with the participation of environmental associations, patients’ organisations and religious communities; knowledge of science by citizens; young people's interest in scientific careers; women in science and research.

Justification

In the specific programme, the Commission states that it is necessary to ensure that the rapid progress of science accords with the ethical values of all Europeans. The rapporteur does not consider this realistic, as there are extreme groups which reject all scientific research and to which, therefore, all research is incompatible with ethical principles. However, the aim should be to ensure that research is compatible with the ethical principles of most Europeans. In other words, if a technology meets with fundamental resistance from a large section of the public, the population group’s objections must be taken into account

Specific mention should be made of important groups within civil society in this point.

Amendment 292
Annex 1, Chapter 2.4, Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 3a (new)
 

-   promotion of the role and situation of women so as to enrich research and scientific and technological products at all decision-making and implementing stages and with regard to measures introducing prizes and competitions.

Justification

A special effort must be made to encourage women to dedicate themselves to scientific and technological research. There are still too few of them despite the fact that their involvement would enrich the research and development enlarged upon in the Sixth PRD.

Amendment 293
Annex 1, Chapter 2.4, heading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 2, indent 5a (new)
 

-   Measures to include citizens in the scientific and technological debate at regional, municipal or local authority level along the lines of a 'citizens' forum' or 'consensus-making conference';

Justification

This measure is intended to ensure increased acceptance of new technologies in Europe in particular at the grass-roots and that the responsibility for those technologies is borne jointly by society (for example, by explaining the health risks connected with mobile telephones).

Amendment 294
Annex 1, Part 3, Objective

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to step up the coordination and to support the coherent development of research and innovation‑stimulation policies and activities in Europe.

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to step up the coordination and to support the coherent development of research and innovation‑stimulation policies and activities in Europe. To that end proper coordination between research policy on the one hand, and the education systems of the Member States on the other, is essential.

Justification

Given that the Lisbon objective cannot be achieved solely by Community action or the activities of individuals, but only by complementary coordination between the research activities of the Union and the Member States, as well as by proper coordination between policy on research, development and technological renewal and the education systems of the Member States.

Amendment 295
Annex II, chapter1, maximum overall amount, respective shares and indicative breakdown

1)   Integrating research

12 770

1)   Integrating research

13 195

Genomics and biotechnology for health 2000

Life sciences for Health and safety 2500

b)   Genomics and biotechnology for global health and welfare

1300

a)   The major diseases
1200** of which:
€400 m cancer research
€400 m HIV, TBC and malaria

Information Society technologies 3600

Information Society technologies 3950 (3 600 + 350 GEANT)

Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, new production processes 1300

Nanotechnologies and new processes of production of advanced materials
1300

Aeronautics and space 1000

Aeronautics and space 1000

Food safety and health risks 600

Food quality, safety and health risks and health improvement 650

Sust. Development and global change 1700

Energy, sust. development, biodiversity and global change 1975

Energy 700

Sustainable dev. etc 675

Transport 600

Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society 225

Citizens, democracy, social and political institutions
270

Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs 2345

Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs 1550

CRAFT 400

JRC 725

Anticipating etc. 425

2)   Structuring Eur. Research Area

3050

2)   Structuring Eur. Research Area

2725

Research and innovation 300

Research and innovation 250

Human resources 1800

Human resources/International activities 1900

Research infrastructures 900

Research infrastructures

475

Science/society 50

Science/society 100

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area 450

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area 350

Support coordination of activities 400

Support coordination of activities 300*

Support coherent development of policies 50

Support coherent development of policies 50

TOTAL 16270

TOTAL 16270

Justification

The ‘Genomics and biotechnology’ heading is increased because this category comprises two parts. Within this heading, € 400 m is reserved for cancer research, in order to carry out transnational research coordinated at EU level.

Another € 400 m has been reserved for diseases like AIDS, TBC and malaria

The ‘Information Society Technology’ heading is also increased in order to give higher priority to this topic in line with the decisions by the EU heads of government at the Lisbon summit.

We took money out of Res. Infr. Structures and we placed that in Information Society technologies. € 350 m out of Information Society technologies will be used for Géant.
Together with the budget of 'New processes of production of advanced materials and nanotechnologies' the two programmes will create a lot of synergy.

The heading ‘Sustainable development and global change’ has been increased because of the addition of the section on transport. The division between the various sub-headings will be energy: € 500 m, sustainable development etc.: € 800 and transport: € 500 m. We have opted to enter a substantial amount for sustainable development, which includes environmental protection.

The amount for the heading ‘Citizens, democracy, social and political institutions’ has been increased slightly in order to create room for the broader definition of this heading than in the Commission proposal.

The heading ‘Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs’ has been reduced because international activities have been transferred to the heading for structuring of the European Research Area: Human resources and several intensifications of priorities will be financed out of that. The rest of the amount will be divided as follows:

SMEs/ Craft: € 400 m
JRC: € 725 m
The JRC budget was increased to € 725 m.
genuine anticipatory activities: a total of € 450 m.

Two changes have been made to category 2 (Structuring the European Research Area). ‘Human resources’ has been increased because international activities have been placed under this heading, and Research Infrastructures have been reduced because Géant etc. have now been moved to IST

  • *COST activities will be paid from the budget 'support coordination of activities'.
Amendment 296
Annex III, introduction, paragraph 2

The Community’s financial contribution to these activities, which will incorporate measures to encourage innovation, will be carried out by means of a range of instruments described below.

The Community’s financial contribution to these activities, which will incorporate measures to encourage innovation, will be carried out by means of a range of four new instruments: networks of excellence, integrated projects, programmes under Article 169 of the Treaty and the stairway to excellence, which will exist for a limited period alongside some of the old instruments..

Justification

See the justification to the rapporteur's Amendment 105 in his draft report 'Stairway to excellence'.

Amendment 297
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.1, paragraph –1 (new)
 

The overall objective of Networks of Excellence (NoE) is to reinforce scientific and technological excellence in Europe by progressively integrating research capacities at the level of excellence across European countries. NoE foster cooperation between enterprises (SMEs and large firms), centres of excellence of universities and R & D centres, technology organisations; they foster cooperation in the field of strategic fundamental pre-competitive research, because every NoE has as its objective to advance the progress of knowledge related to its particular theme, with a view to attaining long-term goals. Therefore a NoE has a programme of research activities.

Justification

.Many reactions have sown that the current definition of an NoE is inadequate. The amendment therefore defines an NoE in more detail so as to give the research community a clear picture of the objectives and working methods of an NoE...

Amendment 298
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.1., paragraph 5a (new)
 

A network of excellence must have a strategy for disseminating research results. To secure the implementation of such an information strategy, part of the budget of each network is to be allocated to an information activity. The information will, depending on the focus of the research, be distributed either to the public, industry or to both.

 

The participation of companies must comprise at least 50% of each network.

Justification

It is important to raise awareness of the research conducted and to ensure that the knowledge being developed in the network will also benefit other companies and universities.

Amendment 299
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2, paragraph -1 (new)
 

The overall objective of an integrated research project (IP) is to achieve pre-defined results. The pre-defined results are related to the improvement of the competitiveness of European enterprises (SME’s and large enterprises) or are directed towards problem-solving research related to the 8 integrating research priorities of FP6. Because IP have pre-defined results they focus on pre-agreed research objectives limited in time. The cooperation amongst partners of an IP is also for the term of the integrated research project. Partners can be enterprises, SME´s, universities or, research and technology organisations. The pre-defined results are pre-competitive and related to products, processes and services. IP will never cover commercial development activities. The participants will retain ownership of the results on conditions defined by the “Rules on participation and dissemination”.

Amendment 300
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2, paragraph 2

These projects, representing an order of magnitude of up to tens of millions of euros, will be carried out by consortia, often involving intense university/industry collaboration.

These projects, which include small and medium-sized projects as well as those representing an order of magnitude of up to tens of millions of euros, will be carried out by consortia, often involving intense university/industry collaboration.

Justification

Exclusively to promote large projects entails the risk that in the future universities would to a large extent be excluded from those projects.

Amendment 301
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2, paragraph 2a (new)
 

At least 10% of each project must be allocated to universities for basic research.

Justification

It is necessary to ensure that in the future universities continue to play a substantial part in the projects promoted.

Amendment 302
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2. paragraph 3

The projects may cover “risky” research and will in all cases have clearly defined objectives in terms of scientific and technological knowledge or products, processes or services. The integrated projects may in some cases be made up of clusters dedicated to different aspects of one and the same objective, integrated into a single action by industry and public sector research partners on the basis of a regularly updated timetable.

The projects may cover “risky” research and will in all cases have clearly defined objectives in terms of scientific and technological knowledge applicable to products, processes or services. The integrated projects may in some cases be made up of clusters dedicated to different aspects of one and the same objective, integrated into a single action by industry and public sector research partners on the basis of a regularly updated timetable.

Justification

Products, processes or services are in the competitive domain. In view of the Community framework for state aid to research and development, as well as the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (both referred to in section 2 of Annex III of the Commission’s proposal), products, processes or services should not be the direct objective of Community support.

Amendment 303
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2. , paragraph 6

The integrated projects will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals. Participation in them will be open to third country organisations and organisations for European scientific co-operation. There will be specific measures to encourage SME participation.

The integrated projects will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals. Participation in them will be open to third country organisations and organisations for European scientific co-operation. There will be specific measures to encourage SME participation. Therefore in order to encourage integration of SMEs into the integrated projects, projects which include SMEs should be rated more highly in the evaluation of the applicants.

Justification

To reflect Parliament’s firmly held opinion that SMEs should have an important place in the new framework programme, it is necessary to reward projects that are of the highest quality and at the same time manage to incorporate SMEs.

Amendment 304
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2. , paragraph 6a (new)
 

Criteria for selection of integrated projects:

 

-   areas which are expanding and create good growth prospects;

 

-   areas in which Community businesses can and must become more competitive;

 

-   areas in which prospects of significant scientific and technological progress are opening up, offering possibilities for dissemination and exploitation of results in the medium or long term,

 

in order to contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the Community as a whole.

Justification

It is necessary that clear and transparent criteria for establishing projects exist.

Amendment 305
Annex III, Chapter 1.1.2 a, Stairway to excellence (new)
 

1.1.2a.   Stairway to excellence

 

In the priority thematic areas of research of the framework programme, financial contribution to projects falling within the scope of the stairway to excellence.

 

If the European Research Area is to be brought into being, efforts will have to be pooled in the European policy for research and technological development. That being the case, European added value and a great part of its research should be measured, according to the three essential yardsticks of excellence, critical mass, and the pioneering nature of the project, (together with the quality of its findings). Efforts will focus on projects and forms of cooperation which, having satisfied all three criteria, offer the best prospects of success.

 

As well as focusing efforts in the manner described above, additional efforts will be made to identify subfields or research projects within the priority thematic areas and partners in the research community who deserve to be encouraged to rise to the requisite degrees of excellence, critical mass, and utility which they have not yet attained. In cases of this kind, the other three new instruments will not always be possible or appropriate to apply directly. The means to be employed in such cases, where the need has been duly shown to exist, will therefore be the range of tools provided under the fifth framework programme for indirect research actions, subject to the same financial conditions for participation. These tools are: shared-cost projects, support affording access to research infrastructures, technology-stimulation projects to encourage and facilitate SME participation in research and technological development activities, ‘Marie Curie’ training grants, support for networks, concerted research projects, and accompanying measures.

 

This instrument must be used flexibly and provide for arrangements to accommodate other small-scale participants with innovative research projects, and the potential to meet the criteria with regard to critical mass and centres of excellence. Moreover, the stairway to excellence must be able to embrace: (a) research centres not included in the networks of excellence, (b) initiatives proposed by precompetitive research teams, (c) SMEs, and (d) projects which can form the basis of future networks, with a view to integrating regions with similar problems and candidate countries to be incorporated into the European Research Area.

 

These projects should be consistent with or relevant to the main themes of the framework programme. Funding will be limited to 20% of the total budget of the framework programme. Administration may be delegated to external sources where this would be beneficial financially and administratively.

Justification

It is absolutely vital to operate on a European scale, bearing in mind that in many cases high-quality small-scale research teams can be found. In addition, in order to allow scope for SMEs and the applicant countries, space must be found under the programme for small-scale, high-quality innovatory actions. This will also open the way for pre-competitive groups and centres which have not previously taken part in European programmes, creating new openings for involvement in networks of excellence. The scope for taking part in the programme should also be extended to research centres and teams throughout the Union, to offset the centralised management frequently characterising other instruments.

Amendment 306
Annex III, chapter 1.1.2a, paragraph 5a (new)
 

In the implementation of the Framework programme the Commission must aim to allocate 30% of the financial resources assigned to the heading "Integrating research" to the instrument: "Stairway to excellence". This with the objective of creating a smooth transition from the Fifth to the Sixth Framework Programme and in order to allocate resources for smaller research projects etc. carried out under this instrument.

 

The Commission shall deliver to Parliament each year a status containing (for each of the four instruments):

 
  • *Number of applicant and granted projects
 
  • *Total and average amount of resources being applied and granted
 

The status shall be accompanied by an explanation

Justification

Self-justifying.

Amendment 307
Annex III, chapter 1.1.3, paragraph 2a (new)
 

National programmes to be carried out jointly pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty will be determined by the European Parliament and the Council under the codecision procedure (Article 251). Whenever Article 169 is to be applied, a decision to that effect must be taken under Article 251. Subject to this stipulation of the Treaty, several proposals for decisions may be submitted to Parliament and the Council at the same time.

Justification

Any proposal to apply Article 169 must be shown to be justified. The measures proposed by the Commission in that connection must therefore each be considered individually.

Amendment 308
Annex III, chapter 1.1.3, paragraph 3a (new)
 

Insists that the application of article 169 should be non-discriminatory as between larger and smaller Member States and that the specific proposals for actions of this category be inserted in the framework programme.

Justification

Cooperation between some Member States may not lead to exclusion of others. For the application of Article 169 codecision is required. Therefore all projects should be inserted in FP6.

Amendment 309
Annex III, chapter 1.1.4a (new)
 

The rules governing the dissemination of research results should promote the protection of the intellectual property and the use and dissemination of those results. They should ensure that participants have mutual access to pre-existing know-how and to knowledge arising from research work to the extent necessary to conduct the research work or to use the resulting knowledge. At the same time, they should guarantee the protection of the participants' intellectual assets. They should also take account of the features of the integrated projects and networks of excellence, in particular by offering a high degree of flexibility to the participants, and allowing them to agree among themselves on the most suitable arrangements for their collaboration and for the exploitation of the resulting knowledge.

Justification

.Self-justifying.

Amendment 310
Annex 3, Chapter 1.2.1 (new)
 

1.2.1.   Qualitative and quantitative criteria for the structuring of the ERA

 

Before starting to implement the activities of the European Research Area, the Commission will set out in a communication which concrete objectives it aims to achieve by it. The communication will consider, inter alia, direct outcomes such as:

 

-   number of Marie Curie grants

 

-   number of exchanges of researchers

 

-   outcome of such exchanges.

 

It will also consider indirect outcomes such as:

 

-   publications

 

-   contributions to new research programmes

 

-   citations in professional journals

 

-   new patents

 

-   contributions to the dissemination of the results of such research.

Justification

.The quantity of appropriations made available to this part of the 6th FP justifies the Commission setting out qualitative and quantitative criteria in advance. On the basis of an interim evaluation it will be possible to examine whether the Commission should improve the effectiveness or efficiency of implementation...

Amendment 311
Annex 3, Chapter 2., paragraph –1 (new)
 

Decentralisation of management

 

It is important that the management of the 6th Framework Programme should be decentralised.

 

Nevertheless, a clear separation of powers needs to be made between the Commission as the body responsible for the European Court of Auditors and the European Parliament, and the management of a decentralised project.

 

The Rules of Participation must also make clear:

 

-   the management tasks of a decentralised project

 

-   which management costs the Commission will reimburse and which are to be borne by the participants in the decentralised project

 

-   the nature of financial responsibility and the conduct of the discharge of a decentralised project

 

-   who is responsible for the conduct of the project, and what role the Commission has in this context as supervisory authority

 

-   intellectual property rights

 

-   when, and how the results will be disseminated

 

-   what contribution a decentralised project must make to dissemination of results.

Justification

The Commission begins with the large-scale decentralisation of project management. This begs the question of what the responsibility of the Commission is, and what are the tasks of the project management. In the 6th FP we set out the criteria which the Rules of Participation must comply..

Amendment 312
Annex 3, Chapter 2., paragraph –1a (new)
 

The Commission will seek to ensure that the management tasks allocated to Networks of Excellence (NoEs) and Integrated Projects (Ips) are limited to what is strictly necessary in terms of the remote management of NoEs and IPs by the Commission. It is not intended that the Commission should pass on its own administrative burdens to the NoEs and IPs or place unnecessary burdens on these bodies.

 

The Commission will assess on an annual basis with the current NoEs and IPs the level of the management tasks and the administrative burdens, and will issue a report to the European Parliament and the Council.

Justification

In the course of decentralisation, we need to avoid passing on many extra management tasks or administrative burdens to NoEs and IPs, since this would discourage a lot of firms and universities/institutes of technology from participating in the 6th FP.

Amendment 313
Annex III, Chapter2., paragraph 1a (new)
 

The rules governing Community financial participation will be set out in a proposal to be submitted by the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council and will be laid down under the codecision procedure provided for in Article 251 of the Treaty. The proposal will cover all the matters to be dealt with, including the following: the division of responsibilities between and the respective specific tasks of the Community and external project managers; intellectual property rights; rules on calls for proposals aimed at outside bodies issued by external managers; publication and dissemination of findings; the definition of the management costs to be reimbursed by the Commission or borne by participants; a simplified selection procedure to enable possible project sponsors to be given an initial indication regarding the likely eligibility of such applications as they might intend to submit; to foresee mechanisms to recognise in the following call for competition research projects already judged scientifically valid by the Commission and not financed for the shortage of financial resources; transparency in relation to non-participating bodies; advance publication of possible future calls for proposals; rules on co-partnership to ensure that, when a private and a public institute are co-partners in a network of excellence, the network is not funded twice over; and detailed financial arrangements for the participation of bodies from candidate and third countries in the various instruments.

Justification

Efficiency and transparency in the management of Community research programmes.

Amendment 314
Annex 3, Chapter 2., paragraph 1b (new)
 

The Commission will create, within the 6th Framework Programme, a separate facility to enable those countries of the former Yugoslavia which are participants in the Stability Pact also to participate in the implementation of the 6th FP.

Justification

Countries of the former Yugoslavia, such as Serbia, are currently able to participate in the 6th FP only in the capacity of ‘Third countries’.

This facility is developed in order to promote the development of their economies, and to avoid the emergence of a brain drain.

Amendment 315
Annex III, Chapter 2., paragraph 3a (new)
 

In the case of participation of organisations from Mediterranean or developing countries, a contribution of the MEDA programme and of the financial instruments of the Union's aid to development could be envisaged.

Justification

Scientific collaboration can only be fruitful if a high degree of research capacity remains established and if research outcomes find a positive environment for application in a context of local skills and capabilities. S&T capacity building should be increased in a well planned way so as to contribute to the success of the EU investments in R&D.

Amendment 316
Annex III, Chapter 2., paragraph 7a (new)
 

Pursuant to Article 4 of the Decision concerning the sixth framework programme and Article 173 of the Treaty the Commission will draw up an annual progress report on the implementation of the 2002-2006 framework programme. The report will accurately assess the decentralisation arrangements and the procedures for implementing each category of instrument, especially in the light of management parameters such as the speed at which programmes are launched and contracts concluded, the effectiveness of contractors as regards decentralised calls for proposals, the attainment of quantitative and qualitative objectives, and the integrating and structuring effects.

Justification

Efficiency and transparency in the management of Community research programmes.

Amendment 317
Annex III, Chapter 2., paragraph 7b (new)
 

The Commission will assess the progress, results, and scientific quality of the activities carried out under the sixth framework programme and the management of those activities by its own departments and, where applicable, its contractors. In accordance with Article 5 of the Decision concerning the sixth framework programme, the Commission will call upon independent high-level experts to assess the implementation of Community activities during the preceding five years. The nature of that assessment will be both operational and strategic. In particular, the assessment will specify how far the sixth framework programme has served to establish the European Research Area and attain the Lisbon objectives.

Justification

Efficiency and transparency in the management of Community research programmes.

Amendment 318
Annex III, Chapter 2.,
Table of Instruments, Integrating research, third line, right column

-   The Community may award a grant to the budget of jointly-executed activities corresponding to a maximum of 50% of their total cost; it may cover on an overall basis the participation of third country researchers and organisations in the activities.

-   The Community may award a grant to the budget of jointly-executed activities corresponding to a maximum of 50% of their total cost; where national programmes are open to other Member States and associated countries, it may cover on an overall basis the participation of researchers and organisations from those other countries in the activities.

Justification

According to footnote 5 on page 4 of the Commission proposal, the term “third country” refers to countries that are not members of the EU and not associated with the framework programme. The last paragraph of section 1.1.3 in Annex III of the Commission proposal, however, makes clear that the Community participation is not intended for third countries, but for other European countries.

Amendment 319
Annex III, Chapter 2.
Table of instruments, Integrating research, fourth line, right column

The Community may award a grant to the budget of these activities corresponding to a maximum of 50% of their total cost and assume responsibility for the entire budget of the JRC.

The Community may award a grant to the budget of these activities corresponding to a maximum of 50% of their total cost (1)(2) and assume responsibility for the entire budget of the JRC.

 

(1)   The Model Contract will specify the conditions under which certain legal entities, in particular public entities, will be financed up to 100 % of their marginal costs.

 

(2)   The rate of support can be adapted in accordance with the Community framework for state aid to research and development, depending on whether the activities pertain to research or demonstration, or in view of the other activities undertaken, such as training of researchers or the management of the consortium

Justification

The rates should be adjusted depending on the nature of the activities (research, demonstration, training of researchers, Consortium Management) and the type of accounting system (actual cost or additional cost). For example, a programme composed of research (50% rate) and researchers training (100% rate) would be over 50% of its total cost. The participation of universities normally funded according to the 100% additional costs scheme will also lead to funding rates above 50 % of the total project cost.

  • [1] OJ C 180, 26.6.2001, p. 156

DRAFT LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION

European Parliament legislative resolution on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area (COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

(Codecision procedure: first reading)

The European Parliament,

–   having regard to the Commission proposal to the European Parliament and the Council (COM(2001) 94[1]),

–   Having regard to the Commission Communication “The Framework Programme and the European Research Area: application of Article 169 and the networking of national programmes” COM (2001)282

–   Having regard to the Commission Communication “A Mobility Strategy for the European Research Area COM (2001) 331

–   Having regard to the Commission Communication “The International Dimension of the European Research Area”

–   having regard to Article 251(2) and Article 166(1) of the EC Treaty, pursuant to which the Commission submitted the proposal to Parliament (C5‑0087/2001),

–   having regard to Rule 67 of its Rules of Procedure,

–   having regard to the report of the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy and the opinions of the Committee on Budgets, the Committee on Citizen’s Freedom and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy, the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development, the Committee on Fisheries, the Committee on Regional Policy, Transport and Tourism, the Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport, and the Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities (A5‑0376/2001),

1.   Approves the Commission proposal as amended;

2.   Considers that the financial envelope of the proposal should be compatible with the ceiling under heading 3 of the current financial perspective without restricting other policies.

3.   Considers that the financing of the proposal is the minimum required to achieve the objectives outlined in the sixth framework proposal. The Commission shall undertake an urgent review before the final adoption of the legislative proposal so as to ensure that the levels proposed of the financial resources match the objectives of this framework programme.

4.   Asks to be consulted again should the Commission intend to amend the proposal substantially or replace it with another text;

5.   Instructs its President to forward its position to the Council and Commission.

  • [1] OJ C 180, 26.6.2001, p 156.

EXPLANATORY STATEMENT

Overall design of the sixth framework programme

The research and technological development framework programme has traditionally been understood to be a strategic planning tool for the entire range of scientific and technological research activities organised by the Commission, entailing Community financing. The sixth framework programme, covering the years from 2002 to 2006, is, moreover, a tool intended to build the European Research Area. The activities to be carried out under it must serve to integrate and structure that area, thus contributing to the Lisbon process and enabling the knowledge-based society to flourish in Europe.

The initiative is a bold one and Parliament congratulates the Commission for taking it. The rapporteur therefore recommends that Parliament endorse the overall design of the sixth framework programme enabling it to serve its twofold purpose as a programme and a tool for establishing the ERA. He is also calling on Parliament to employ the codecision procedure to make certain amendments to the Commission proposal, the fruit of his long, intensive consultations with both his colleagues and a great many representatives of the European scientific community.

The rapporteur also wishes to thank the Commission and Council – and the Swedish and Belgian presidencies in particular – for the excellent cooperation in the course of the preparations for first reading, which have resulted, among other things, in two informal political trialogue meetings.

The priority thematic areas

The Commission has proposed seven priority thematic areas, plus an eighth area to be given over to anticipation of the Union’s scientific and technological needs and also encompassing the activities of the Joint Research Centre. The seven thematic areas are: genomics and biotechnology for health; information society technologies; nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, and new production processes; aeronautics and space; food safety and health risks; sustainable development and global change; and citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society. The main amendments with which the ITRE committee was concerned relate to health, energy and surface transport.

It had in fact emerged from the rapporteur’s consultations that there was a clear desire to give priority to the eradication of cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and rare diseases, which should be pursued alongside and in conjunction with the research on genomics and biotechnology for health already being advocated by the Commission, which will be of capital importance where the above diseases are concerned.

To translate this desire into action, it is proposed that the thematic areas covered by the sixth framework programme should be the following: 1.1.1 Life sciences for health and safety (1.1.1a Genomics and biotechnology for global health and welfare, and 1.1.1b The major diseases); 1.1.2 Information Society Technologies; 1.1.3 Nanotechnologies and new processes of production of advanced materials; 1.1.4 Aeronautics and space; 1.1.5 Food quality, safety and health risks and health improvement; 1.1.6 Energy, sustainable development, biodiversity and global change (1.1.6a Energy, 1.1.6b Sustainable Development and Global Change, and 1.1.6c Transport); 1.1.7 Citizens, democracy, social and political institutions; 1.1.8 Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs.

The specific programmes

The Commission is proposing to encompass all the thematic priorities within a single specific programme, entitled ‘Integrating European research’. This does not conform to past practice and can hardly be acceptable to Parliament because it adds to the difficulty, and hence reduces the transparency, of the procedures to follow when considering and taking decisions on the individual research fields to be dealt with in the specific programmes. Specific programmes, moreover, are exactly the point at which the details of the various proposals assume greater importance, whereas Parliament’s decision-making power weakens if the framework programme is adopted under the codecision procedure and the specific programmes require no more than consultation. On the other hand, it would not be sensible to create a glut of procedures.

The model adopted in this report is that of the single-programme, albeit split up into eight distinct sub-sectors, each with its own coordination and management structures, its own working party of experts and its chapter in the budget. There will be a programme committee, with a different membership for each sector. And the European Parliament will be kept regularly informed.

The new instruments

To implement the sixth framework programme, the Commission is planning to introduce new instruments, namely networks of excellence, integrated projects, and Community participation in national programmes implemented jointly pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty. Under the Commission proposal, the only means of action available in the seven priority thematic areas would be the new instruments. The final area, however, ‘Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs’, would not fall exclusively within the scope of the new instruments. In that area, it would possible to apply the instruments of the fifth framework programme and more especially shared-cost projects based on calls for proposals.

The fact that the three new instruments, and no others, are to be used for the programme has prompted criticism. The new instruments have not proved their worth. It is open to question whether their scale will fit every activity that might be undertaken and the research community will be willing to accept them. The rapporteur has proposed creating a fourth new instrument, termed the ‘stairway to excellence’. This instrument could be used for projects involving: (1) candidate countries, (2) SMEs, (3) new partners such as research institutes seeking to take part in an EC research programme for the first time, or (4) small-scale projects. It could become the means whereby these new elements could evolve into the more advanced state that would enable them to contribute in full measure to the critical mass and excellence of European research. It would be suitable to apply to projects capable of generating a knock-on effect that would enable the research activity in question to rise to a quality level and scale of operations consistent with the criteria of excellence and critical mass targeted in the general objectives of the sixth framework programme: hence the ‘stairway’ idea. As regards the ‘stairway to excellence’, the Commission must take on the objective of allocating 30% of the financial resources available to the ‘Integrating European research’ programme to this new instrument. The report also provides for a range of other measures in support of SMEs and the retention of certain other instruments that have proved their worth.

As regards application of Article 169, the rapporteur considers that it might be possible to move towards experimental use of this instrument in a limited number of cases. Article 169 applies by virtue of the codecision procedure. Whenever it is likely to be applied, each measure proposed by the Commission will be examined on a case-by-case basis. Parliament will not countenance a guiding approach that might subsequently lead to decisions taken by the Commission alone.

The budget

All of the rapporteur’s recommendations have been based on the premiss that the overall amount which the Commission has earmarked for the sixth framework programme will, at the very least, not be lowered in the final decision. The amount in question is EUR 17 500m and includes EUR 1 230 for the Euratom framework programme (the subject of a separate report to be adopted by Parliament under the consultation procedure). The ITRE committee has kept to the ceilings proposed by the Commission for the EC programme (EUR 16 270) and the EURATOM programme (EUR 1 230) respectively, but it proposes adjusting the breakdown within the budget allocated to the EC programme on the basis of its adjustments to certain priority thematic areas.

Programme management

One particularly important aspect of the proposal on the sixth framework programme is the management of research activities, not least because new instruments are to be introduced. The rules governing Community financial participation will be set out in a Commission proposal to be adopted by Parliament and the Council under the codecision procedure. The ITRE committee's amendments list some of the key points to be covered by the rules (Amendment 107).

The future

The sixth framework programme constitutes a significant innovation. Encouragement must be given to make it succeed, and the fruits of its success consolidated thereafter. That being the case, there are a number of recommendations to put forward: (1) the debate preceding the selection of the priority thematic areas must be more intensive and extensive; the Commission should inform Parliament of the selection criteria before the selection has been made; (2) ex post evaluation should likewise be expanded and, for example, record the consequences of the various research activities carried out at European level to further the Union’s overriding aims, first and foremost the Lisbon objectives; (3) in future, the text of the framework programme must be more detailed; to get answers to his questions about its content, the rapporteur too often had to consult the texts of the specific programmes; (4) modern conditions having been established by the codecision procedure, interinstitutional cooperation should be brought to bear in order to consider how it might be possible to postpone the discussion on the financial component of the framework programme until the first reading had progressed to a more advanced stage; (5) as a result of the historical accidents which have affected the various European Treaties, some important aspects of European research still lie outside the scope of codecision; before embarking on the procedure to adopt the seventh framework programme, this situation ought to be put right, since it certainly does nothing to promote public acceptance of science and technology.

Finally, we should never forget that one of the essential purposes of the research debates under way and yet to begin is to bring science, citizens, and society closer together.

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON BUDGETS

18 September 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area,

and the proposal for a Council decision concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) for research and training activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area

(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0171/2001 – 2001/0054(CNS))

Draftsman: Heide Rühle

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Budgets appointed Heide Rühle draftsman at its meeting of 22 March 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meeting of 13 September 2001.

At the last meeting it adopted the following conclusions unanimously with 2 abstentions.

The following were present for the vote: Terence Wynn, chairman; Reimer Böge, vice-chairman; Heide Rühle, draftsman; Gordon J. Adam (for Bárbara Dührkop Dührkop, pursuant to Rule 153(2)), Ioannis Averoff, Jean-Louis Bourlanges, Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg, Paulo Casaca, Carlos Costa Neves, Den Dover, James E.M. Elles, Göran Färm, Markus Ferber, Salvador Garriga Polledo, Neena Gill, Catherine Guy-Quint, John Joseph McCartin, Jan Mulder, Juan Andrés Naranjo Escobar, Giovanni Pittella, Elly Plooij-van Gorsel (for Anne Elisabet Jensen), Bartho Pronk (for Armin Laschet), Encarnación Redondo Jiménez (for Alain Madelin), Esko Olavi Seppänen (for Chantal Cauquil), Ioannis Souladakis (for Joan Colom i Naval), Per Stenmarck, Francesco Turchi, Kyösti Tapio Virrankoski and Ralf Walter.

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

1.   Background

The Commission’s proposals on the 6th framework programme on research and development (2002-2006) are a result of a long debate, which started in January 2000 when the Commission adopted its Communication Towards a European Research Area.[1] The Communication led to a thorough exchange of views between the different institutions concerned. After receiving the resolution from the European Parliament and the opinions of the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, the Commission presented two legislative proposals in March 2001, one on the Community framework programme and another one on the research activities falling under the EURATOM Treaty.[2]

According to the proposals, the 6th framework programme would comprise of three main blocks of activities to be decided under the codecision procedure: integrating research, structuring the European Research Area, and strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area.

In addition, the framework programme would contain two blocks of activities falling under the EURATOM Treaty, where the Parliament is only consulted and the Council has the final say. These specific programmes would cover "indirect" activities on nuclear fission and fusion, as well as the JRC’s activities in the field of nuclear energy.

Finally, the Commission proposes eight key research priorities:

1.   Genomics and biotechnology for health;

2.   Information society technologies;

3.   Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials and new production processes;

4.   Aeronautics and space;

5.   Food safety and health risks;

6.   Sustainable development and global change;

7.   Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society; and

8.   Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs including JRC activities.

In short, the Commission introduces three new instruments, which would be applied to all priority areas: networks of excellence, integrated projects, as well as programmes implemented according to Article 169 of the EC Treaty. The last instrument provides the Community the possibility to participate in research projects undertaken jointly by several Member States in order to anticipate emerging needs, and react rapidly to new scientific and technological developments. These projects would fall under the codecision procedure, and they would be cofinanced from national budgets.

The Commission justifies the relatively small number of priority areas by the need to concentrate on a few, well-defined areas in order to avoid the dispersion of financial and human resources.

Projects would be also open to candidate countries and third countries depending on the type of cooperation agreements that exist between them and the Community.

One further difference concerns management decentralisation. The Commission intends to reduce the ceiling of administrative expenditure from the current level of 7.0% to 5.5% of overall funding. After the evaluation and selection of new projects, the Commission would be involved only in the assessment and monitoring of Community financed projects. For instance, payments would be issued in tranches following annual scientific and financial assessment. At the moment, payments are issued according to a complex procedure, which is based on nine different standard models of contracts.

2.   General assessment

The Commission’s proposals have caused mixed reactions in the scientific community. Many seem to welcome the Commission’s efforts to revise its administrative and operational procedures. At a public hearing organised by the Committee on Budgets in June 2001,[3] representatives of the public and private sector gave their support to the proposal to simplify and streamline administrative procedures, which until now have been far too cumbersome and complicated. According to the counterparts operating with the framework programme, there is an urgent need to reduce the time required from the submission of the proposal to the launching of the project from one year to six months. However, some parts of the proposal, such as the rules of participation, need further clarification. In addition, some parts of the proposals seem to diverge too much from the current procedures. Counterparts in the Member States cannot be expected to learn new procedures every five years.

The main problem relates to the architecture of the framework programme, and more specifically to its new instruments and thematic priorities. According to the Commission, the new emphasis on large integrated projects should improve the cost-effectiveness of Community financed RTD activities. In some cases, such as the CRAFT programme aimed for small businesses, projects have cost an average of €60,000 per year, whereby it has been difficult to get a reasonable outturn of the projects.

The rapporteur fears, however, that the Commission's new approach could lead to another extreme if preference is given to large-scale projects. Smaller projects are often more agile and likely to produce market-oriented results. Therefore, small and medium-sized projects should remain an integral part of the framework programme and should not be marginalised from Community funding.

Similarly, it can be questioned whether the reduction of the number of thematic areas and their concentration under one heading (integrating research) is really feasible for the transparency and accountability of these projects. In order to ensure the monitoring of these activities, the rapporteur suggests that each specific programme should have its own budget line. This would simplify the follow-up of the financial implementation by the budgetary authority and guarantee a better flow of information on the activities financed under the framework programme.

In addition, the problem relating to the accountability of the eighth thematic area (Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs) remains to be solved. Many counterparts have expressed their concern that the complexity of decision-making and mixed sources of funding can cause further delays, which may put into question the use of this instrument.

The rapporteur considers that the 6th framework programme should put increased emphasis on ethical principles, such as food safety, in order to avoid the eruption of new BSE and FMD cases. The framework programme should increase intra-European cooperation in this field by providing complementary studies to the new Food Safety Authority.

The rapporteur also underlines the importance of Community research in renewable sources of energy (wind, solar, biomass) and the development of energy efficient technologies, such as hydrogen and fuel cells.

The Community is extremely dependent on external fossil fuels. It currently imports some 50% of its requirements, a figure that will rise to 70% in 2030 with an even greater dependence on oil and gas if current trends persist. Needless to say, its dependency on external energy sources makes its economy and society relatively vulnerable to delivery shortages and unforeseen crises in third countries.

Nevertheless, the Community has substantial reserves of coal. After enlargement, the Union’s coal production will more than double. So far, however, the interest to develop coal-based technologies has been limited as European coal production is highly uncompetitive compared to imported coal.

The development of fuel cell technology could revive the coal industry while changing the way coal is being used. At a wider scale, it could provide an important instrument to slow down global warming.

Consequently, the rapporteur proposes to increase appropriations for the priority areas entitled Sustainable development and global change, and to reduce funding in other programmes which may not be as crucial to the Community’s interests.

3.   Financial impact

The Commission is proposing a budget of EUR 17.5 billion for the 6th framework programme. This amount can be further broken down to EUR 16.27 billion for RTD activities carried out by the Community and EUR 1.23 billion carried out by EURATOM (see breakdown of expenditure in annex 1). The proposed expenditure represents an increase of 17% compared to the current research framework programme. However, assuming that other activities under heading 3 are maintained at the current level, the share of RTD costs would remain virtually unchanged if compared to the current level (see table below). If the proposals were approved as such, they would leave a margin of approximately €1.4 billion under the ceiling of heading 3.

Margin available under heading 3

(in € million, adjusted to current prices with estimated inflation of 2% per year)

2001

2002 **

2003

2004

2005

2006

Total 2003-2006

FP ceiling for heading 3

6.   272

6.   558

6.   810

7.   065

7.   325

7.   601

Other policies heading 3

2.   312

2.   435

2.   406

2.   454

2.   503

2.   553

RTD costs

3.   920

4.   055

4.   055

4.   310

4.   500

4.   635

17.   500

Total costs in heading 3 *

6.   232

6.   490

6.   461

6.   764

7.   003

7.   188

Margin under heading 3

40

68

349

301

322

413

1.   385

RTD costs vs. FP ceiling

62,50%

61,83%

59,55%

61,01%

61,44%

60,98%

  • *Assuming that FP6 is adopted as proposed by the Commission and other activities under heading 3 are maintained at the current level without any increases.
  • ** As proposed in PDB 2002.

The rapporteur considers that the proposed level of research appropriations is justified if the Community ever intends to achieve the strategic goal set at the Lisbon European Council: “to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion”.[4]

The rapporteur reminds that average expenditure on research, expressed as percentage of Europe’s GDP, is currently significantly lower than either in the USA or Japan: the EU now devotes only 1.9% of its GDP to research, as against 2.7% in the United States and 3.1% in Japan. In terms of human resources, the difference is even more striking: researchers account for 2.4‰ of the workforce in Europe, compared to 5.9‰ in the United States and 6.3‰ in Japan.[5]

An increase in RTD appropriations would seem justified also considering the future needs of enlargement. Additional funds would be necessary to facilitate the participation of candidate countries in Community research. Central and Eastern European countries need increased support if they are to be integrated into Community-financed research activities. Consequently, the Community should not wait until enlargement when the financial appropriations of FP6 will be revised. It should strengthen the supply of information on potential RTD opportunities to candidate countries and revise the expenditure of some other thematic priorities.

On the other hand, it is clear that future RTD appropriations should be consistent with the requirements of the current financial perspective. The 6th framework programme should not be financed at the expense of other Community activities in heading 3. The rapporteur considers that the Commission should present a programming report on all the activities to be financed under heading 3 during 2002-2006 before the budgetary authority can take a final decision on the funding of the new framework programme.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Budgets calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area (COM(2001) 94 – C5-0087/2001 – 2001/0053 (COD))

AMENDMENTS TO THE DRAFT LEGISLATIVE TEXT

Text proposed by the Commission[6]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Recital 14 (new)
 

Whereas the multiannual framework programme should be compatible with the current ceiling of heading 3 without restricting other policies.

Justification:

The amount proposed for the multiannual programme should be compatible with the ceiling under the financial perspective. If, in the course of the adoption of the decision, other amounts were to be proposed by the legislative authority, the budgetary authority would need to be consulted again. In this case, the Committee on Budgets would consider the impact on the ceiling under the current financial perspective. Similarly, if during the multiannual framework programme the evolution of the ceiling of the financial perspective were to change dramatically, the budgetary authority would have to reconsider the financial envelope.

Amendment 2
Article 1 (2)

2.   The framework programme 2002-2006 shall comprise all Community activities envisaged in Article 164 of the Treaty.

2.   The framework programme 2002-2006 shall comprise all Community activities envisaged in Article 164 of the Treaty, including basic research.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that basic research should be strengthened in the next multiannual framework programme. This would also be in line with the four main activities stated in Article 164 of the EC Treaty.

Amendment 3
Article 2 (1)

1.   The maximum overall amount for Community financial participation in the entire framework programme 2002-2006 shall be EUR 16.270 billion: the proportion assigned to each of the activities is fixed in Annex II.

1.   The maximum overall amount for Community financial participation in the entire framework programme 2002-2006 shall be EUR 16.270 billion: the proportion assigned to each of the activities is fixed in Annex II.

The Commission shall present a programming report on all the activities to be financed under heading 3 each year so as to ensure that the multiannual framework programme is compatible with the ceiling under heading 3 of the financial perspective. This report shall be made available every year by 30 June.

Justification:

The budgetary authority should have a clear idea of the financial impact of the multiannual framework programme on other activities in heading 3. Consequently, the Commission should present a programming report on all activities that are to be financed under heading 3 each year.

Amendment 4
Article 2 (2)

2.   The detailed rules for financial participation by the Community shall be governed by the Financial Regulation applicable to the General Budget of the European Communities, supplemented by Annex III.

2.   The detailed rules for financial participation by the Community shall be governed by the Financial Regulation applicable to the General Budget of the European Communities, supplemented by Annex III.

Each specific programme shall have its own budget line under heading 3 of the general budget so as to ensure the follow-up of the financial implementation and guarantee a better flow of information between the Commission and the budgetary authority on the activities financed under the framework programme.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that the reduction of thematic priorities and their concentration under one heading may cause a risk to the transparency and accountability of these projects. To ensure the monitoring of these activities, it is necessary to set up a separate budget line for each specific programme.

Amendment 5
Article 3

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles.

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles and gender equality.

The multiannual framework programme shall give major priority to research on renewable energy sources (wind, solar, biomass) and the development of energy efficient technologies, such as hydrogen and fuel cells.

The multiannual framework programme shall provide complementary studies to the Food Safety Authority on animal welfare and food safety.

The multiannual framework programme shall also devote attention to the development of approaches and technologies which accord with the changing value and functions which society assigns to agriculture and food production, and to research into such animal diseases as foot-and-mouth disease and swine fever and particularly the development of market vaccines.

The multiannual framework programme shall maintain its emphasis on SMEs, which shall receive at least 15% of its overall appropriations. These funds shall be used to finance small and medium-sized projects, which represent an integral part of the framework programme.

The multiannual framework programme shall provide financial support to cooperation with Central and Eastern European researchers and supply information to the applicant countries on potential research opportunities.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that the Commission’s proposal should be complemented with a further emphasis on gender equality, food safety, SMEs, cooperation with candidate countries, as well as research on renewable sources of energy and the development of energy efficient technologies.

Amendment 6
Article 4

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 173 of the Treaty.

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 173 of the Treaty.

The Commission shall present a report on the financial implementation of the specific programmes every twelve months. In addition, it shall provide prior information to the budgetary authority whenever it intends to depart from the breakdown of expenditure stated in the remarks and annex of the annual budget.

Justification:

To improve the financial monitoring of Community financed research activities, the rapporteur considers that the Commission should inform the budgetary authority on the implementation of specific programmes on a regular basis and provide prior information whenever it intends to depart from the breakdown of expenditure stated in the general budget.

Amendment 7
Annex III point 1.1.3, paragraph 4 (new)
Participation in national programmes carried out jointly
 

Insists that the application of article 169 should be non-discriminatory as between larger and smaller Member States and that the specific proposals for actions of this category be inserted in the framework programme.

Justification

Cooperation between some Member States must not lead to exclusion of others. For the application of Article 169, codecision is required. Therefore all projects should be inserted in FP6.

AMENDMENTS TO THE DRAFT LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION

Amendment 8
[The European Parliament,]
Considers that the financial envelope of the proposal should be compatible with the ceiling under heading 3 of the current Financial Perspective without restricting other policies.

Justification:

The amount proposed for the multiannual programme should be compatible with the ceiling under the financial perspective. If, in the course of the adoption of the decision, other amounts were to be proposed by the legislative authority, the budgetary authority would need to be consulted again. In this case, the Committee on Budgets would consider the impact on the ceiling under the current financial perspective. Similarly, if during the multiannual framework programme the evolution of the ceiling of the financial perspective were to change dramatically, the budgetary authority would have to reconsider the financial envelope.

Amendment 9
[The European Parliament,]
Considers that the financing of the proposal is the minimum required to achieve the objectives outlined in the sixth framework proposal. An urgent review by 15 November shall be undertaken to ensure that the levels proposed match the objectives of this framework programme.

Justification

The amount proposed for the multiannual framework programme is significantly below the other similarly advanced economies especially in the light of enlargement, which will add greater pressure on these sources. An urgent review should be undertaken to ensure that the levels proposed match the objectives of this framework programme.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Budgets calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Proposal for a Council decision concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) for research and training activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area (COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0171/2001 – 2001/0054 (CNS))

AMENDMENTS TO THE DRAFT LEGISLATIVE TEXT

Text proposed by the Commission[7]

Amendments by Parliament

Amendment 10
Recital 14 (new)
 

Whereas the multiannual framework programme should be compatible with the current ceiling of heading 3 without restricting other policies.

Justification:

The amount proposed for the multiannual programme should be compatible with the ceiling under the financial perspective. If, in the course of the adoption of the decision, other amounts were to be proposed by the legislative authority, the budgetary authority would need to be consulted again. In this case, the Committee on Budgets would consider the impact on the ceiling under the current financial perspective. Similarly, if during the multiannual framework programme the evolution of the ceiling of the financial perspective were to change dramatically, the budgetary authority would have to reconsider the financial envelope.

Amendment 11
Article 2 (1)

1.   The financial reference amount for the implementation of this framework programme for the period 2002-2006 shall be EUR 1 230 million, of which EUR 150 million for the treatment and storage of waste, EUR 700 million for controlled thermonuclear fusion, EUR 50 million for other Euratom activities, and EUR 330 million for the Joint Research Centre's Euratom activities.

1.   The financial reference amount for the implementation of this framework programme for the period 2002-2006 shall be EUR 1 230 million, of which EUR 150 million for the treatment and storage of waste, EUR 700 million for controlled thermonuclear fusion, EUR 50 million for other Euratom activities, and EUR 330 million for the Joint Research Centre's Euratom activities.

The Commission shall present a programming report on all the activities to be financed under heading 3 each year so as to ensure that the multiannual framework programme is compatible with the ceiling under heading 3 of the financial perspective. This report shall be made available every year by 30 June.

Justification:

The budgetary authority should have a clear idea of the financial impact of the multiannual framework programme on other activities in heading 3. Consequently, the Commission should present a programming report on all activities that are to be financed under heading 3 each year.

Amendment 12
Article 2 (2)

2.   The detailed rules for financial participation by the Community shall be governed by the Financial Regulation applicable to the General Budget of the European Communities, supplemented where appropriate by the research and training programme(s) which the Council will adopt in order to implement this Decision.

2.   The detailed rules for financial participation by the Community shall be governed by the Financial Regulation applicable to the General Budget of the European Communities, supplemented where appropriate by the research and training programme(s) which the Council will adopt in order to implement this Decision.

Each specific programme shall have its own budget line under heading 3 of the general budget so as to ensure the follow-up of the financial implementation and guarantee a better flow of information between the Commission and the budgetary authority on the activities financed under the framework programme.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that the reduction of thematic priorities and their concentration under one heading may cause a risk to the transparency and accountability of these projects. To ensure the monitoring of these activities, it is necessary to set up a separate budget line for each specific programme.

Amendment 13
Article 3

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles.

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles and gender equality.

The multiannual framework programme shall provide financial support to cooperation with Central and Eastern European researchers and supply information to the applicant countries on potential research opportunities.

Justification:

The rapporteur considers that the Commission’s proposal should be complemented with a further emphasis on gender equality and cooperation with candidate countries.

Amendment 14
Article 4

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 7 of the Treaty.

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 7 of the Treaty.

The Commission shall present a report on the financial implementation of the specific programmes every twelve months. In addition, it shall provide prior information to the budgetary authority whenever it intends to depart from the breakdown of expenditure stated in the remarks and annex of the annual budget.

Justification:

To improve the financial monitoring of Community financed research activities, the rapporteur considers that the Commission should inform the budgetary authority on the implementation of specific programmes on a regular basis and whenever it intends to depart from the breakdown of expenditure stated in the general budget.

AMENDMENTS TO THE DRAFT LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTION

Amendment 15
[The European Parliament,]
Considers that the financial envelope of the proposal should be compatible with the ceiling under heading 3 of the current Financial Perspective without restricting other policies.

Justification:

The amount proposed for the multiannual programme should be compatible with the ceiling under the financial perspective. If, in the course of the adoption of the decision, other amounts were to be proposed by the legislative authority, the budgetary authority would need to be consulted again. In this case, the Committee on Budgets would consider the impact on the ceiling under the current financial perspective. Similarly, if during the multiannual framework programme the evolution of the ceiling of the financial perspective were to change dramatically, the budgetary authority would have to reconsider the financial envelope.

Annex 1

MAXIMUM OVERALL AMOUNT, RESPECTIVE SHARES AND

INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN OF 6th FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME[8]

Community framework programme

EUR million

First activity[9]:

13 570

Second activity[10]:

600

Third activity[11]:

300

Fourth activity[12]:

1 800

Maximum overall amount

16 270

Indicative breakdown of Community framework programme in main areas:

1)   Integrating research [13] [14]

12 770

  • Genomics and biotechnology for health

2 000

  • Information society technologies

3 600

  • Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, new production processes

1 300

  • Aeronautics and space

1 000

  • Food safety and health risks

600

  • Sustainable development and global change

1 700

  • Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

225

  • Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs[15]

2 345

2)   Structuring the European Research Area

3 050

  • Research and innovation

300

  • Human resources

1 800

  • Research infrastructures

900

  • Science/society

50

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area

450

  • Support for the coordination of activities

400

  • Support for the coherent development of policies

50

Total

16 270

EURATOM framework programme

EUR million

Treatment and storage of nuclear waste

150

Controlled thermonuclear fusion

700[16]

Other activities

50

JRC activities

330[17]

Total

1 230

Grand total

17 500

  • [1] COM(00) 6 of 18.1.2000.
  • [2] COM(01) 94 of 1.3.2001.
  • [3] Public hearing on Quality of Expenditure: the cases of Structural Funds and Research, organised in Brussels on 19 June 2001.
  • [4] Lisbon European Council conclusions of 23-24 March 2000.
  • [5] Five-year assessment of the European Union research and technological development programmes, 1995-1999. July 2000.
  • [6] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 156.
  • [7] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 177.
  • [8] As referred to in Article 164 of the EC Treaty.
  • [9] Covering the activities carried out under the heading "Integrating research", with the exception of international cooperation activities; research infrastructures, and the theme “Science/Society” carried out under the heading "Structuring the European Research Area; and activities carried out under the heading "Strengthening the foundations of European Research Area".
  • [10] Covering the international cooperation activities carried out under the heading "Integrating research ", in the priority areas and under the heading of anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs.
  • [11] Covering the specific activities on the theme "Research and innovation" carried out under the heading "Structuring the European Research Area" in addition to innovation activities carried out under the heading "Integrating research".
  • [12] Covering the activities concerning human resources and support for mobility carried out under the heading "Structuring the European Research Area".
  • [13] The aim is to allocate at least 15% of the financial resources assigned to this heading to SMEs.
  • [14] Including EUR 600 million in total for international cooperation activities.
  • [15] Including EUR 715 million for JRC activities.
  • [16] Of which EUR 200 million is foreseen for participation in the ITER project.
  • [17] Of which EUR 110 million is foreseen for the treatment and storage of waste.

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON CITIZENS' FREEDOMS AND RIGHTS, JUSTICE AND HOME AFFAIRS

11 October 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a Council decision concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European research area

(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

Draftsman: Gianni Vattimo

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs appointed Gianni Vattimo draftsman at its meeting of 10 July 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meeting of 10 October 2001.

At the latter meeting it adopted the following amendments unanimously.

The following were present for the vote: Graham R. Watson, chairman; Robert J.E. Evans, vice-chairman; Gianni Vattimo, draftsman; Charlotte Cederschiöld, Carlos Coelho, Gérard M.J. Deprez, Giuseppe Di Lello Finuoli, Jorge Salvador Hernández Mollar, Margot Keßler, Ole Krarup, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (for Thierry Cornillet), Alain Krivine (for Pernille Frahm), Hartmut Nassauer, Elena Ornella Paciotti, Hubert Pirker, Martine Roure (for Martin Schulz), Ilka Schröder (for Alima Boumediene-Thiery, pursuant to Rule 153(2)), Patsy Sörensen, Joke Swiebel, Anna Terrón i Cusí, Astrid Thors (for Baroness Sarah Ludford, pursuant to Rule 153(2)) and Christian Ulrik von Boetticher.

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

The multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 for Community research and technological development must be presented as an effective instrument for the establishment of the European Research Area, as well as helping to meet the criteria laid down by the European Council at the Lisbon summit: a knowledge-based economy and society must be developed in the European Union, fully recognising the value of innovation, competitiveness and employment, sustainable growth and social cohesion, and promoting a principle of democratic and open governance.

The remarks set out here, concerning the proposal for a decision on the forthcoming framework programme, stress the absolute importance of an emerging public debate and, in general, the need for transparency and a democratic approach in the sector of research and development. We therefore consider it important to insert a paragraph devoted to citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society. However, by the same token, it should be stressed that Community action must also back a series of initiatives aimed at stepping up citizen participation in the debate on the topics linked to the framework programme. New information and consultation procedures must also be devised to involve Union citizens increasingly actively in the framework programme decisions in the areas of the environment, food, and research into health and medicines.

The condition of compliance with fundamental ethical principles, in particular those included in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, must be made binding for the conduct of the research activities envisaged in the framework programme. Article 3 of the proposal for a decision must also contain specific reference to respect for the ethical principles listed in the relevant international conventions, the Council of Europe’s Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the Additional Protocol on Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings, the Universal Declaration on the Genome and Human Rights and the relevant resolutions adopted by the World Health Organisation.

The process of monitoring and assessing the progress made in the implementation of the framework programme is considered of fundamental importance for the achievement of the framework programme’s objectives. This justifies the need for the Commission to submit a general report and an independent assessment of the measures carried out, in good time before the proposal for the subsequent framework programme, as well as the Commission’s preliminary communication to Parliament and the Council on the criteria which it considers should be the basis for the programme’s priorities.

With regard to the priority thematic areas of research and, in particular, the measures envisaged in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health, we would stress the need to identify two specific objectives for the broad strategy to combat the three infectious diseases linked to poverty (AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis) and hence reduce the research deficit, on the part of private pharmaceutical industries, in the field of generic drugs, and to contain the cost patenting drugs inaccessible to the inhabitants of the least developed countries. A review of patent legislation is therefore considered to be a priority for Community action in the sector.

Another specific point is respect for the precautionary principle, in connection with experimentation on genetically modified organisms, which must be guaranteed without compromising the freedom and development of research, using effective procedures and methodologies, in order to ensure food safety for the people of Europe.

Finally, reiterating what was said in the report Parliament adopted on the ‘Echelon’ network, the countries of the Union should develop computer technology independent of the industries of third countries, not only in order to protect European industries, but also and above all to safeguard the privacy of European citizens.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Recital 11

Research activities carried out within the framework programme should respect fundamental ethical principles, notably those which appear in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Research activities carried out within the framework programme must respect fundamental ethical principles, notably those which appear in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Justification

Research activities in general must without fail respect fundamental ethical principles.

Amendment 2
Recital 13

It is appropriate that the Commission should submit regular progress reports on the implementation of the framework programme 2002-2006 and that it should have an independent assessment carried out concerning the implementation of the activities in good time and before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme.

The Commission must submit regular progress reports on the implementation of the framework programme 2002-2006 and must have an independent assessment carried out concerning the implementation of the activities in good time and before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme.

Justification

The Commission must submit to Parliament the report on developments in and the results achieved by the research programme.

Amendment 3
Recital 13c (new)
 

When determining the main thematic areas for future framework programmes, in addition to furnishing Parliament with a detailed report on implementation of the previous framework programme, the Commission must first notify Parliament and the Council of the criteria it intends to use to set priorities for the framework programme.

Justification

The European Parliament and the Council should be informed of the results of the previous framework programme and should also be involved in setting the priorities for the framework programme.

Amendment 4
Recital 13d (new)
 

Information and consultation measures must be implemented with a view to ensuring that European Union citizens are increasingly involved in decisions relating to framework programme themes, particularly those concerning the environment, food and research into health and medicines.

Justification

The Union must make citizens more aware of its efforts in framework programme action areas in which the need for regulation is felt to be most urgent, such as the environment, food safety and pharmaceutical research.

(Amendment 5)
Article 3

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles.

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles.

All the research activities conducted in the context of this framework programme must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles, in particular:

-   the principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU and in the relevant international conventions, such as the Helsinki Declaration adopted in Edinburgh in October 2000;

-   the Council of Europe’s Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, signed in Oviedo on 4 April 1997;

-   the Additional Protocol on the Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings, signed in Paris on 12 January 1998;

-   the Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, adopted by UNESCO;

-   the relevant resolutions adopted by the World Health Organisation (WHO);

Justification

It is necessary and useful to provide a few examples of the legal reference framework on the subject of fundamental ethical principles with which research must comply.

(Amendment 6)
Annex 1, point 1.1.1.

1.1.1.   Genomics and biotechnology for health


Objective


The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, more particularly for the benefit of public health and citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry.


Justification of the effort and European added value


‘Post-genomic’ research based on analysis of the human genome and genomes of model (animal, plant and microbial) organisms, will culminate in numerous applications in various sectors, and notably in the development of new diagnostic tools and new treatments capable of helping to combat diseases that are not at present under control, offering major potential markets.


However, this work requires considerable and sustained financial outlay. In the United States, public and private spending on post-genomic research is rising steadily and significantly: nearly 2 billion dollars of public-sector funding per annum, essentially managed by the NIH[2] (the total budget for which will increase by 14.4% in 2001) and twice as much industrial funding.


Europe's spending on research is at present much lower and less coherent. The launching of publicly funded research programmes on post-genome research in several Member States is a big step in the right direction. All in all, however, the efforts made are inadequate and dispersed.


European industry also spends much less on research than US industry does: 70% of genomics companies are located in the United States and a substantial and increasing proportion of European private-sector investment is made in that country.


To enable the EU to improve its position in this area and benefit fully from the economic and social spin-offs of the expected developments, it is necessary both to increase investment significantly and integrate the research activities conducted in Europe within a coherent effort.


Actions envisaged


The Community activities carried out to this end will address the following aspects:
- Fundamental knowledge and basic tools for functional genomics:
- gene expression and proteomics;
- structural genomics;
- comparative genomics and population genetics;
- bioinformatics;
- application of knowledge and technologies in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health:
- technological platforms for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic tools;
- support for innovative research in genomics start-up companies.
– Application of medical genomics knowledge and technologies in the following fields:
- combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases and rare diseases;
- combating resistance to drugs;
- studying human development, the brain and the ageing process.


A broader approach will be pursued with regard to combating the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (Aids, malaria and tuberculosis) which have priority in terms of disease control at EU and international level.

1.1.1.   Genomics and biotechnology for health


Objective


The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, more particularly for the benefit of public health and citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry.


Justification of the effort and European added value


‘Post-genomic’ research based on analysis of the human genome and genomes of model (animal, plant and microbial) organisms, will culminate in numerous applications in various sectors, and notably in the development of new diagnostic tools and new treatments capable of helping to combat diseases that are not at present under control, offering major potential markets.


However, this work requires considerable and sustained financial outlay. In the United States, public and private spending on post-genomic research is rising steadily and significantly: nearly 2 billion dollars of public-sector funding per annum, essentially managed by the NIH1 (the total budget for which will increase by 14.4% in 2001) and twice as much industrial funding.


Europe's spending on research is at present much lower and less coherent. The launching of publicly funded research programmes on post-genome research in several Member States is a big step in the right direction. All in all, however, the efforts made are inadequate and dispersed.


European industry also spends much less on research than US industry does: 70% of genomics companies are located in the United States and a substantial and increasing proportion of European private-sector investment is made in that country.


To enable the EU to improve its position in this area and benefit fully from the economic and social spin-offs of the expected developments, it is necessary both to increase investment significantly and integrate the research activities conducted in Europe within a coherent effort.


Actions envisaged


The Community activities carried out to this end will address the following aspects:
- Fundamental knowledge and basic tools for functional genomics:
- gene expression and proteomics;
- structural genomics;
- comparative genomics and population genetics;
- bioinformatics;
- application of knowledge and technologies in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health:
- technological platforms for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic tools;
- support for innovative research in genomics start-up companies.
– Application of medical genomics knowledge and technologies in the following fields:
- combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases and rare diseases;
- combating resistance to drugs;
- studying human development, the brain and the ageing process.


A broader approach will be pursued with regard to combating the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (Aids, malaria and tuberculosis) which have priority in terms of disease control at EU and international level.

The Union will promote this research above all with a view to: (a) filling the gaps in the research carried out by private pharmaceutical companies in the field of ‘generic’ drugs to treat diseases particularly widespread in poor countries, which are unprofitable; (b) reducing (by promoting public funding for university laboratories) the cost of patenting drugs which (as in the case of AIDS) are as yet inaccessible to patients living in less-developed countries.

Justification

The Union’s commitment at international level should be to invest in research activities aimed at facilitating access for all citizens to medical care. It therefore seems appropriate to specify some of the ways in which this aim should be achieved.

(Amendment 7)
Annex I, point 1.1.2., final indent

-   Multisensorial interfaces capable of understanding and interpreting the natural expression of human beings through words, gestures and the various senses, virtual environments, as well as multilinguistic and multicultural systems indispensable to the establishment of the knowledge-based society on a European scale.

-   Multisensorial interfaces capable of understanding and interpreting the natural expression of human beings through words, gestures and the various senses, virtual environments, as well as multilinguistic and multicultural systems indispensable to the establishment of the knowledge-based society on a European scale.

As the EP’s report on the Echelon network recently showed, the countries of the Union should develop computer technology (means of transmission, encryption and decryption) independent of the industries of third countries (the USA above all), not only in order to protect European industries, but also and in particular with a view to respect for the privacy of EU citizens.

Justification

In this connection it should be remembered that the report Parliament adopted on the Echelon system calls on the Commission to focus its efforts on the development of a computer technology to ensure the protection of European industries and the privacy of Union citizens.

(Amendment 8)
Annex I, point 1.1.5.

1.1.5.   Food safety and health risks


Objective


The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food-related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

Justification of the effort and European added value


The recent food crises, and in particular BSE, have highlighted both the complexity of food safety issues and the fact that in most cases they have international and cross-border implications. The integration of the European internal market as regards agriculture and food makes it necessary to address the problems that arise in this area, and hence to carry out related research, on a European scale. It is against this background that the European Food Authority will shortly be established.


Citizens and consumers expect that research will help to guarantee that the food and products marketed are safe and healthy and can be consumed in total safety.


This requires the availability of the most complete, precise and up to date scientific knowledge. Apart from the public health aspect, the prosperity of a sector representing some EUR 600 billion in terms of annual turnover and 2.6 million jobs is at stake.


Europe also needs to be able to make a substantial contribution to the research efforts on these issues, which now arise at world level, as well as a coherent contribution to the international debate on them, based on the most precise and complete knowledge.


The same remarks apply to the various aspects of the problems associated with the health impact of environmental changes which are a source of growing concern for European citizens, and which often manifest themselves on an international scale. For all these reasons, but also in order to derive the benefit of the combination of the best sources of expertise available in complex areas, the research in question should be carried out at European level in such a way as to ensure genuine coordination of national activities.


Actions envisaged


Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:
- methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type);
- impact of animal feed, and the use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, on human health;
- ‘traceability’ processes, in particular relating to genetically modified organisms, including those based on recent biotechnology developments;

-   safer production methods and healthier foodstuffs, including those based on biotechnologies and on organic farming processes;
- epidemiology of food-related diseases and genetic susceptibilities;
- impact of food, and in particular products containing genetically modified organisms, on health;
- environmental health risks, with emphasis being placed on cumulative risks, transmission routes to human beings, long-term effects and exposure to small doses, as well as the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and especially children.

1.1.5.   Food safety and health risks


Objective


The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food-related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.


Justification of the effort and European added value


The recent food crises, and in particular BSE, have highlighted both the complexity of food safety issues and the fact that in most cases they have international and cross-border implications. The integration of the European internal market as regards agriculture and food makes it necessary to address the problems that arise in this area, and hence to carry out related research, on a European scale. It is against this background that the European Food Authority will shortly be established.


Citizens and consumers expect that research will help to guarantee that the food and products marketed are safe and healthy and can be consumed in total safety.


This requires the availability of the most complete, precise and up to date scientific knowledge. Apart from the public health aspect, the prosperity of a sector representing some EUR 600 billion in terms of annual turnover and 2.6 million jobs is at stake.


Europe also needs to be able to make a substantial contribution to the research efforts on these issues, which now arise at world level, as well as a coherent contribution to the international debate on them, based on the most precise and complete knowledge.


The same remarks apply to the various aspects of the problems associated with the health impact of environmental changes which are a source of growing concern for European citizens, and which often manifest themselves on an international scale. For all these reasons, but also in order to derive the benefit of the combination of the best sources of expertise available in complex areas, the research in question should be carried out at European level in such a way as to ensure genuine coordination of national activities.


Actions envisaged


Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:
- methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type);
- impact of animal feed, and the use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, on human health;
- ‘traceability’ processes, in particular relating to genetically modified organisms, including those based on recent biotechnology developments;

-   procedures and methods capable of ensuring application of the precautionary principle to experiments using GMOs, whilst respecting the requirements of the freedom and development of research.
- safer production methods and healthier foodstuffs, including those based on biotechnologies and on organic farming processes;
- epidemiology of food-related diseases and genetic susceptibilities;
- impact of food, and in particular products containing genetically modified organisms, on health;
- environmental health risks, with emphasis being placed on cumulative risks, transmission routes to human beings, long-term effects and exposure to small doses, as well as the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and especially children.

Justification

Specific reference to application of the precautionary principle to experiments with GMOs is needed.

(Amendment 9)
Annex I, 1.1.7.

Actions envisaged

Action by the Community will focus on the following themes:


Knowledge-based society

-   Improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe;
- options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;
- variety of transition dynamics towards the knowledge-based society at local, national and regional level.


Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance
– consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions;
- redefinition of areas of competence and responsibility, and new forms of governance;
- security issues connected with the resolution of conflicts and restoration of peace and justice;
- emergence of new forms of citizenship and identities, forms and impact of cultural diversity in Europe.


In operational terms, Community activities will focus on support for:


-   transnational research and comparative studies and the coordinated development of statistics and qualitative and quantitative indicators;
- interdisciplinary research in support of public policies;
- the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

Actions envisaged


Action by the Community will focus on the following themes:


Knowledge-based society

-   improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe;
- options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;
- variety of transition dynamics towards the knowledge-based society at local, national and regional level.


Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance
– consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions;
- redefinition of areas of competence and responsibility, and new forms of governance;
- security issues connected with the resolution of conflicts and restoration of peace and justice;
- emergence of new forms of citizenship and identities, forms and impact of cultural diversity in Europe.


In operational terms, Community activities will focus on support for:

-   transnational research and comparative studies and the coordinated development of statistics and qualitative and quantitative indicators;
- interdisciplinary research in support of public policies;
- the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

-   initiatives aimed at stepping up citizen participation in the debate on topics linked with the framework programme.

Justification

The involvement of the population must be a constant priority in every Union activity, as happens, for example, in the ‘conferences des citizens’ tried out in France and elsewhere.

(Amendment 10)
Annex I, point 2.4.

Actions envisaged


In line with the Commission Staff Working Paper ‘Science, Society and Citizens in Europe’[3] the activities carried out in this area in the whole field of science and technology will particularly address the following themes:

-   Bringing research closer to society : Science and governance; scientific advice; involvement of society in research; foresight;
- Ensuring that use of scientific and technological progress takes place in a responsible fashion: risk; expertise; implementing the precautionary principle; European reference system; ethics;


-   Stepping up the science/society dialogue: new forms of dialogue; knowledge of science by citizens; young people's interest in scientific careers; women in science and research.

They will take the form of activities in support of:


-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;
- exchange of experience and good practice;
- carrying out specific research;
- high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;
- establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes.

Actions envisaged


In line with the Commission Staff Working Paper ‘Science, Society and Citizens in Europe’1 the activities carried out in this area in the whole field of science and technology will particularly address the following themes:

- Bringing research closer to society : Science and governance; scientific advice; involvement of society in research; foresight;
- Ensuring that use of scientific and technological progress takes place in a responsible fashion: risk; expertise; implementing the precautionary principle; European reference system; ethics;

-   Revision of patent legislation in order to reduce the burden of the cost of patents on products of general use such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnologies;
- Stepping up the science/society dialogue: new forms of dialogue; knowledge of science by citizens; young people's interest in scientific careers; women in science and research.


They will take the form of activities in support of:


-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;
- exchange of experience and good practice;
- carrying out specific research;
- high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;
- establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies on the different themes.

Justification

The advisability of revising the legislation on patents should be assessed, in order to reduce their burden on the costs of products of general use.

  • [1] OJ C ....
  • [2] National Institutes of Health
  • [3] SEC (2000) 1973

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS

18 September 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a Council decision concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European research area

(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

Draftsman: Mario Mantovani

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Employment and Social Affairs appointed Mario Mantovani draftsman at its meeting of 15 March 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meetings of 10 July and 12 September 2001.

At the latter meeting it adopted the following amendments by 33 votes with 2 abstentions.

The following were present for the vote: Michel Rocard, chairman; Marie-Thérèse Hermange and José Ribeiro e Castro, vice-chairmen; Mario Mantovani, draftsman; Jan Andersson, Elspeth Attwooll (for Luciana Sbarbati), María Antonia Avilés Perea, Regina Bastos, Andre Brie (for Herman Schmid), Philip Bushill-Matthews, Luigi Cocilovo, Elisa Maria Damião, Proinsias De Rossa, Jillian Evans, Carlo Fatuzzo, Ilda Figueiredo, Fiorella Ghilardotti, Marie-Hélène Gillig, Anne-Karin Glase, Richard Howitt (for Claude Moraes), Stephen Hughes, Karin Jöns, Ioannis Koukiadis, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Jean Lambert, Elizabeth Lynne, Manuel Medina Ortega (for Alejandro Cercas), Manuel Pérez Álvarez, Bartho Pronk, Jean Saint-Josse, Ilkka Suominen, Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Ieke van den Burg, Anne E.M. Van Lancker and Barbara Weiler.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Employment and Social Affairs calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

1. INTEGRATING EUROPEAN RESEARCH

1.1.   Priority thematic areas of research

1.1.2. Information society technologies

Amendment 1
Section 'Justification of the effort and European added value', last paragraph

Community actions will concentrate on the technological priorities that will make it possible to realise this vision. They will aim at mobilising the community of researchers around targeted initiatives, such as the development of the next generations of mobile communication systems, so as to achieve medium and long-term objectives while being able to react to the new needs and demands of markets as well as public policy.

Community actions will concentrate on the technological priorities that will make it possible to realise this vision. They will aim at mobilising the community of researchers around targeted initiatives, such as the development of the next generations of mobile communication systems and of operational systems and hardware for the development of computers, so as to achieve medium and long-term objectives while being able to react to the new needs and demands of markets as well as public and social policy.

Justification

Europe is heavily dependent on the USA and Japan for hardware development. There are considerable risks involved in Europe's failure to keep pace in this core area of the new economy. If Europe totally abandons this field to its competitors on the world market, the implications for the development of European technology and, ultimately, for employment could be serious. European research must, therefore, also concentrate on hardware development.

Amendment 2
Section 'Actions envisaged', first indent

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   the development of operating systems and hardware for the production of European computers and ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age, disability and other particular situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

Justification

It is particularly important that the new information technologies are used to help disabled people and people with specific needs.

Amendment 3
Section "Actions envisaged", indent 1

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all regardless of age or situation, as well as interactive and intelligence systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring. Intelligence systems should be particularly aimed at securing access for and participation by socially excluded and disadvantaged groups in society including disabled people; covering both design for all principles and assistive technologies in this field.

Justification

To clarify the meaning of the phrase and highlight the need for the information society to be accessible to disadvantaged groups. Disabled people are particularly concerned as regards their particular access requirements to the information society and intelligence systems. The Lisbon Summit conclusions and the Social Policy Agenda also made particular reference to disability access to Information communication technologies. Therefore, disabled people should be explicitly referred to under this action.

1.1.5. Food safety and health risks

Amendment 4
Heading

Food safety and health risks

Safety and health protection: food safety, health and safety at work, environmental health risks

Justification

Approximately 4.5 million accidents occur at work each year, some 5000 of which are fatal. Research should, therefore, also cover measures to prevent occupational diseases and accidents at work.

Amendment 5
Section 'Objective'

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food‑related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food‑related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes, working conditions or factors in the work environment.

Justification

Approximately 4.5 million accidents occur at work each year, some 5000 of which are fatal. Research should, therefore, also cover measures to prevent occupational diseases and accidents at work.

Amendment 6
Section 'Justification of the effort and European added value', new paragraph after last paragraph
 

The impact of work on the health and safety of workers is an important issue for a great deal of EU citizens. Over 5,000 workers are killed and over 4.5 million accidents occur every year as a result of workplace accidents in the EU. Equally, 77% of consumers interviewed in a recent European survey believe that protecting the health and safety of workers is an important area to which companies should contribute or support (health and safety coming above human rights and the environment). Through targeted and coordinated research across Europe, into safety management, safe working conditions and practices, work equipment and products, many accidents and illnesses could be avoided. Research will be one of the priority themes in the EU’s new European Safety and Health Strategy 2002.

Justification

The new European Strategy on Safety and Health at Work will be adopted in early 2002. Research will be one of the key areas for attention in the Strategy. Unless a safety and health element is included at this stage in the EU Research programme, the first 3 years of the EU safety and health strategy will lack one of the key tools necessary in order to carry out the EU safety and health strategy.

Amendment 7
Section 'Actions envisaged', first sentence

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks associated with food, environmental factors, the work environment and working conditions:

Justification

Approximately 4.5 million accidents occur at work each year, some 5000 of which are fatal. Research should, therefore, also cover measures to prevent occupational diseases and accidents at work.

Amendment 8
Section 'Actions envisaged', eighth indent (new)
 

-   work-related safety and health risks, with main emphasis on the changing world of work and the impact of new technologies and work practices on workers’ safety and health, such as musculo-skeletal disorders and ergonomic factors, psycho-social issues (e.g. work-related stress), the use and substitution of new chemicals and substances and accident prevention.

Justification

Approximately 4.5 million accidents occur at work each year, some 5000 of which are fatal. Research should, therefore, also cover measures to prevent occupational diseases and accidents at work.

1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change

Amendment 9
Section 'Justification of the effort and European added value', third indent (new)
 

-   a better understanding of the impact of globalisation of the economy on employment and the labour market.

Justification

Research on sustainability should also take account of globalisation of the economy.

Amendment 10
Annex I, Chapter 1.1.6., section 'Actions envisaged', new paragraph after last paragraph
 

Globalisation and sustainable development:

 

Community activities will concentrate particularly on studies into the impact of globalisation of the economy on employment and the labour market.

Justification

Research on sustainability should also take account of globalisation of the economy.

1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society

Amendment 11
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', Title

Knowledge-based society

Knowledge-based society and social cohesion

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 12
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', first indent
 

Research with reference to the objectives set by the Lisbon European Council and subsequent Councils, and with reference to the objectives of the social policy agenda, in particular:

-   improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe;

Improving the production, transmission and utilisation of knowledge in Europe, life-long learning and gearing the education systems to the educational requirements of the future;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 13
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', second indent

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge‑based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

Research in the field of employment and labour market policies

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 14
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', new indent
after second indent
 

-   improving the quality of work and adapting to change, and improving the quality of life;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 15
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', new indent
after second indent
 

-   non-discrimination and equality of opportunity, including implementation of the 'mainstreaming' approach;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 16
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', new indent
after second indent
 

-   strengthening social cohesion and combating social exclusion;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 17
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', new indent
after second indent
 

-   investigating the need to reform the European social model, particularly pension schemes, in the light of demographic change and the enlargement of the EU;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 18
Section 'Actions envisaged', sub-section 'Knowledge-based society', third indent

-   variety of transition dynamics towards the knowledge‑based society at local, national and regional level.

-   variety of transition dynamics towards the knowledge‑based society at local, national and regional level, and in line with sustainable development;

Justification

The amendment clarifies the definition of 'knowledge-based society' while also taking account of the aspects of the social policy agenda not yet covered.

Amendment 19
Section "Actions envisaged", subheading "Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance", first indent

-   consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions;

 

Justification

The aim of this amendment is to achieve a balance between the actions envisaged: the foreign affairs aspect concerning security must be counterbalanced by a home affairs aspect concerning issues coming within home affairs and the observance of fundamental rights.

Amendment 20
Section "Actions envisaged", subheading "Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance", second indent

-   redefinition of areas of competence and responsibility, and new forms of governance;

-   redefinition of areas of competence and responsibility between the levels of government existing within the European Union, and new forms of governance;

Justification

The aim of this amendment is to achieve a balance between the actions envisaged: the foreign affairs aspect concerning security must be counterbalanced by a home affairs aspect concerning issues coming within home affairs and the observance of fundamental rights.

Amendment 21
Section "Actions envisaged", subheading "Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance", third indent

-   security issues connected with the resolution of conflicts and restoration of peace and justice;

 

Justification

The aim of this amendment is to achieve a balance between the actions envisaged: the foreign affairs aspect concerning security must be counterbalanced by a home affairs aspect concerning issues coming within home affairs and the observance of fundamental rights.

Amendment 22
Section "Actions envisaged", subheading "Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance", new indent after third indent
 

-   safeguard of fundamental rights and improved cooperation between the European Union and the Member States in the area of justice and home affairs;

Justification

The aim of this amendment is to achieve a balance between the actions envisaged: the foreign affairs aspect concerning security must be counterbalanced by a home affairs aspect concerning issues coming within home affairs and the observance of fundamental rights.

Amendment 23
Section "Actions envisaged", subheading "Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance", fourth indent

-   emergence of new forms of citizenship and identities, forms and impact of cultural diversity in Europe;

-   emergence of new forms of citizenship and identities, forms and impact of cultural diversity in Europe, with special attention to the protection of linguistic minorities.

Justification

The aim of this amendment is to achieve a balance between the actions envisaged: the foreign affairs aspect concerning security must be counterbalanced by a home affairs aspect concerning issues coming within home affairs and the observance of fundamental rights.

Amendment 24
Section "Justification of the effort and European added value", paragraph 3

Europe’s transition towards a knowledge-based economy and society, and its sustainable development in the interests of the quality of life of all citizens will be all the easier if it takes place in a way which is properly understood and managed. This requires a substantial research effort concerning the issues of integrated and sustainable economic and social progress based on the fundamental values of justice and solidarity which characterise the European model of society. In this respect, economic, political, social and human sciences research should more particularly help to ensure the harnessing and exploitation of an exponentially increasing quantity of information and knowledge and an understanding of the processes at work in this area.

Europe’s transition towards a knowledge-based economy and society, and its sustainable development in the interests of the quality of life of all citizens will be all the easier if it takes place in a way which is properly understood and managed. Particular attention should be given to disadvantaged and socially excluded groups such as disabled people, low income groups and elderly people. This requires a substantial research effort concerning the issues of integrated and sustainable economic and social progress based on the fundamental values of justice and solidarity which characterise the European model of society. In this respect, economic, political, social and human sciences research should more particularly help to ensure the harnessing and exploitation of an exponentially increasing quantity of information and knowledge and an understanding of the processes at work in this area.

Justification

Particular attention should be given in the context of quality of life measures to improve the status of more vulnerable social groups such as disabled people, low income people and elderly people; those groups which are particularly marginalised in a knowledge-based society.

1.2.   Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

Amendment 25
Third indent (new)
 

-   enable the themes which have already received initial consideration under the Fifth Framework Programme (for example, research into the ageing of the population) to be followed up and explored in greater depth.

Justification

The framework programme should also cover research in the socio-economic field. Even though it is objectively difficult to carry out research and collect statistics in this area, studies could at least be drawn up on the basis of indicators and reference models for all European countries which do not carry out specific research into the ageing of the population.

1.2.1.   Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals

Amendment 26
Fifth sub-indent new)
 

-   Research relating to the needs of disabled people and means to ensure their full and equal inclusion in society; to enhance the quality of life and independence of disabled people

Justification

It is regrettable that research relating to disabled people has been discontinued. Research activities should go beyond a purely commercial approach and that social issues as well as consumer requirements should be addressed.

In the case of disabled people this means that quality of life must be achieved through the development of products such as assistive devices, but also including research on support structures and independent living centres for disabled people, rehabilitation, accessibility in urban development, housing and transport. An approach supported by the European Parliament Resolution on "Towards a Barrier free Europe for people with disabilities".

Amendment 27
Paragraph 1, first indent, third sub-indent

research in support of the objectives set for the EU by the European Council, for example the objectives set by the Lisbon and Feira European Councils with regard to economic policy, Information Society and e‑Europe, enterprise, social policy and employment, education and training, including the requisite statistical methods and tools;

research in support of competitiveness and social cohesion, for example in support of the objectives set by the Lisbon and Feira European Councils with regard to economic policy, the social policy agenda adopted by the Nice European Council and the additional aims set out by the European Parliament in its related resolution concerning the Information Society and e‑Europe, enterprise, social policy and employment, social protection (with particular reference to the challenges of demographic change and enlargement), education and training, including the requisite statistical methods and tools;

Justification

The amendment gives more detailed clarification of the European Council's social and economic objectives.

Amendment 28
Sub-section 'Specific research activities for SMEs', first paragraph

SMEs will participate in the framework programme essentially in the context of the activities carried out in the priority thematic areas.

SMEs will participate in the framework programme essentially in the context of the activities carried out in the priority thematic areas; specific measures will be drawn up to encourage their participation.

Justification

There is a risk in the Commission's focus on research through large-scale projects that SMEs are excluded from the research programme. Special measures must, therefore, be introduced to facilitate access to the programmes for SMEs.

1.2.1.   Joint Research Centre activities

Amendment 29
New paragraphs after last paragraph (new)
 

Finally the JRC will have the following horizontal tasks within the framework of its powers:

 

-   Networking

-   Promoting networks of researchers, national research establishments and businesses, and coordination of networks of excellence in the specific fields of JRC research.

 

-   Training

-   Training researchers and participating in mobility programmes.

 

-   Enlargement and international cooperation

-   Preparing for the forthcoming enlargement of the EU and strengthening international cooperation, in particular by promoting exchanges of knowledge with research establishments in the applicant countries and third countries, and implementing joint projects.

Justification

There is a need to define the tasks of the Joint Research Centre over and above its research activity in specific fields. As a central body, the JRC is in the best position to take on horizontal tasks under the research programme.

2.   Structuring the European Research Area

2.1.   Research and innovation

Amendment 30
Section "Justification of the effort and European added value"

Europe's comparatively poor ability to transform the results of research work and scientific and technological breakthroughs into industrial, economic and commercial successes, is one of its most notable weaknesses. Actions to stimulate business innovation at European level can help to raise the overall level of Europe's performance and increase European capacities in this area, by helping businesses and innovators in their efforts to operate on a European scale and on international markets, and by giving stakeholders in all regions of the EU the benefit of the experience and knowledge acquired in other regions through initiatives undertaken at this level.

Europe's comparatively poor ability to transform the results of research work and scientific and technological breakthroughs into industrial, economic and commercial successes, is one of its most notable weaknesses. Actions to stimulate business innovation at European level can help to raise the overall level of Europe's performance and increase European capacities in this area, by helping businesses and innovators in their efforts to operate on a European scale and on international markets, and by giving stakeholders in all regions of the EU the benefit of the experience and knowledge acquired in other regions through initiatives undertaken at this level. Activities supported in the field of research and innovation should ensure user involvement in the development of innovations.

Justification

A weakness of former EU research programmes has been low level of user participation in the projects supported by the programmes. In recent years the principle of user involvement has started to become a reality and an accepted approach in Research and development work; this positive shift in thinking should be reflected in the new Framework Programme.

For the results of research and development to have effective practical application, it must be acknowledged that user involvement is essential. Users know best what their needs are and which new products and services they can most benefit from in practice.

Amendment 31
Section "Actions envisaged", paragraph 3, indent 1

-   networking of stakeholders in the European innovation system and carrying out analyses and studies in order to promote exchanges of experience and good practice;

-   networking of stakeholders and users in the European innovation system and carrying out analyses and studies in order to promote exchanges of experience and good practice;

Justification

See justification to amendment 30.

2.2.   Human resources and mobility

Amendment 32
Section 'Actions envisaged', second indent

-   individual support measures for European researchers for the purposes of mobility to another European or a third country, and for top-class third-country researchers wishing to come to Europe;

-   individual support measures for European researchers and young researchers in training who have already concluded their studies for the purposes of mobility to another European or a third country, and for third-country researchers and young researchers in training who have already concluded their studies wishing to come to Europe;

Justification

This amendment seeks to open up the European research area as wide as possible for mobility. It would be wrong to restrict the access of third-country researchers to 'top-class' researchers. The young researchers of today are the top-class researchers of tomorrow.

Amendment 33
Section 'Actions envisaged', third indent

-   mechanisms for return to the countries and regions of origin, as well as professional (re-)integration mechanisms, in particular linked to the granting of global and individual support;

-   mechanisms for the integration of researchers and their families in the host country, for return to the countries and regions of origin, as well as professional (re-)integration mechanisms, ensuring close cooperation with the EURES programme;

Justification

Mobility programmes for researchers are only effective if they take account of researchers' family circumstances. The Commission's proposal to provide assistance only for return to the country of origin is also inadequate.

2.3.   Research infrastructures

Amendment 34
Section 'Actions envisaged', new indent after fourth indent (new)
 

-   measures to remove obstacles to mobility, including support structures for dismantling administrative rules affecting mobility.

Justification

According to the Commission's action plan to remove obstacles to the mobility of researchers and students, police procedures and other administrative rules are a fundamental reason for low mobility rates among researchers. Although this problem must be resolved primarily by adapting the 'acquis communautaire' in relation to immigration and the right of residence, the present research programme can at least go some way towards simplifying administration.

2.4.   Science/society

Amendment 35
Section "Actions envisaged", indent 1
(amendment to indent 2 does to apply to the English version)

–   Bringing research closer to society : Science and governance; scientific advice; involvement of society in research; foresight;

-   Bringing research closer to society: science and governance; scientific advice; involvement of society, which would include users, in research; foresight;

Justification

For the results of research and development to have effective practical application, it must be acknowledged that user involvement is essential. Users know best what their needs are and which new products and services they can most benefit from in practice.

With regard to scientific and technological research, adherence to strong ethical principles is essential. Particular caution must be taken to safeguard the interests of vulnerable groups such as disabled people with significant disabilities, ethical principles which ensure prior informed consent of the individual regarding their participation in a project. In the case of persons unable to represent themselves, their parents / family must give prior informed consent.

3.   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area

Amendment 36
Section "Actions envisaged", paragraph 1, indent 1, sub-indent 2

-   networking of research activities conducted at national level.

-   networking of research activities conducted at the national and EU level[1].

Footnote:

The EU research network on work-related health and safety in the form of the "Topic Centre on Research – Work and Health" of the Bilbao European Agency for Safety and Health at Work is a good example of such networking.

Justification

The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work has set up a unique EU network of national research centres on occupational safety and health. This network called "Topic Centre on Research – Work and Health" brings together national occupational safety and health research institutes in the form of a consortium under the co-ordination of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.

Amendment 37
Section 3 "Actions envisaged", paragraph 2, indent 1, sub-indent 2

–   setting-up and support for the operation of specialised working groups and forums for concertation and political debate;

–   setting-up and support for the operation of specialised working groups and forums for concertation and political debate, also involving user groups;

Justification

For the results of research and development to have effective practical application, it must be acknowledged that user involvement is essential. Users know best what their needs are and which new products and services they can most benefit from in practice.

ANNEX II: MAXIMUM OVERALL AMOUNT, RESPECTIVE SHARES AND INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN

Amendment 38
Table, point 1) 'Integrating research', footnote 43

1)   Integrating research 43 44

1)   Integrating research 43 44

43 The aim is to allocate at least 15% of the financial resources assigned to this heading to SMEs.

43 The aim is to allocate at least 20% of the financial resources assigned to this heading to SMEs.

Justification

SMEs are the driving forces of economic growth and employment. Their access to research must be given particular encouragement.

Amendment 39
Table, point 1) 'Integrating research', last indent, footnote
  • Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs 45
  • Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs 45

45 Including EUR 715 million for JRC activities.

45 Including EUR 750 million for JRC activities.

Justification

This amendment is related to the amendment to Annex I, Chapter 1.2.2., 'Joint Research Centre activities', which broadens the tasks of the JRC.

Amendment 40
Table, point 1) 'Integrating research', seventh indent
  • Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

225

  • Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

300

Justification

This amendment is related to the amendment to Annex I, Chapter 1.1.7, 'Actions envisaged' under 'Knowledge-based society' which broadens this area of research considerably. Should this amendment be adopted, the total for all activities given at the bottom of the table must be increased by 75 million euro.

ANNEX III: INSTRUMENTS AND DETAILED RULES FOR COMMUNITY FINANCIAL PARTICIPATION

1.   INSTRUMENTS

1.1.   Instruments to integrate research

1.1.1.   Networks of excellence

Amendment 41
fifth paragraph

The networks of excellence will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals.

The networks of excellence will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals. Provision will be made for special measures to encourage the participation of SMEs.

Justification

There is a risk in the Commission's focus on research through large-scale projects that SMEs are excluded from the research programme. Special measures must, therefore, be introduced to facilitate access to the programmes for SMEs.

2.   DETAILED RULES FOR FINANCIAL PARTICIPATION BY THE COMMUNITY

Amendment 42
Fifth paragraph

Financial participation by the Community will, as a general principle, be decided following open calls for proposals or invitation to tender procedures.

Financial participation by the Community will, as a general principle, be decided following open calls for proposals or invitation to tender procedures. The Joint Research Centre will be able to participate in these procedures without restriction.

Justification

The amendment makes clear that the JRC can take part in invitations to tender under the research framework programme and that its funding is not confined solely to its own budget heading. Participation in tendering for contracts enables the JRC to stay in touch with other research establishments and to cater to the market.

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE ENVIRONMENT, PUBLIC HEALTH AND CONSUMER POLICY

18 September 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research area

(COM(2001) 94 - C5-0087/2001 - 2001/0053(COD)

Draftsman: Peter Liese

PROCEDURE

The Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy appointed Peter Liese draftsman at its meeting of 11 April 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meetings of 28 August and 13 September 2001 .

At the last meeting it adopted the following conclusions by 46 votes to 0, with 1 abstention.

The following were present for the vote: Caroline F. Jackson, chairman; Guido Sacconi, Alexander de Roo, vice chairmen; Peter Liese, draftsman; María del Pilar Ayuso González, Hans Blokland, David Robert Bowe, John Bowis, Hiltrud Breyer, Philip Bushill-Matthews (for Martin Callanan), Dorette Corbey, Chris Davies, Avril Doyle, Anne Ferreira, Christel Fiebiger (for Roseline Vachetta), Karl-Heinz Florenz, Robert Goodwill, Françoise Grossetête, Cristina Gutiérrez Cortines, Anneli Hulthén, Marie Anne Isler Béguin, Hedwig Keppelhoff-Wiechert (for Cristina García-Orcoyen Tormo), Christa Klaß, Eija-Riitta Anneli Korhola, Hans Kronberger, Bernd Lange, Peter Liese, Giorgio Lisi (for Jorge Moreira da Silva), Torben Lund, Jules Maaten, Minerva Melpomeni Malliori, Maria Martens (for Giuseppe Nisticò), Pietro-Paolo Mennea (for Marit Paulsen), Emilia Franziska Müller, Rosemarie Müller, Riitta Myller, Karl Erik Olsson, Béatrice Patrie, Frédérique Ries, Dagmar Roth-Behrendt, Giacomo Santini, Karin Scheele, Renate Sommer (for Horst Schnellhardt), María Sornosa Martínez, Bart Staes (for Inger Schörling), Catherine Stihler, Antonios Trakatellis, Claude Turmes (for Jim Fitzsimons pursuant to Rule 166(3)), Kathleen Van Brempt (for Joaquim Vairinhos), Phillip Whitehead.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Recital -1 (new)
 

(-1) Article 2 of the Treaty gives the Community the overall objective of sustainable development.

Justification

The objective of sustainable development needs to be the overarching reference for the research framework programme.

Amendment 2
Recital 11

(11)   Research activities carried out within the framework programme should respect fundamental ethical principles, notably those which appear in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

(11)   Research activities carried out within the framework programme should respect fundamental ethical principles, notably those which appear in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as well as the principles contained in the Protocol on animal welfare agreed at Amsterdam and annexed to the Treaty.

Justification

The Protocol on animal welfare agreed at Amsterdam and annexed to the Treaty places an obligation on the Commission and Council to pay full regard to the welfare of animals when formulating and implementing research policies.

Amendment 3
Article 3

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in compliance with fundamental ethical principles.

All the research activities carried out under the framework programme 2002-2006 must be carried out in full compliance with relevant national laws, Community and international law, with fundamental ethical principles and with the objective of sustainable development.

Justification

Reference to relevant national laws, Community and international law draws from Article 7 of Decision No. 182/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the 5th framework programme (1998-2002). It is important to emphasise that sustainable development must be mainstreamed in all EU policy.

Amendment 4
Article 3a (new)
 

Article 3a

The framework programme shall be based on the obligation contained in Article 6 of the Amsterdam Treaty and on the Göteborg European Council conclusions on sustainability.

Justification

The environmental integration and sustainability principles must be applied in every field.

Amendment 5
Article 4

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 173 of the Treaty.

Progress with implementing the framework programme 2002-2006, and in particular progress towards achieving its objectives and meeting its priorities, shall be presented in detail in the report to be published by the Commission each year pursuant to Article 173 of the Treaty. In addition, the Commission shall lay down performance indicators and qualitative evaluation criteria, monitor achievement of results, and have an evaluation carried out by independent high-level experts of the activities funded by the Community under this programme in the third year (mid-term evaluation). The evaluations shall particularly assess the impact achieved and the efficiency of the use of resources. The evaluations shall also assess whether the activities implemented under this programme are consistent with and complement those measures and actions taken under other related Community programmes. At the latest 40 months after the entry into force of the Decision, the Commission shall submit a mid-term report evaluating the achievement of results to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. The mid-term evaluation report shall be used as a basis for possible modifications, such as the changing of priorities for the remainder of the programme.

Justification

Given the enormous speed of scientific developments, there may already be a need after three years to adjust the programme and its priorities to new developments and/or needs. Paragraph 1 also requires the Commission to lay down beforehand performance as well as qualitative evaluation criteria which are necessary for the selection and the evaluation of the various activities provided for under the programme. A mid-term evaluation is also provided for in the Commission proposal for a decision adopting a programme of Community action in the field of public health (2001-2006) [see COM(2000) 285, Article 11 and Amendment 77 adopted by Parliament at first reading (A5-0104/2001)].

Amendment 6
Article 5

Before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme, the Commission shall have an assessment carried out by independent high-level experts of the implementation of Community activities during the five years preceding that assessment. The Commission shall communicate the conclusions thereof, accompanied by its observations, to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.

Before submitting its proposal for the next framework programme, the Commission shall have a final evaluation, based on performance indicators and qualitative evaluation criteria laid down beforehand and carried out by independent high-level experts, of all the activities funded under this programme during the five years preceding that evaluation. The Commission shall communicate the conclusions thereof, accompanied by its observations, to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.

Justification

The final evaluation should be based on performance indicators and qualitative criteria which should be laid down before the framework programme is implemented.

ANNEX I: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES AND BROAD LINES OF THE ACTIVITIES

Amendment 7
Introductory part, paragraph 1, indent 4 (new)
 

-   promoting the principles of environmental integration and sustainability.

Justification

Takes account of the Cardiff and Gothenburg process.

Amendment 8
Introductory part, paragraph 4, indents

-   in a limited number of priority thematic areas exclusively by means of strongly integrating and powerful instruments; networks of excellence, integrated projects and EU participation in national research programmes implemented jointly pursuant to Article 169 of the Treaty;

-   in a limited number of priority thematic areas by additional integrating instruments, networks for excellence, integrating projects and the setting-up of joint undertakings pursuant to Article 171 of the Treaty;

 

-   as in the 5th Framework Programme for Research, ensuring that in the priority thematic areas project size and opportunities for participation are such that the effects of good-quality and innovative approaches are felt by smaller research establishments in particular;

 

-   ensuring the coordination of projects in the various priority thematic areas in terms of content and material provision;

-   in areas related to the anticipation of EU science and technology needs in the form of certain specific needs of EU policies or new emerging needs;

-   in areas related to the anticipation of EU science and technology needs in the form of certain specific needs of EU policies or new emerging needs;

-   in the field of science and technology as a whole in the case of complementary research activities for SMEs.

-   in the field of science and technology as a whole in the case of complementary research activities for SMEs.

 

-   taking due account of social aspects, environmental conditions and technological options assessments. They are to be based on an integrated and transdisciplinary approach.

Justification

Smaller research establishments which have already undertaken good-quality projects under the 5th FP should continue to have an opportunity to do so.

Coordination between similar projects is essential.

An integrated approach will help foster sustainability

Amendment 9
Introductory part, paragraph 5, indent 1 a
 

-   in addition to the priority thematic areas selected, special attention will be given to scientific problems posed by the internationally agreed development and poverty eradication targets in order to enable EU research partnerships with developing countries, including in health and sustainable development.

Justification

Self-explanatory

1.   INTEGRATING EUROPEAN RESEARCH

1.1.   Priority thematic areas of research

Amendment 10
Paragraph -1.1.1 (new)

Seven priority thematic areas have been selected.

Eight priority thematic areas have been selected.

 

-   1.1.1 Life sciences for medicine and public health

 

Objective

The objective of the measures in this field is to support research which assists the battle against serious diseases. Priority should be assigned to research efforts which one Member State alone cannot undertake or cannot undertake as efficiently as the European Union and which will directly benefit patients within the foreseeable future.

 

The measures in this field would also support policy orientated research.
This would include, for example, research documenting trends in risk
factors; research into the effectiveness of interventions to tackle
inequalities in health; research into the reasons for survival differences
in treatment outcomes; and health services research.

 

Justification of the effort and European added value:

 

Fighting serious diseases is a priority objective of the European Union. In recent years, the European Union’s research programme has supported important initiatives which enjoy a high level of acceptance among the public and the scientists concerned. It is therefore worthwhile to continue these efforts.

 

In a whole range of areas, e.g. combating rare diseases and the field of children’s diseases, it is often not possible for one Member State alone to carry out the necessary research. Particularly in the case of clinical trials, large numbers of patients are needed. These can more readily be found on a European scale than if research is confined to a single Member State. Thus European added value clearly exists here.

 

Actions envisaged:

 

-   combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, other age-related diseases and cardiovascular diseases,

 

-   combating rare diseases,

 

-   efficient treatment of children’s diseases,

 

-   research into ethically acceptable alternatives to technologies which are controversial within the Community and Member States, e.g. alternatives to experiments on animals and to embryo stem cell research and artificial insemination methods that could prevent the production of supernumerary embryos.

 

A broad approach will be pursued with regard to combating the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (Aids, malaria and tuberculosis) which have priority in terms of disease control at EU and international level.

Justification

An additional priority (life sciences for medicine) should be inserted. The Commission wishes medical research to receive support primarily in cases where it is associated with genomics and genetic engineering. There is strong resistance to this among many researchers in Europe who perform valuable medical research which does not involve biotechnology or genomics but may still be of great value to patients. See also Explanatory Memorandum.

The diseases referred to in the Commission proposal in the field of "Genomics and biotechnology for health" partly reflect the priorities of the European Parliament in the field of health, but two further fields should be added:

1.   Research into better therapies for children. This is important firstly because children are the most vulnerable members of society and efforts to improve their health deserve special support, and secondly because many children’s syndromes are relatively rare, so that therapies for them have been less well researched than those for adults.

2.   Priority should be assigned to research which could replace applications which are controversial in the Member States and the EU. Examples include finding alternatives to tests on animals and promoting alternatives to the use of stem cells from embryos, i.e. both the use of adult stem cells and other approaches to the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, diabetes and the like. Another example is cryopreservation of ova for artificial insemination, which in the long term could perhaps make it unnecessary to produce so-called superfluous human embryos..

1.1.1. Genomics and biotechnology for health

Amendment 11
Title and Subparagraph 1 and 2

Genomics and biotechnology for health

Genomics and biotechnology

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, more particularly for the benefit of public health and citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, more particularly for the benefit of citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry.

Justification of the effort and European added value

Justification of the effort and European added value

"Post-genomic" research based on analysis of the human genome and genomes of model (animal, plant and microbial) organisms, will culminate in numerous applications in various sectors, and notably in the development of new diagnostic tools and new treatments capable of helping to combat diseases that are not at present under control, offering major potential markets.

Progress in the field of genomics and biotechnology may yield numerous new applications both in medicine and in the fields of environmental protection and agriculture, as a result of which hitherto unsolved problems can be overcome.

Justification

Genomics and biotechnology should be retained as a priority, but not confined to health. Positive applications exist elsewhere too (see for example the opinion by Mr Sjöstedt on the future of the biotechnology industry)

This amendment is intended to make it clear that the possible benefits of genomics and biotechnology are not confined to medicine but also extend to the fields of environmental protection and agriculture. It should also be made clear that the main concern is solutions for problems which people face rather than potential markets.

Amendment 12
Subparagraph 3 'Actions envisaged', first point, subindent -1 a (new)
 

-   animal and plant model species for post- genomic research

Justification

A major aim of this key action is to gain knowledge of plant genomics that will contribute to understanding the biology of the human genome: Plant and human genes are similar in structure, but sometimes very different in function. Their evolutionary distance uncovers gene functions and regulatory patterns in plants that are difficult or impossible to access in animals. Valuable, comparative information can thus obtained on the human genome that can be used to understand major factors affecting human health. Many genes implicated in human disease conditions have high homology to Arabidopsis genes, a situation similar to the one in observed in nematodes and other model organisms, which justifies the study of plants as model species.

Amendment 13
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, second point, subindents

-   Application of knowledge and technologies in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health:

-   Application of knowledge and technologies in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health:

-   technological platforms for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic tools;

-   technological platform for the development of new diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic tools (the priority is preventing and curing diseases. Diagnostic tools will be supported primarily if they are directly linked to therapeutic efforts);

-   support for innovative research in genomics start-up companies;

-   support for innovative research in genomics start-up companies;

 

-   support will also be given to cytotherapy, including adult stem cell therapy;

 

-   the cumulative effects of different authorised biotech and traditional pharmaceuticals which, acting on their own, may present no health risk but which cumulatively may cause undesirable side-effects, allergies and toxicity.

Justification

Diagnostic tools should receive support only if they are directly linked to therapeutic efforts. A major investment in research into methods of diagnosis without parallel efforts in the field of therapy would result in the problematic situation that genetic causes of disease could be identified with great precision without its being possible to give the patient any practical assistance. While a precise diagnosis is generally required in order for therapy to be effective, in the case of many genetic disorders a diagnosis alone is of no use to patients.

Stem cell therapy is an important new field of medical research. Unlike the specific programme ‘Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area’, however, this field is not explicitly mentioned in the framework programme. Unlike research on embryonic stem cells, adult stem cell therapy has already reached the stage of affording patients practical benefit and it is supported unreservedly in all Member States.

Amendment 14
Subparagraph 3 'Actions envisaged', third point, subindents

-   combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular diseases and rare diseases;

-   combating cancer, degenerative diseases of the nervous system (including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and experimental treatments now under investigation for new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease),and cardiovascular diseases;

 

-   combating rare diseases;

 

-   developing better therapies for children;

-   combating resistance to drugs;

-   combating resistance to drugs;

-   studying human development, the brain and the ageing process;

-   studying human development, the brain and diseases relating to the ageing process;

 

-   research into diabetes and diabetes related diseases;

-   a broader approach will be pursued with regard to combating the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (Aids, malaria and tuberculosis) which have priority in terms of disease control at EU and international level.

-   development of better therapies for the three poverty-linked infectious diseases (Aids, malaria and tuberculosis)

Justification

The recent scientific work reported in America on a possible remedy for victims of vCJD represented a key step forward in the treatment of this disease. Work of this nature should therefore be included in the framework programme, as vCJD is now a malady which may be hidden in a number of Member States.

Special reference should be made to combating rare diseases, as it is obvious that only research at European rather than national level can yield the desired results in this case.

Better therapies for children should become a priority. See justification for Amendment10.

The addition of the words "diseases related to" is made to limit the scope.

Diabetes is a growing health problem in Europe. In the course of just five to six years, the number of diabetics is expected to increase from 10 m to 20 m in the EU Member States. Support should therefore be given to a number of areas of research into diabetes, including cytotherapy, kidney research on diabetics, research into growth factors that could protect organs against serious secondary diseases.

The comprehensive approach with regard to the three poverty-linked infectious diseases mentioned should be listed as part of the new priority ‘life sciences for medicine’.

1.1.2. Information Society technologies

Amendment 15
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, first point, first indent a (new)
 

-   ways of preventing traffic thanks to the information society

Justification

If correctly used, and on condition that the possibilities are specifically researched, modern information technologies could alleviate the problem of traffic growth and the associated emissions. Videoconferencing, for example, can take the place of flights. Information can be sent on-line rather than, at greater expense, on paper or other data carriers. Intelligent traffic management systems can help to prevent unnecessary traffic.

1.1.3. Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, and new production processes

Amendment 16
Title

Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, and new production processes

Nanotechnologies, biomaterials and medical engineering, intelligent materials, and new production processes

Justification

The use of nanotechnologies in medicine, i.e. biomaterials and medical engineering, ought to be a priority in its own right, as it is very important to the health of patients and because it is the fastest growing part of the biomedical industry. Europe possesses very promising potential in many relevant fields.

Amendment 17
Subparagraph 1 'Objective'

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe achieve a critical mass of capacities needed to develop and exploit, especially for greater eco-efficiency, leading-edge technologies for the knowledge- and intelligence-based products, services and manufacturing processes of the years to come.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe achieve a critical mass of capacities needed to develop and exploit, especially for greater eco-efficiency and reduction of discharges of hazardous substances to the environment, leading-edge technologies for the knowledge- and intelligence-based products, services and manufacturing processes of the years to come.

Justification

It is important to include activities that lead to reduction in discharges of hazardous substances to the environment, which is not necessarily achieved by greater eco-efficiency alone.

Amendment 18
Annex I, Section 1, Paragraph 1.1.3, Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, first point “Nanotechnologies”, sixth indent

-   applications in areas such as health, chemistry, energy, optics and the environment.

-   applications in areas such as chemistry, energy, optics and the environment.

Justification

Since health is a priority in its own right, it can be deleted here.

Amendment 19
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, first point a (new) after "Nanotechnologies"
 

Biomaterials and medical engineering:

 

-   hybrid-tissue engineering and artificial organs (including adult stem cells);

 

-   smart implants;

 

-   drug delivery systems;

 

-   new and improved biomaterials and bio-active coatings;

 

-   improvement of biocompatibility;

 

-   biomimetic materials.

Justification

The Commission has already supported numerous very successful projects in this field in recent years. For example, projects involving adult stem cells have been financed, and these were successfully able to replace skin, bones, cartilage, tendons and soft parts. The Council and Parliament absolutely must make it clear that they continue to support such research.

Amendment 20
Subparagraph 3 'Actions envisaged', third point
New production processes

-   the development of flexible and intelligent manufacturing systems incorporating advances in virtual manufacturing technologies, interactive decision-aid systems and high-precision engineering;

-   the development of flexible and intelligent manufacturing systems incorporating advances in virtual manufacturing technologies, interactive decision-aid systems and high-precision engineering;

-   systems research needed for waste management and hazard control

-   systems research needed for non-polluting waste management and hazard control, giving priority to activities that minimise the generation of waste in general and hazardous waste in particular by e.g. minimising the use of hazardous substances in production and manufacturing processes;

-   development of new concepts optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products and services.

-   development of new concepts optimising the life-cycle of industrial systems, products and services and reducing their adverse impact on the environment and public health.

Justification

Self-explanatory

1.1.4. Aeronautics and space

Amendment 21
Subparagraph 1 "Objective"

The aim of activities carried out in this area is two-fold: to consolidate, by integrating its research efforts, the position of the European aerospace industry vis-à-vis increasingly strong world competition; and to help exploit the potential of European research in this sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

The aim of activities carried out in this area is two-fold: to integrate European aeronautics and the aeronautics industry in a modern, intermodal sustainable transport system and to consolidate the position of European industry vis-à-vis increasingly strong world competition, by combining research efforts; and to help exploit the potential of European research in this sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

Justification

The aim is not only to strengthen and develop European industry but above all to integrate it into an intermodal global approach for the future, with due regard for environmental and social conditions.

Amendment 22
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, first point, Aeronautics

Community aeronautical research activities will address research and technological development activities necessary to:

Community aeronautical research activities will address research and technological development activities necessary to:

-   increase the competitiveness of the European industry with regard to commercial aircraft, engines and equipment;

-   reduce environmental nuisances and loads (CO2 and NOX emissions, noise);

-   reduce environmental nuisances and loads (CO2 and NOX emissions, noise);

-   increase aircraft safety in the context of the substantial rise in air traffic;

-   increasing aircraft safety in the context of the substantial rise in air traffic;

-   increase the capacity and safety of the aviation system , in support of a “Single European Sky” (air traffic control and management systems);

-   increase the capacity and safety of the aviation system , in support of a “Single European Sky” (air traffic control and management systems).

-   increase the competitiveness of the European industry with regard to commercial aircraft, engines and equipment;

 

-   integrate aeronautics in a sustainable transport system and strengthen the industry in the development of relevant innovative products, including improvement of engines and equipment and increasing their environmental compatibility;

 

-   integrate social and environmental impacts and take account of prospects for controlling and managing the strong growth in air transport.

 

-   

 

-   

Justification

According to Commissioner Busquin, sustainable development is to be one of the hallmarks of the 6th Framework Programme of Research. The constant rise in emissions, especially carbon dioxide, from aviation is a serious problem. Reducing emissions should therefore be the top priority in this field.

The aim is not only to strengthen and develop European industry but above all to integrate it into a an intermodal global approach for the future, with due regard for environmental and social conditions.

1.1.5. Food safety and health risks

Amendment 23
Title and subparagraph 1

Food safety and health risks

Food quality, safety and health risk and health improvement

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food-related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food-related risks as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

Justification

There is no evidence that the "production (...) of safe and healthy food" should rely "in particular on biotechnology tools". In fact, existing Community law suggests exactly the opposite (see Regulation 258/97 ('novel food'), Directive 2001/18/EC ('GMO releases') and finally the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on genetically modified food and feed, and the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms, both adopted by the Commission on 25 July 2001).

Amendment 24
Subparagraph 3 'Actions envisaged'

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks between health and food;

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks between health and food;

-   methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type)

-   methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type), and in this regard, particularly the urgent need for the development and evaluation of reliable and more refined scientific methods and increased research into ante-mortem diagnostic tests for BSE and scrapie.

-   impact of animal feed, and the use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, on human health;

-   impact of animal feed, and the use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, on human health;

-   "traceability" processes, in particular relating to genetically modified organisms, including those based on recent biotechnology developments;

-   "traceability" processes, in particular relating to genetically modified organisms, including those based on recent biotechnology developments;

-   safer production methods and healthier foodstuffs, including those based on biotechnologies and on organic farming processes;

-   safer production methods and healthier foodstuffs, including those based on biotechnologies and on organic farming processes;

-   epidemiology of food-related diseases and genetic susceptibilities;

-   epidemiology of food-related diseases

 

-   the impact of diet on the health of children;

-   impact of food, and in particular products containing genetically modified organisms, on health;

-   impact of food, and in particular products containing genetically modified organisms, on health, and methods for the analysis of causes of food-related allergies;

-   environmental health risks, with emphasis being placed on cumulative risks, transmission routes to human beings, long term effects and exposure to small doses, as well as the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and especially children.

-   environmental health risks, with emphasis being placed on cumulative risks, the cumulative effects of different authorised substances which, acting on their own, may present no health risk but which cumulatively may cause undesirable side-effects, allergies and toxicity; transmission routes to human beings, long term effects and exposure to small doses, as well as the impact on particularly sensitive groups, and especially children.

 

-   the healthy crop (factors and processes that affect the chemical composition of the plant, such as altered metabolism, plant-environment interactions and natural variation using genomics technologies on plants including Arabidopsis and model cereals, legumes and vegetables)

 

-   effects of GMOs fed to animals in animal feedstuffs on the end product destined for human consumption

Justification

Here again, genetic engineering and biotechnology should not be limited. In most cases the causes of dietary diseases are not genetic.

Because their constitution and metabolism differ from those of adults, children require an appropriate diet. Health risks associated with diet may have a particular impact on children because they are growing fast and because they consume more per kilo of body weight

As a growing number of patients, in particular, children suffer from food allergies, research into the causes of these allergies should be supported.

The aim of this key action "healthy crop" is to gain knowledge of biological research that will lead to the improvement of the quality of life through high-quality, safe and more nutritious food:

1.   Genomics and post-genomics research produces a systematic definition of genes and their functions. The refinement of information thus gained through focused studies of selected model species provides an efficient route for the systematic transfer of knowledge to crop plants. This will have a major impact on agricultural and food improvement in the next decade and allow Europe to control the quality, safety and quantity of its own food production.

2.   Concerted efforts towards understanding the mechanisms of plant growth and development are likely to provide the knowledge base required for improving plants to serve consumer needs while minimising the environmental impact of agriculture. A deeper understanding of biological processes will furthermore strongly increase international competitiveness of European biotechnology, agriculture and food industry.

1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change

Amendment 25
Subparagraph 1, ‘Objective

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be able to implement sustainable development and make a significant contribution to the international efforts to understand and control global change and preserve the equilibrium of ecosystems.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be able to implement sustainable development, the Göteborg process, and the Sixth Environment Action Programme (covering climate change, biodiversity, environment and health, and natural resources and waste) and make a significant contribution to the international efforts to understand and control global change and preserve the equilibrium of ecosystems.

Justification

It is important to link together the different programmes on the environment. When planning research the aims set out in the Sixth Environment Action Programme will need to be taken into account.

Amendment 26
Subparagraph 2 'Justification of the effort and European added value', first part

Justification of the effort and European added value

Justification of the effort and European added value

The global implementation of sustainable development requires more particularly:

The global implementation of sustainable development requires more particularly:

-   the design, development and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure more rational use of natural resources, less waste production and a reduction in the impact of economic activity on the environment;

-   the design, development of research into, and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure conservation and more rational use of natural resources and protection, conservation, and utilisation of historical and cultural heritage, (bearing in mind that this is a non-renewable resource), less waste and in particular hazardous waste production and a reduction in the impact of economic activity on the environment;

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities.

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities.

 

-   the development and dissemination of test methods and technologies to determine and reduce the effects of chemicals on humans and the environment. This includes the development and validation of non-animal testing methods, as well as the development of less hazardous substances, or processes and materials that reduce the need for hazardous substances.

Justification

It should be pointed out that cultural heritage is a key resource to be tapped when developing the European model.

It is important to carry out further research on how chemicals are accumulated in the human body and the environment. Further research also needs to be conducted into the effects of persistent chemicals and combinations of chemicals as well as low-level but long lasting exposure to these chemicals. In order to undertake this research, it is of utmost importance to develop test methods which do not require animal testing and to ensure that these test methods are validated as quickly as possible..

Amendment 27
Subparagraph 3 'Actions envisaged', first point 'Technologies for sustainable development'

Technologies for sustainable development

Clean energy of the future

The Community's effort in the short and medium term will concentrate on a limited number of large-scale actions in the following areas:

The Community's effort in the short and medium term will concentrate on a limited number of actions in the following areas:

-   renewable energy sources, energy savings and energy efficiency, especially in the urban environment, as well as clean transport, with the development of new vehicle concepts in particular for road transport, as well as the development of alternative motor fuels;

-   renewable energy sources, energy savings and energy efficiency, especially environmentally sound production and processing of renewable raw materials to replace fossil fuels and other raw materials which are in limited supply or damaging to the environment;

 

-   wind energy and wind turbine technology;

-   solar energy;

-   solar thermal power plants

-   innovative photovoltaic technologies;

-   geothermal energy;

-   biomass;

-   stationary fuel cells;

-   energy from the sea;

-   integration of renewable energy sources in network structures;

-   virtual power stations;

-   combined systems;

-   intelligent load management processes;

-   potential for increasing the use of, marketing and securing the position of regeneratively produced energy.

Justification

In conjunction with Amendment 28. Energy and transport are two thematic areas that are important in their own right and are therefore dealt with in separate points, and in correspondingly greater detail.

Energy saving and energy efficiency are important in rural areas too. There is no justification for confining this topic to the urban environment.

Experts consider that the Commission proposal took too little account of this field. With the right technological development, renewable raw materials could do much to alleviate environmental problems and at the same time broaden the sources of income of European agriculture.

The latest knowledge of wind energy and wind turbine technology as sustainable energy sources should be specifically mentioned in the proposal. The development of such energy sources may in the longer term help mitigate the increasing changes in the global climate.

Amendment 28
Subparagraph 3 "Actions envisaged", second point "Sustainable transport of the future" (new)
 

Sustainable transport of the future

-   intelligent transport, especially in the form of technologies making possible a rebalancing as well as the integration and increasing intermodality of different modes of transport, for example by means of innovations in the management of the logistic chain (in particular containers).

The Community's short- and medium-term efforts will be concentrated on a limited number of actions in the following areas:

Turning to the longer term, activities will concentrate as a matter of priority on:

-   new systems for managing and controlling the growth in mobility and transport logistics;

-   fuel cells for stationary applications and in transport;

-   development of effective fair pricing systems for all modes of transport (road, rail, inland waterway, sea, and air);

-   hydrogen technology;

-   more effective techniques for reducing emissions, including of CO2, and noise;

-   new concepts in solar photovoltaic technologies and advanced uses of biomass.

-   manufacturing of environment-friendly and recyclable vehicles;

 

-   alternative propulsion sources, such as fuel cells, hybrid vehicles or hydrogen technologies,

 

-   technologies for the production, storage and handling of hydrogen;

 

-   new, environment-friendly production techniques;

 

-   alternative fuels such as synthetic fuel produced from regenerative sources or regeneratively produced hydrogen

 

-   integrated information, reservation, and pricing systems,

 

-   car sharing

 

-   integrated approaches to mobility;

 

-   increased interoperability, e.g. as a result of innovations in management of the logistics chain;

 

-   strategies for sustainable mobility of the future.

Justification

In conjunction with Amendment 27. Energy and transport are two thematic areas that are important in their own right and are therefore to be dealt with in separate points, and in correspondingly greater detail.

In order for the use of hydrogen, an environmentally sound source of energy, to become widespread, a smooth functioning infrastructure must be developed to supply users with hydrogen. This necessitates support for the production, storage and handling of hydrogen.

Amendment 29
Subparagraph 3, ‘Actions envisaged’, point 2, 'Global change', indent 1

Community activities will address the following aspects as a matter of priority:

Community activities will address the following aspects as a matter of priority:

-   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate and carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil);

-   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate and carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil);

-   water cycle;

water cycle;

 

-   the sea: ecological impact studies on aquaculture, overfishing, pollution, eutrophication of peripheral seas;

 

-   new concepts for the sea: improvement of the quality of aquatic ecosystems;

-   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter;

-   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, protection of all forms of genetic inheritance and cultural heritage, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and each of the above fields; in addition, support for research to develop environmentally efficient industrial processes to save water and energy and reduce waste;

 

-   improvement and use of biological resources for sustainable development (biological processes that lead to reduced inputs of materials such as fuel, fertilisers and pesticides, remediate environmental change, and optimise the use of limited resources such as water and soil);

-   mechanisms of desertification and natural disasters connected with climate change;

-   mechanisms of desertification and natural disasters connected with climate change;

-   global climate change observation systems.

-   global climate change observation systems.

 

-   environmental technologies: development of effective but low-cost technologies to fulfil existing environmental legislation and implement climate protection measures (e.g. purification of polluted waters, drinking-water purification, effective upgrading of facilities to reduce greenhouse gases and purify waste gas, waste treatment technologies, desertification);

 

-    the cumulative effects of chemicals which individually may present no environmental or health risk but which cumulatively may have a negative impact on the wider environment, sustainable development and on health.

Justification

Given that Europe is anxious to protect genetic resources, it should be equally anxious to protect resources produced by human agency. Research aimed at protecting biodiversity and genetic resources (a matter of world-wide interest) will thus be complemented by scientific and technological research aimed at protecting cultural heritage, an important field in that it could help to consolidate a genuinely European identity at a time when Europe needs common points of reference in anticipation of enlargement. Furthermore, interactions with human activities are an essential point to consider in order to understand the evolution of all the fields mentioned in the indent. The reference to interaction should consequently not be confined to terrestrial and marine ecosystems only

The current FP6 proposal does not place sufficient emphasis on biological resources for sustainable development.

The aim of this key action is to generate and exploit knowledge of biological systems to benefit the quality of life through protection and improvement of the environment, including the identification and conservation of biodiversity. Biological processes can lead to reduced inputs of materials (such as fuel and fertilisers), optimise the use of limited resources (such as water and soil) and can also remediate environmental change (carbon dioxide, toxic waste), as required by the Kyoto Protocol.

Amendment 30
Subparagraph 3, ‘Actions envisaged’, point 2 a (new) 'Preservation of the cultural heritage'
 

"Preservation of the cultural heritage"

Conservation and utilisation of cultural heritage, in particular by developing and transferring innovative diagnostic, monitoring, and operations technologies (laser technologies, optoelectronics, illumination design, innovative conservation products) to enable cultural assets to be managed more efficiently;

Justification

The means must be provided to enable the EU’s cultural heritage to be managed more efficiently.

1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society

Amendment 31
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, first point, third indent a (new)
 

-   sociological research in support of sustainable development.

Justification

Sustainable development is a challenge not only to the natural sciences but to the social sciences too. It is necessary to research how the public and decision-makers can be induced to take account of sustainability as a principle in all areas of life.

Amendment 32
Subparagraph 3, ‘Actions envisaged’, second point , ‘Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance’, indent 4 a (new)
 

   city and spatial management to conserve cultural and natural resources.

Justification

Self-explanatory

1.   2 Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls of proposals

Amendment 33
Subparagraph 1

These will cover two non-exclusive categories of research:

These will cover two non-exclusive categories of research:

–   research necessary for the formulation, implementation and enforcement of Community and EU policies:

–   research necessary for the formulation, implementation and enforcement of Community and EU policies:

   research in support of the implementation of common policies such as the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy;

   research in support of EU policy objectives such as, for example, those set out in the 6th Environment Programme and Directive 86/609 on the reduction in the number of animals used for experimental purposes;

 

   research into alternatives to technologies and applications giving rise to controversy in the Community and/or Member States, including for example research in support of the development and validation of alternative non-animal testing procedures for both chemicals and biologicals and research targeted specifically at the replacement of animal-based testing in support of the EU Chemical Strategy and the Cosmetics Directive, alternatives to research using embryonal stem cells and artificial fertilisation methods to prevent superfluous embryos being produced;

   research in support of EU policy objectives such as, for example, those set out in the 6th Environment Programme and the Green Paper “Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply”;

   research necessary for other Community or EU policies in areas such as, for example, health, in particular public health, regional development, trade, external relations and development aid or justice and home affairs;

 

   research in support of the implementation of common policies such as the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy;

   research in support of the objectives set for the EU by the European Council, for example the objectives set by the Lisbon and Feira European Councils with regard to economic policy, Information Society and e-Europe, enterprise, social policy and employment, education and training, including the requisite statistical methods and tools;

deleted

   research necessary for other Community or EU policies in areas such as, for example, health, in particular public health, regional development, trade, external relations and development aid or justice and home affairs;

   research in policy fields which the European Parliament and the Council consider to have priority, like the objectives set by the Cardiff and Göteborg European Councils with regard to integration of the environment into policy as a whole and to sustainable development;

Justification

The implementation of the environmental action programme is a leading priority of the European Parliament. This point should therefore appear at the top of the list. Research with a view to the realisation of the objectives of the Lisbon and Feira European Councils is adequately covered in the priority fields, e.g. the information society. Accordingly, there is no need to mention this aspect again here. The information society is the priority which requires by far the most funding. It is therefore important to fund other policies as well from activity field 1.2. The paragraph to be deleted also discriminates against the European Parliament in favour of the Council. Parliament cannot accept that a programme which is subject to codecision should be used primarily to finance measures adopted by the European Council without any involvement of Parliament.

This part of the text should also mention research into ethically unobjectionable technologies, for example alternatives to animal experiments.

The principles calling for the environment to be integrated into policy as a whole and for sustainability must invariably be applied.

Amendment 34
Subparagraph 2, second indent

-   The choice of research topics, areas and subjects will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users, taking account of the opinion of an independent consultative body made up of high-level scientific and industrial experts.

-   The choice of research topics, areas and subjects will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users, in close consultation with the European Parliament and the Council, taking account of the opinion of an independent consultative body made up of high-level scientific NGO and industrial experts.

Justification

In deciding on research fields and topics, the Commission should consult the European Parliament and the Council. The future science and technology needs of the European Union cannot be determined by the Commission alone.

NGOs need to be included in the independent consultative body.

1.2.2. Joint Research Centre activities

Amendment 35
Subparagraph 5, indent 2

–   Environment and sustainability:

–   Environment and sustainability:

Climate change (carbon cycle, modelling, impacts) and technologies for sustainable development (renewable energy sources, tools for the integration of policies); protection of the European environment; development of reference measurements and networks; technical support for the objectives of GMES.

Climate change (carbon cycle, modelling, impacts) and technologies for sustainable development (renewable energy sources, tools for the integration of policies); improvement of air quality; protection of the European environment; development of reference measurements and networks; technical support for the objectives of GMES.

Justification

Necessary addition.

Amendment 36
Subparagraph 6, indent 2

-   Reference materials and measurements:

The Community Reference Bureau (BCR) and certified reference materials: validation and qualification of chemical measurement methods.

-   Reference materials and measurements: The Community Reference Bureau (BCR) and certified reference materials: validation and qualification of chemical measurement methods. Research in support of the development and validation of alternative non-animal testing procedures for chemicals.

Justification

In the debate surrounding the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive and in the White Paper on a new EU Chemicals Policy, the Commission referred to the need to foster research on development and validation of alternative methods. Specific EU funding is needed for this research and must be included in the 6th Programme.

2.4.   Science/society

Amendment 37
Subparagraph 1

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of innovation in Europe as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers and citizens.

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of society to innovation in Europe, as well as contributing to critical thinking by scientists in response to concerns in society, as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers, major social groups and citizens.

Justification

It is important that society should be open to innovation, but equally important that scientists should be responsive to public concern in a spirit of self-criticism. Major social groups should participate in the dialogue.

Amendment 38
Subparagraph 2

Justification of the effort and European added value

Justification of the effort and European added value

Science/society issues need to a large extent to be addressed at European level on account of their strong European dimension. This is bound up with the fact that very often they arise on a European scale (as the example of food safety problems shows), with the importance of being able to benefit from the often complementary experience and knowledge required in the different countries and with the need to take into account the variety of views on them, which reflects European cultural diversity.

Science/society issues also need to be addressed at European level on account of their strong European dimension. This is bound up with the fact that very often they arise on a European scale (as the example of food safety problems shows), with the importance of being able to benefit from the often complementary experience and knowledge required in the different countries and with the need to take into account the variety of views on them, which reflects European cultural diversity.

Justification

An important part of this dialogue should certainly take place at the level of the Member States and regions. The expression ‘to a large extent’ gives the impression that a dialogue at European level could take the place of the dialogue between scientists and society on the ground in the Member States.

Amendment 39
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, indent 5

-   Bringing research closer to society : Science and governance; scientific advice; involvement of society in research; foresight;

-   Bringing research closer to society : Science and governance; scientific advice; involvement of society in research; foresight;

 

A contribution is to be made to ensuring that political decisions respond better to society’s needs and that these are based on scientific findings.

 

-   Analysis and encouragement of good practice in the application of the precautionary principle in various fields of political decision-making and in the assessment, overcoming and publication of uncertainties and risks.

-   Ensuring that use of scientific and technological progress takes place in a responsible fashion: risk; expertise; implementing the precautionary principle; European reference system; ethics;

-   Ensuring that use of scientific and technological progress takes place in an ethically responsible fashion: risk; expertise; European reference system;

 

This is intended to ensure that the rapid progress of science accords with the ethical values of the majority of people in Europe.

-   Stepping up the science/society dialogue: new forms of dialogue; knowledge of science by citizens; young people's interest in scientific careers; women in science and research.

-   Stepping up the science/society dialogue: new forms of dialogue with the participation of environmental associations, patients’ organisations and religious communities; knowledge of science by citizens; young people's interest in scientific careers; women in science and research.

Justification

The additional paragraphs under the indents are intended to make it clearer what the exact objective of the action is.

The precautionary principle and ethics are major priorities of the European Parliament; therefore they should each be mentioned in a separate indent. The rapporteur’s proposals are largely based on the proposals by the Commission for the specific research programme (cf. p. 114 of the specific programmes implementing the Framework Programme 2002-2006 for research, technological development and demonstration activities as a contribution to the European Research Area).

In the specific programme, the Commission states that it is necessary to ensure that the rapid progress of science accords with the ethical values of all Europeans. The rapporteur does not consider this realistic, as there are extreme groups which reject all scientific research and to which, therefore, all research is incompatible with ethical principles. However, the aim should be to ensure that research is compatible with the ethical principles of most Europeans. In other words, if a technology meets with fundamental resistance from a large section of the public, the population group’s objections must be taken into account

Specific mention should be made of important groups within civil society in this point.

Amendment 40
Subparagraph 3 “Actions envisaged”, second point “They will take the form of activities in support of:”

They will take the form of activities in support of:

They will take the form of activities in support of:

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

 

-   creation of networks of existing ethics groups and activities in Europe and encouragement of dialogue concerning ethical issues in research with other regions of the world;

 

-   fostering awareness and educational activities regarding ethical issues, coordination and development of codes of conduct for research activities and technological development;

 

-   research in the field of ethics in science in the context of technological development and its applications, for example in the information society,- nanotechnologies and human genetics and biomedical research and in food technology.

-   carrying out specific research;

-   carrying out specific research;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes.

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes.

 

Those taking part in the projects should act in accordance with the principles listed at the end of Annex I and seek to put these principles into practice.

Justification

The Commission proposed this text in the specific programme. In order to stress the importance of ethics, it should be inserted in the framework programme

This amendment is also intended to ensure that this part of the framework programme is not used to finance any ‘ethics experts’ who call into question fundamental principles of the European Union. So-called ‘ethics experts’ who propagate racist ideas, eugenic measures or the killing of people with disabilities should not receive funding under this programme..

Amendment 41
Annex I, final paragraph (new)
 

Fundamental ethical principles

 

When implementing this programme and research activities under it, certain fundamental ethical principles must be observed, for instance protection of human dignity, of data, and privacy, and of animals and the environment. The necessary framework is provided by Community law, for example the Protocol on protection and welfare of animals, annexed to the Treaty of Amsterdam, the relevant international agreements and codes of conduct, such as the Declaration of Helsinki (1996 version), the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the Unesco Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, and the laws and administrative provisions of the countries where research is performed. Where the case arises, participants in research projects must obtain the approval of the appropriate ethics committee before embarking on R&TD projects. If proposals relate to sensitive subjects, systematic ethical reviews will be carried out. In individual cases, the ethical review may also be conducted while the project is being implemented.

 

The cloning of human beings for reproductive purposes shall not receive funding under this framework programme. No research shall be carried out which is intended to result in an alteration to the human germ line. The same applies to any research which involves creating a human embryo for research or therapeutic purposes, and to other types of research in which use is made of embryos. Altering the genetic makeup of animals and cloning of animals may be considered only if the aims are ethically justified and the conditions are such that the animals’ welfare is guaranteed and the principles of biodiversity are respected.

 

No funding will be given under this framework programme to research involving cells derived from human embryos created for research or therapeutic purposes, research involving the use of human embryos where such use will lead to the destruction of embryos or research involving animal experiments, whenever such experiments are avoidable;

Justification

Unlike the 5th Framework Programme, the proposal for the 6th does not contain any comments on the ethical limits to research. Yet in its proposal for the specific programme to integrate and strengthen the European Research Area, the Commission has much to say on the subject. The rapporteur proposes incorporating its observations in the framework programme (see Explanatory Memorandum).

This proposal is also largely based on the Commission document on the specific programme. However, the rapporteur proposes certain changes:

1.   The formulation concerning alteration of the human germ line should be such as to avoid excluding radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat cancers of the germ cells.

2.   The formulation concerning the production of human embryos for research purposes should be extended so as also to exclude research using existing embryos if they will be destroyed in the course of the research. Such research is illegal in four Member States and in certain applicant countries and has repeatedly been rejected by the European Parliament, and should therefore be funded from national rather than European tax revenue, if at all.

Last paragraph excludes research activities which would lead to the destruction of embryos not covered by the text so far, i.e. embryos created for purposes other than research or therapeutic purposes. Research activities on those 'surplus' embryos should not be funded with Community money, as they are banned in several Member States and as Member States are currently discussing the option of allowing for the adoption of such embryos by infertile couples.

ANNEX II: MAXIMUM OVERALL AMOUNT, RESPECTIVE SHARES AND INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN

Amendment 42
Commission proposal
The maximum overall financial amount and the respective shares of the various activities as referred to in Article 164 of the EC Treaty are as follows:

EUR million

First activity[2]:

13 570

Second activity[3]:

600

Third activity[4]:

300

Fourth activity[5]:

1 800

Maximum overall amount*

16 270

  • *Indicative breakdown :

1)   Integrating research[6] [7]

12 770

  • Genomics and biotechnology for health

2 000

  • Information Society technologies

3 600

  • Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, new production processes

1 300

  • Aeronautics and space

1 000

  • Food safety and health risks

600

  • Sustainable development and global change

1 700

  • Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

225

  • Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs[8]

2 345

2)   Structuring the European Research Area

3 050

  • Research and innovation

300

  • Human resources

1 800

  • Research infrastructures

900

  • Science/society

50

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area

450

  • Support for the coordination of activities

400

  • Support for the coherent development of policies

50

TOTAL

16 270[9]

Amendment by Parliament
The maximum overall financial amount and the respective shares of the various activities as referred to in Article 164 of the EC Treaty are as follows:

EUR million

First activity[10]:

14 245

Second activity[11]:

600

Third activity[12]:

300

Fourth activity[13]:

1 800

Maximum overall amount*

16 945

  • *Indicative breakdown :

1)   Integrating research[14] [15]

13 370

  • Life sciences for medicine

1 100

  • Genomics and biotechnology for health

1 200

  • Information Society technologies

3 200

  • Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, new production processes

1 300

  • Aeronautics and space

1 000

  • Food safety and health risks

800

  • Sustainable development and global change

2 200

  • Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

225

  • Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs[16]

2 345

2)   Structuring the European Research Area

3 125

  • Research and innovation

300

  • Human resources

1 800

  • Research infrastructures

900

  • Science/society

125

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area

450

  • Support for the coordination of activities

400

  • Support for the coherent development of policies

50

TOTAL

16 945[17]

Justification
The insertion of a new priority, ‘Life sciences for medicine’, will make it necessary to reduce the allocations to other priorities. Since the fields ‘Genomics, biotechnology and life sciences for health/medicine’ overlap, a moderate reduction in the fields of genomics and biomedicine is justified. The field ‘Information society technologies’ is to receive by far the greatest amount of funding according to the Commission proposal. A moderate redistribution in favour of other priorities seems defensible. Sustainable development is intended to be a hallmark of the 6th Framework Programme, and a substantial increase in funding is therefore required.
Sustainable development, food safety, and science and society are prime examples of areas in which there is a great need for research.
The important field ‘science/society’, which includes research into the precautionary principle and ethical aspects, has been seriously neglected by the Commission, which proposes only EUR 50 m for it. Accordingly, an increase is proposed.
ANNEX III: INSTRUMENTS AND DETAILED RULES FOR COMMUNITY FINANCIAL PARTICIPATION
1.   INSTRUMENTS
Amendment 43
Paragraph 1.1.2 a (new)
 

1.1.2a.   Stairway of excellence

 

In the priority thematic areas of research of the framework programme, financial contribution to projects falling within the scope of the stairway of excellence

 

If the European Research Area is to be brought into being, efforts will have to be pooled in the European policy for research and technological development. That being the case, European added value should be measured, and the bulk of Europe's research defined, according to the three essential yardsticks of excellence, critical mass, and the ground-breaking character of a project, as well as the quality of the results. Efforts will focus on projects and forms of cooperation which, having fully satisfied the criteria, offer the best prospects of success.

 

As well as focusing efforts in the manner described above, additional efforts will be made to identify subfields or research projects within the priority thematic areas and partners in the research community who deserve to be encouraged to rise to the requisite degrees of excellence, critical mass, and opportunity which they have not yet attained. In cases of this kind, the other three new instruments will not always be possible or appropriate to apply directly. The means to be employed in such cases, where the need has been duly shown to exist, will therefore be the range of tools provided under the fifth framework programme for indirect research actions, subject to the same financial conditions for participation. These tools are: shared-cost projects, support affording access to research infrastructures, technology-stimulation projects to encourage and facilitate SME participation in research and technological development activities, ‘Marie Curie’ training grants, support for networks, concerted research projects, and accompanying measures.

 

This instrument must be used in a flexible way and establish arrangements affording scope for new and small-scale participants with innovative research projects, and the potential to attain the critical mass criterion, and centres of excellence. In addition, the stairway of excellence must accommodate: (a) research centres not included in the networks of excellence, (b) initiatives proposed by precompetitive research teams, (c) SMEs, and (d) projects that could form the basis of future networks to enable regions sharing similar problems and candidate countries to be incorporated into the European Research Area.

 

The projects in question should be consistent with and, wherever possible, linked to the priority thematic areas of the framework programme.

Justification

It is absolutely essential to work on a European scale, given that many small research teams are of high calibre. Furthermore, to allow space for SMEs and the candidate countries, a place must be found within the programme for high-quality small-scale innovative initiatives. This, moreover, will open the way for precompetitive groups and centres which to date have not participated in European programmes, thereby providing new avenues enabling them to enter spheres of excellence. The opportunities to take part in the programme should also be widened to include research centres and teams scattered throughout EU territory so as to offset the centralisation of management that the other instruments will tend to encourage.

Amendment 44
Paragraph 1.1.3 a (new)
 

Smaller research establishments

 

Small projects and research establishments have in many cases generated vital impetus, helping to achieve EU aims and to consolidate the European Research Area. Proceeding along lines similar to the arrangements which have proved their worth under the fifth research framework programme, the opportunities to participate and project sizes will be organised in such a way as to ensure that smaller enterprises, research establishments, and university institutes in particular can continue in the future to make high-quality innovative contributions. In addition, access will continue to be promoted using the instruments already employed to good effect under the fifth programme. In formal and substantive terms it will be ensured that the thematic areas are coordinated specifically where the projects in question are concerned.

Justification

Those smaller research establishments which have already carried out good projects under the fifth framework programme should continue to have the opportunity to do so. That is why a new instrument is being introduced.

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

The proposed EUR 17.5 billion of funding makes the Framework Programme for Research the biggest single budget heading managed directly by the Commission, and the legislation concerning this programme is therefore of particular importance. Your draftsman is working on the assumption that the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Consumer Policy favours a well-funded and active EU research policy, as it has in recent years very often called for a stepping-up of the research effort in various fields.

The committee considers the following priority thematic areas of the proposed framework programme to be particularly important: Genomics and biotechnology for health (Annex I, Section 1, paragraph 1.1.1), Food safety and health risks (Annex I, Section 1, paragraph 1.1.5) and Sustainable development and global change (Annex I, Section 1, paragraph 1.1.6). Environmental, health or consumer protection aspects are, however, to be found in virtually every area of the Commission proposal.

One problem with the proposal is that it is very concise and, in places, very vague. On its own, it barely indicates what activities the Commission intends to fund over the next few years. The five proposals for specific programmes that have now been presented are, however, very important in this connection, as they supply very much more information about the measures planned. But, since Parliament has a say only in shaping the framework programme under the codecision procedure (the specific programmes are adopted by the Council after consulting Parliament), the framework programme needs to be more specific and more detailed if the intention is to influence Commission practices.

The main amendments proposed by your draftsman:

1.   Boosting research to improve health

Medical research is included in a number of places in the research programme, but much of the research needed to improve human health is either not provided for or not given enough prominence. Your draftsman is therefore proposing the following amendments:

The Commission is proposing a priority entitled 'Genomics and biotechnology for health'. Medical research will thus primarily receive support where it is associated with genomics and biotechnology. Although genetic technology and biotechnology will in all probability make an important contribution to improving health and fighting serious diseases over the next few decades, it is firstly not certain where breakthroughs if any will be made and, secondly, success will often take a long time to achieve. However, those suffering from diseases now and in the next few years must also be helped.

Medicine is mentioned only once under this heading, although it is precisely in this area that there is great potential and that the Commission has already successfully supported projects in recent years.

2.   Strengthening the sustainable development aspect

According to Commissioner Busquin, sustainable development is to be a trademark of the 6th Framework Programme. The Commission proposal provides a very important and sound basis in this respect. Your draftsman takes the view, however, that this aspect can be given even greater prominence and is therefore proposing the following amendments:

1.   Increased funding for priority 1.1.6 'Sustainable development and global change'.

2.   Clearer emphasis on the sustainable development aspect in other priority areas, e.g. aeronautics, IT, social sciences and humanities, and in the area of the eighth priority concerning research with a view to meeting the EU's future technological needs.

3.   Strengthening the precautionary principle and ethics

According to one critic 'ethical considerations have vanished from the 6th Framework Programme. Whereas the 5th Framework Programme contained numerous references to supporting the dialogue on ethics and ethical limits to research, the 6th Framework Programme devotes just one word to this whole area. The situation is even worse as regards the precautionary principle, for this important principle is not mentioned even once in the whole Commission proposal. This does not mean, however, that the Commission does not attach any value to this aspect, as closer examination of the specific programmes reveals very important references. Your draftsman therefore proposes incorporating passages from the specific programmes into the framework programme in order to emphasise the significance of the precautionary principle and ethics. This must also be done in order to ensure that important Commission statements and proposals concerning the relevant fields, e.g. animal welfare, environmental protection and the protection of human dignity, data and privacy, cannot be watered down by the Council during the procedure without Parliament having a say.

There is bound to be controversy concerning human cloning and embryo stem cell research. In the specific programme, the Commission proposes giving human cloning for reproductive purposes just as little support as research into the modification of the human germ line and research activities involving the production of human embryos for research or therapeutic purposes. This key precept, which is also a feature of the 5th Framework Programme, ought not to be controversial. Furthermore, your draftsman is also proposing that research using supernumerary human embryos produced for in-vitro fertilisation but no longer to be used for that purpose should not be eligible for funding. Destructive embryo research is prohibited in four EU Member States and in some applicant countries and has been rejected by Parliament on several occasions. The issue of whether there can be a uniform European of rules in this area is the subject of heated debate, as there are cultural and even constitutional differences regarding such research. The principle of subsidiarity could therefore result in Europe not having a uniform set of rules. When it comes to the funding of research, the subsidiarity principle must, however, be applied in reverse: research which is not regarded by all, or at least nearly all, Member States as being worthwhile and ethically sound should not be funded out of Community revenue. This does not mean that Parliament can prohibit such research throughout Europe. What it does mean, though, is that research conducted in those countries where it is legal must be funded from national taxes.

Research using adult stem cells should receive Parliament's express support. Unlike embryo stem cell research, it has already yielded successes with regard to the treatment of people suffering from specific conditions. It is at present not possible to say whether all applications for which the use of embryo stem cells is envisaged can also be performed using adult stem cells, but neither can embryo stem cell research guarantee that every promise will be fulfilled. Concentration on the use of adult stem cells is therefore a sound option and, in your draftsman's opinion, a must from an ethical point of view.

  • [1] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 156.
  • [2] Covering the activities carried out under the heading “Integrating research”, with the exception of international cooperation activities; research infrastructures, and the theme “Science/Society” carried out under the heading “Structuring the European Research Area”; and activities carried out under the heading “Strengthening the foundations of European Research Area”.
  • [3] Covering the international cooperation activities carried out under the heading “Integrating research”, in the priority areas and under the heading of anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs.
  • [4] Covering the specific activities on the theme “Research and innovation” carried out under the heading “Structuring the European Research Area” in addition to innovation activities carried out under the heading “Integrating research”.
  • [5] Covering the activities concerning human resources and support for mobility carried out under the heading “Structuring the European Research Area”.
  • [6] The aim is to allocate at least 15% of the financial resources assigned to this heading to SMEs.
  • [7] Including EUR 600 million in total for international cooperation activities.
  • [8] Including EUR 715 million for JRC activities.
  • [9] To which should be added the sum of EUR 1,230 million under the Euratom Framework Programme, broken down indicatively as follows: Treatment and storage of nuclear waste EUR 150 million; Controlled thermonuclear fusion EUR 700 million [of which EUR 200 million is foreseen for participation in the ITER project]; other activities EUR 50 million; JRC activities EUR 330 million [of which EUR 110 million for the treatment and storage of waste].
  • [10] Covering the activities carried out under the heading “Integrating research”, with the exception of international cooperation activities; research infrastructures, and the theme “Science/Society” carried out under the heading “Structuring the European Research Area”; and activities carried out under the heading “Strengthening the foundations of European Research Area”.
  • [11] Covering the international cooperation activities carried out under the heading “Integrating research”, in the priority areas and under the heading of anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs.
  • [12] Covering the specific activities on the theme “Research and innovation” carried out under the heading “Structuring the European Research Area” in addition to innovation activities carried out under the heading “Integrating research”.
  • [13] Covering the activities concerning human resources and support for mobility carried out under the heading “Structuring the European Research Area”.
  • [14] The aim is to allocate at least 15% of the financial resources assigned to this heading to SMEs.
  • [15] Including EUR 600 million in total for international cooperation activities.
  • [16] Including EUR 715 million for JRC activities.
  • [17] To which should be added the sum of EUR 1,230 million under the Euratom Framework Programme, broken down indicatively as follows: Treatment and storage of nuclear waste EUR 150 million; Controlled thermonuclear fusion EUR 700 million [of which EUR 200 million is foreseen for participation in the ITER project]; other activities EUR 50 million; JRC activities EUR 330 million [of which EUR 110 million for the treatment and storage of waste].

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

19 September 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European research area

(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

Draftsman: Encarnación Redondo Jiménez

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development appointed Encarnación Redondo Jiménez draftsman at its meeting of 10 July 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meetings of 12 September 2001 and 18 September 2001.

At the latter meeting it adopted the following amendments by 22 votes, with 2 abstentions.

The following were present for the vote: Friedrich-Wilhelm Graefe zu Baringdorf, chairman; Joseph Daul, vice-chairman; Encarnación Redondo Jiménez, draftsman (replaced by Carmen Fraga Estévez); Danielle Auroi, Carlos Bautista Ojeda, Arlindo Cunha, Avril Doyle, (for Struan Stevenson), Francesco Fiori, Georges Garot, Lutz Goepel, Willi Görlach, Elisabeth Jeggle, Salvador Jové Peres, Hedwig Keppelhoff-Wiechert, Heinz Kindermann, Christa Klaß (for Neil Parish), Astrid Lulling (for Michl Ebner), Albert Jan Maat, Xaver Mayer, Mikko Pesälä, María Rodríguez Ramos, Agnes Schierhuber, Dominique F.C. Souchet and Robert William Sturdy.

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

Innovations in the structure and content of the sixth framework programme

The Commission proposal is intended to be a strategic instrument for planning the Union's scientific and technological research, as well as a specific blueprint for integrating and structuring the European Research Area (ERA). Seen in this light, it is an ambitious proposal containing interesting innovations. These include in particular: (a) focusing efforts on eight thematic areas; (b) the proposal for three specific programmes implementing the framework programme (COM(2001) 279), on which Parliament will be consulted in due course; and (c) the introduction of new management instruments.

Against this background, Parliament must take a realistic approach as regards the amendments it tables and seek to be as consistent and effective as possible during the painstaking negotiations that will be held as part of the co-decision procedure. Accordingly, the amendments by the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development should draw on the excellent work already carried out by the rapporteur in cooperation with the Commission and the Swedish and Belgian presidencies. Your draftsman therefore proposes that the framework provided by the rapporteur's 108 amendments (PE 302.148/FIN. – PR\434214PA) should be endorsed, while seeking to include the priorities for the European agricultural model and the reform of the CAP. Similarly, given the threat that the Council may seek to reduce the overall allocation for the programme, it would be wiser not to increase this amount on condition that it is reallocated internally when the final decision is taken, taking into account the needs of agricultural research.

In short, the amendments proposed by the rapporteur and which are taken over in this opinion concern (1) breaking down the first target, integrating European research, into three specific programmes ('Bio', 'Techno' and 'Info') in order to improve transparency and management; (2) under the Bio programme, converting health and safety into a thematic area, with the result that genomics and biotechnology no longer relate exclusively to health, but bring together all research actions (including those relating to food and agriculture); (3) creating a fourth management instrument, the 'stairway of excellence'; (4) improving ex-post evaluation processes.

Agricultural research under the framework programme – substance of the amendments tabled

In addition to the above considerations, it should be stressed that the proposal fails to mention the conclusions of the Versailles Conference on 'Agricultural research in the European research area (ERA)' held in December 2000 under the auspices of the French presidency and the Commission, as well as the recommendations of the standing committee on agricultural research (Agricultural research needs in support of the European model of agriculture). This omission is having the following results: (a) agricultural research priorities under the programme are being watered down; (b) efforts to ensure that the ERA takes account of the challenges posed by the European model of agriculture are being hampered; and, lastly, (c) it is impossible for agricultural research to support the objectives targeted by the ongoing CAP reform. The draftsman's amendments are designed to remedy this shortcoming and complement the work of the committee responsible, on the basis of the following targets:

Area 1.1. Specific integration of agriculture and food as part of genomic research and biotechnology, emphasising food quality and safety guarantees and keeping environmental risk to a minimum.

Area 1.3. Strengthening the competitiveness of the European bio-basic industry by developing procedures for the manufacture of biomaterials and waste recycling.

Area 1.5. Developing food safety through methods of analysis and risk detection throughout the food chain, and encouraging organic farming techniques and those which strengthen the links between health and food.

Area 1.6. Integrating agriculture and forestry with the environment so as to ensure the sustainability of the European agricultural model and the preservation of biodiversity.

Area 1.7. Incorporating agricultural multifunctionality into the CAP so as to develop new forms of governance.

Area 2.1. Targeting research objectives in order to support the CAP reform process and the operational development in this context of agricultural multifunctionality, as a basis for sustainable farming and revitalising rural areas.

The draftsman stresses that farmers must be involved in developing the parts of the sixth programme relating to agriculture through their organisations at European level.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to include the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]

Amendments by Parliament

ANNEX I: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES AND THE BROAD LINES OF THE ACTIVITIES

1.   PRIORITY THEMATIC AREAS OF RESEARCH
1.1.   Priority thematic areas of research
1.1.1.   Genomics and biotechnology for health

Amendment 1
Subheading: Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, more particularly for the benefit of public health and citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry particularly the agri-foodstuffs sector, including agriculture, based on a dual approach: guaranteeing food quality and safety through better knowledge of the effects on human health of the absorption and interaction of modifications of plants and animals; and minimising the risks to the environment, biodiversity and sustainable development deriving from their use.

Justification

This is in line with the rapporteur's amendments which extend this thematic area to genomics and biotechnology 'in general' (not just health), and combine the actions proposed by the Commission in areas 1.1.1. and 1.1.5. Accordingly, emphasis should be placed on improving knowledge of the effects which modifying the genetic bases of plants or animals may have on food and human health, as well as on the environment, biodiversity and sustainable development, as a vital precondition for introducing their use in agriculture and the agri-foodstuffs industry and strengthening its competitiveness.

Amendment 2
Subheading: Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1

"Post‑genomic" research based on analysis of the human genome and genomes of model (animal, plant and microbial) organisms, will culminate in numerous applications in various sectors, and notably in the development of new diagnostic tools and new treatments capable of helping to combat diseases that are not at present under control, offering major potential markets.

"Post‑genomic" research based on analysis of the human genome and genomes of model (animal, plant and microbial) organisms, will culminate in numerous applications for the biotechnology industry in general and for the agrifoodstuffs sector in particular and will continually ensure food quality and safety with minimum impact on the environment.

Justification

This is in line with the rapporteur's amendments which extend this thematic area to genomics and biotechnology 'in general' (not just health) and combine the actions proposed by the Commission in areas 1.1.1 and 1.1.5. Accordingly, emphasis must be placed on guaranteeing safe and high quality products with minimum environmental impact as a vital precondition for gaining consumer confidence and consolidating the introduction of genomics and biotechnologies in agriculture and the agrifoodstuffs industry.

Amendment 3
Subheading: Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 1a (new)
 

Genomic research coordinated at European level, particularly in the agriculture and agrifoodstuffs sectors, should focus on those areas where it can achieve the greatest impact, should be able to unleash all existing potential in close cooperation with national initiatives, provide as much information as possible for scientists and the general public and should be flexible in duration, but with firm and realistic objectives.

Justification

This is in line with the rapporteur's amendments which extend this thematic area to genomics and biotechnology 'in general' (not just health) and combine the actions proposed by the Commission in areas 1.1.1 and 1.1.5. Accordingly, emphasis should be place at methodological level on seeking greater synergy between actions under the framework programme and national measures, as well as ensuring that results are publicised so as to optimise joint research efforts and provide the necessary information to secure public confidence.

Amendment 4
Subheading: Actions envisaged, indent 3a (new)
 

-   Application of knowledge and technologies in the field of genomics and biotechnology in the following areas:

 

-   Agriculture: study of the genetic maps of plants and animals with a view to exploiting their main assets, in particular resistance to pests and diseases and ability to adapt to soils and adverse climates; development of new products; development of alternative methods for tests on animal species with micro-organisms or others; introduction of methods for assessing the risks of new products as regards environmental impact on public health, including epidemiology related to genetic susceptibilities and more extensive research into genetically modified organisms.

 

-   Food: development of healthier and safer methods for manufacturing human and animal food components and products; introduction of methods for assessing the risks of new products as regards public health, including epidemiology related to genetic susceptibilities;

Justification

This is in line with the rapporteur's amendments which extend this thematic area to genomics and biotechnology 'in general' (not just health) and combine the actions proposed by the Commission in areas 1.1.1 and 1.1.5. On this basis, the main fields of research in the agricultural and food sectors can be defined.

1.1.3. Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, and new production processes

Amendment 5
Subheading: Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 5a (new)
 

One of the main objectives in this area must be strengthening the competitiveness of the European bio-basic industry, by developing environmentally efficient technologies for the processing of plant, forestry, animal or waste products for the manufacture of new bio-materials, particularly bio-polymers and bio-fuels, as well as searching for new industrial applications for secondary resources, including recycling of agricultural and forestry waste.

Justification

Developing the European bio-basic industry can help achieve more economically and environmentally sustainable development, encourage more responsible use of resources (water, land, energy, etc.) and provide an outlet for surplus agricultural production. More efficient and cleaner technologies can be used to produce new products with higher added value and low environmental impact for which there is an established demand, while encouraging better use by industry of agricultural and forestry raw materials and waste.

Amendment 6
Subheading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 3 (new production processes), indents 3a and 3b (new)
 

-   Development of environmentally efficient technologies for the extraction or modification of oils, proteins, starch, sugar or fibres from plants, animals or waste for the manufacture of bio-materials, particularly bio-polymers and bio-fuels.

 

-   Development of new industrial applications that will increase the added value of agrifoodstuffs and forestry products, encourage the use of secondary resources and reduce agricultural or forestry waste, as well as the consumption of water and energy.

Justification

The aim is to define the main research areas for the development of new production processes for agriculture and forestry.

1.1.5. Food safety and health risks

Amendment 7
Subheading: Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food‑related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases for health and safety by:

-   developing a system of production and distribution of safe, healthy and quality food in line with consumer requirements, habits and perceptions,

-   control and prevention of food‑related risks, relying in particular on the introduction of HACCP (Hazard Assessment Critical Control Points) throughout the food chain to detect contaminants, toxins and pathogenic micro-organisms in general (including transmissible prions) present in foodstuffs,

 

-   developing food technologies more in keeping with the fundamental role that nutrition, diet and lifestyle play as regards health and disease prevention, while at the same time facilitating consumer choice of products,

 

-   control of health risks associated with environmental changes.

Justification

In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is now to be called 'Health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food security not related to biotechnologies. Accordingly, emphasis should be placed on the links between agricultural and food-related research and the growing consumer demand for healthy, safe and quality products. With this in view, control and prevention of food-related risks are vital by means of uniform scientific criteria and methods of analysis and detection of contaminants, toxins and pathogenic micro-organisms in general which may be present in food. In particular, it is important to extend the HACCP (Hazard Assessment Critical Control Points) to the whole of the food chain.

Amendment 8
Subheading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 1

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

1.   Food. Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

Justification

In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is to be called 'Health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food safety not related to biotechnologies. With the same end in view, a specific section on 'Food' is introduced.

Amendment 9
1.1.5. Food safety and health risks
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Paragraph 1, indent -1 (new)
 

-   all aspects of food safety in all links in the food chain, from primary production to processing;

Justification

The Commission proposal does not mention the ‘from farm to table’ approach.

Amendment 10
Subheading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 1

-   methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type);

-   methods of analysis and detection of chemical contaminants and pathogenic micro-organisms (viruses, bacteria, parasites, and new agents of the prion type) placing special emphasis on the introduction of HACCP (Hazard Assessment Critical Control Points) throughout the food chain;

Justification

In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is to be called 'Health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food safety not related to biotechnologies. The aim is to develop these aspects in the specific section on 'Food'.

Amendment 11
1.1.5. Food safety and health risks
Subheading: Actions envisaged, indent 1a (new)
 

   development of methods and products which cause very little or no damage to the environment, to combat natural agricultural crop diseases and pests;

Justification

Despite efforts to render farming sustainable, experience shows that too little funding is available from industry for developing environmentally sound plant protection products. In view of the importance of change in agriculture, government has a very important role to play here, which justifies financing research.

Amendment 12
1.1.5. Food safety and health risks
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Paragraph 1, indent 2

–   impact of animal feed, and the use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, on human health;

–   impact of animal feed, and the use of sub-products of different origins for that feed, on human health, devoting particular attention to knowledge of the mode of transmission of BSE and performing a detailed analysis, country by country, inter alia with a view to checking whether there are local or climatic factors which may affect or determine transmission;

Justification

16 years after the appearance of BSE, this analysis seems essential, in view of the numerous doubts which scientists still have not resolved.

Amendment 13
Subheading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

-   technologies to promote organic farming and stockbreeding with all necessary guarantees, and to develop new products which meet consumer requirements and provide them with adequate information on intrinsic safety, duration, recyclability, ingredients, qualitative and nutritional properties, allergy risks and production methods used;

Justification

In line with the rapporteur's amendments, this area is to be called 'health and safety' and includes only those aspects of food safety not related to biotechnologies. With the same end in view, the aim is to develop the content of the actions envisaged under the new section on 'Food'.

Amendment 14
1.1.5. Food safety and health risks
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

   development of functional foodstuffs and food technologies in order to take more appropriate account of the fundamental importance of food, dietetics and life-style to health and prevention of diseases, at the same time helping consumers to choose products;

Justification

According to the draftsman’s amendments, this section is to be called ‘health and safety’, and it is only to contain aspects of food safety which are not linked to biotechnology. The new subheading ‘food’ is similarly supplemented.

1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change

Amendment 15
1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Subheading: Justification of the effort and European added value
Paragraphs 6a, 6b and 6c (new)
 

In addition, the close ties between the environment and agriculture and forestry cannot be overlooked, since these activities occupy a large part of European territory and make direct use of natural resources. Helping to integrate agriculture, forestry and the environment would contribute to the sustainability of the European agricultural model, as well as preserving biodiversity and curbing the greenhouse effect.

 

With this in view, a three-pronged research strategy needs to be developed: first, the multifunctional role of agricultural and forestry activity must be incorporated into the various production systems as a focus for a new CAP capable of ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas; second, with a view to securing sustainable agricultural production, greater knowledge is needed of the impact of agriculture's negative externalities; lastly, appropriate political mechanisms must be devised to meet these challenges, making it possible to provide farmers with aid in return for the goods and services of public interest they provide (positive externalities), introduce new production methods that are more environment-friendly and help protect genetic resources, geared to individual production systems, improve farm waste recycling techniques, develop alternatives to existing inputs to guarantee production and combat pests and diseases, encourage techniques to combat erosion and the effects of fires and acid rain on forests and, finally, study animal welfare rules while determining the precise economic effects on farms.

 

This strategy, with the support of a detailed study of economic analyses of the impact of the Agenda 2000 reform and indicators of the multifunctional role of each production system and local, regional and Community agri-environmental indicators, must provide quantified responses and thus facilitate decision-making both by economic operators and political leaders within the framework of a new CAP.

Justification

Economic analysis is a basic and indispensable requirement in order for reliable political answers to be provided.

Amendment 16
Subheading: Actions envisaged, paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

-   Agriculture and forests: quantifying the role of agriculture and forestry in the sustainable development of the various production systems and different rural areas (agricultural multifunctionality); quantifying the impact of this activity on the quality of water, soils and air under each production system; devising strategies and mechanisms within the framework of the CAP or other common policies that will make it possible to consolidate sustainable agriculture (particularly with regard to support for farmers as occupants and managers of rural areas, introduction of new production methods with greater respect for the environment and biodiversity, application of new farm waste recycling techniques, encouraging the use of alternatives to existing inputs by industry to guarantee production and combat pests and diseases, extending techniques to combat erosion and the effects of fire and acid rain on forests and, lastly, the introduction of animal welfare rules).

Justification

The recent European Council in Gothenburg recognised sustainable development as a central Community objective that must be integrated into all common policies, including the CAP. A research strategy aimed at sustainable development should help the CAP to achieve this goal, bearing in mind the significant presence of agriculture and forestry in most of the Union's territory. In the first instance, this means identifying the positive and negative externalities derived from the primary activity and then incorporating into the CAP the mechanisms that will enable agricultural multifunctionality to be established as the focus of the European agricultural model and ensure sustainable development at economic and social as well as environmental level.

Amendment 17
1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Technologies for sustainable development, Paragraph 2, indent 3

-   new concepts in solar photovoltaic technologies and advanced uses of biomass.

-   new concepts in solar photovoltaic technologies and advanced uses of animal and vegetable biomass of agricultural origin.

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects.

Amendment 18
1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Global change, indent 1

–   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate and carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil);

–   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate and carbon sinks (oceans, forests, soil, agriculture, greenhouse gas balance and replacement of fossil carbon with renewable carbon);

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects.

Amendment 19
1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Global change, indent 3

–   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter;

–   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources and landscapes, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter;

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects.

Amendment 20
1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Subheading: Actions envisaged, Global change, indent 6 (new)
 

   soil protection.

Justification

Clarifies the concept of biomass and improves the wording in general by including agricultural aspects.

1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society

Amendment 21
Subheading: Justification of the effort and European added value, paragraph 7a (new)
 

It is particularly important in this connection to take on board the parameters of the European knowledge-based society and the new forms of governance in the management and promotion of common policies already in force, especially the CAP. In particular, the recent food crises suffered by the Union have highlighted three developments: serious mistrust by consumers of the way in which national and Community political leaders have managed this sector; growing public demand for new forms of production compatible with sustainable development and guaranteeing healthier and safer products; and, lastly, growing social demand for new forms of public support for agriculture offering a more coherent response to the intrinsic values of the European social model (with regard to public health protection, economic and social cohesion, environmental imperatives, etc.). Measures to promote a multifunctional agriculture will make it possible to meet this three-pronged challenge and improve the governance of the main common policy, since it will include a closer connection to the land, will be drawn up with greater regard for consumer interests and will generally be closer to citizens. However, this is not enough. It is also important to take advantage of the resources offered by the knowledge-based society to introduce effective strategies for social communication of the results of scientific and technological progress in the agri-foodstuffs sector and the changes made to the mechanisms and management of the CAP.

Justification

The management of established common policies, first and foremost the CAP, cannot remain outside the knowledge-based society and the new forms of governance. Consolidating the multifunctional agricultural model under the CAP can improve its governance. Furthermore, use must be made of the resources of the knowledge-based society to improve communication with farmers, consumers and society in general.

Amendment 22
Subheading: Actions envisaged (action 1, Knowledge-based society), indent 2

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge‑based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge‑based society serving the EU objectives set at the most recent European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, guaranteeing safe and healthy food, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development and consolidating the multifunctional aspects of agriculture;

Justification

One of the objectives repeatedly set by the Union at recent European Councils has been to guarantee healthy and safe food (something which is also one of the priority objectives of the JCR under the framework programme), together with the gradual development of agricultural multifunctionality as the backbone of the reform of the CAP and the Community's agricultural supply during the agricultural negotiations under way at the WTO.

Amendment 23
Subheading: Actions envisaged (action 2, Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance), indent 4a (new)
 

-   role of multifunctional agriculture and of a living countryside in satisfying, via new forms of governance, the growing social demand for products of recognised quality, balanced regional planning, protection of the natural environment and preservation of cultural roots.

Justification

The development of agricultural multifunctionality can help ensure better governance of the CAP and rural development measures in line with the new requirements of the urban world and consumers.

1.2.   Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

Amendment 24
Paragraph 1a (new)
 

-   In the agricultural sector, in particular to the extent that it is governed by the common agricultural policy, research should contribute to: (a) providing objective information to support agricultural and forestry production systems, integrated rural development and the future direction of Community measures in these spheres; (b) defining a conceptual framework and methods for quantifying and encouraging competitiveness, agricultural and forestry sustainability and product quality; (c) defining a quantitative framework for assessing and curbing the negative environmental effects of agriculture; (d) defining a quantitative framework for assessing, encouraging and providing compensation for goods and public services of agricultural origin; (e) defining a conceptual framework and quantitative methods for adapting agricultural and rural policy instruments to new commercial, environmental and health requirements; (f) assessing the effectiveness of market and rural development management mechanisms in use and analysing possible alternatives to them.

Justification

Because of its importance in the budget and development of the European Community, specific reference should be made to the CAP in this section on scientific and technological needs of the common policies, particularly at a time when it is in the throes of reform with a view to meeting new and expanding commercial, environmental and health requirements.

Amendment 25
1.2. Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs
Paragraph 1, indent 2a (new)
 

   finance research to overcome gaps which have been identified in knowledge and in respect of which the precautionary principle has been used in formulating Community policy.

Justification

Inclusion of the precautionary principle in the section concerning anticipating scientific needs.

Amendment 26
Subheading: Research necessary for the formulation, implementation and enforcement of Community and EU policies, indent 1

-   research in support of the implementation of common policies such as the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy;

-   research in support of the implementation of common policies such as the common agricultural policy and the common fisheries policy;

 

-   specifically, in the agricultural sector the emphasis should be on the following objectives: analysing the foreseeable impact on the competitiveness of the European agri-foodstuffs sector and on the management of the CAP of enlargement to the East, the development of the WTO framework, preferential trade agreements and international environment agreements, as a first step towards studying possible measures to be taken in response; defining a conceptual framework and more suitable mechanisms for incorporating the multifunctional dimension of agriculture into the CAP; defining a conceptual framework and more appropriate mechanisms for establishing links between agriculture and forestry and the environment and guaranteeing sustainable development; defining a conceptual framework and more appropriate mechanisms for ensuring integrated and sustainable development of rural areas from the economic and social point of view; developing new forms of health and plant health protection, and animal welfare;

Justification

Because of its importance in the budget and development of the European Community, full details should be given of the backup research needed in future for the CAP, at a time when it is being reformed in order to meet new and growing commercial, environmental and health requirements.

Amendment 27
1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals
Paragraph 1, indent 1, subparagraph 1a (new)
 

   particularly the development of approaches and technologies which accord with the changing value and functions which society assigns to agriculture and food production, and research into such animal diseases as foot-and-mouth disease and swine fever and particularly the development of marker vaccines;

Justification

The Commission proposal must be supplemented by further emphasising the importance of research into changes in the food chain and its social context. Research into animal diseases is extremely important.

Amendment 28
Annex III: Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
Instruments
Subheading 1.1.2 a: Stairway of excellence (new)
 

This instrument must be used in a flexible manner and in such a way as to provide the means of involving new, small participants with innovative research projects and the potential to meet the critical mass and centres of excellence criteria.

Such projects must be consistent and, as far as possible, related to the main priority areas of the framework programme. The budget shall account for no more than 20% of the overall budget. The administration may delegate responsibility to external bodies in cases in which this would be beneficial from a financial and administrative point of view.

Justification

It is essential to operate at European level given that there are many small, high-quality research teams in the EU. Furthermore, if SMEs and the applicant countries are to be involved, provision must be made within the programme for small, high-quality, innovative initiatives. This would provide a way in for precompetitive groups and centres which, to date, have not been able to take part in European programmes, and thus offer new opportunities to become part of areas of excellence. The programme should also be opened up to research centres and teams scattered throughout the EU, so as to compensate for the fact that the other instruments encourage centralised management.

  • [1] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 156.

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES

13 July 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a Council decision concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European research area

(COM(2001) 94 - C5-0087/2001 - 2001/0053((COD))

Draftsman: Bernard Poignant

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Fisheries appointed Bernard Poignant draftsman at its meeting of 24 April 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meetings of 29 May, 18 June and 11 July 2001.

At the last meeting it adopted the following amendments unanimously.

The following were present for the vote: Daniel Varela Suanzes-Carpegna, chairman; Rosa Miguélez Ramos, Hugues Martin, vice-chairmen; Bernard Poignant, draftsman; Elspeth Attwooll, Niels Busk, Arlindo Cunha, Nigel Paul Farage, Carmen Fraga Estévez, Pat the Cope Gallagher, Ian Stewart Hudghton, Salvador Jové Peres (for Mihail Papayannakis), Heinz Kindermann, Brigitte Langenhagen, Albert Jan Maat (for James Nicholson), Struan Stevenson, and Antonio Tajani.

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

Introduction

The Commission adopted proposals on the new framework programme for research and innovation on 21 February 2001. This sixth programme is part of a wider policy, ratified by the Lisbon summit in March 2000 aimed at creating a European research area. The Commission presented the new programme to the Stockholm summit of 23 and 24 March 2001. The Commission considers the implementation of the sixth framework programme to be more necessary than ever bearing in mind the increasing competition in this field, the efforts already made under the fifth framework programme and the need to respond to recent crises and developments in the area of food safety.

The priorities of the fifth framework programme, which will remain in force until 2003, were identified on the basis of criteria reflecting the importance of increasing industrial competition and of quality of life for European citizens. With regard to fisheries, most research projects were undertaken as part of the key action ‘quality of life and management of living resources’. The Commission expects to contribute around EUR 118 million for research in the area of fisheries over the period 1999-2002. It has found a number of constraints affecting the application of the fifth programme and intends to seek a solution. The new programme is to be based on greater concentration of financial assistance on a restricted number of priority areas in order to achieve a greater critical mass and prevent the fragmentation of research efforts. According to the Commission, the raison d’être of the new framework programme is to help to make a reality of the European research area with a view to stepping up innovation in Europe.

The Commission proposes allocating a budget of EUR 17.5 billion to the new framework programme, representing an increase of 17%.

The sixth framework programme for research and innovation

The sixth framework programme forms part of the creation of the European research area to which Parliament lent its support in its resolution of 18 May 2000 (A5-0131/2000).

The objectives of the European research area were defined in the Commission communication to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee on the Regions. The objectives to be pursued in the various areas will be, inter alia:

-   Research activities, e.g. improving the performance of European research, particularly through networking and the coordinated implementation of national programmes, networking between public centres and fora of excellence and the implementation of major research projects;

-   Research and innovation, start-ups and SMEs, e.g., strengthening capacity for technological innovation within the Union, particularly by supporting research for and in SMEs and the dissemination and transfer of know-how;

-   Research infrastructure, including action to strengthen European research infrastructure;

-   Human resources, with European human resources being strengthened in the areas of science, technology and innovation;

-   Science, society and citizens, involving the introduction at European level of a new contract between science and society, by strengthening the link between research activities and policies and the needs of society.

The sixth framework programme reflects three main avenues of approach in the implementation of the European research area:

1.   Integrating research

The Commission has defined seven priorities in this area with the aim of assembling a critical mass of resources and supporting a high level of integration of research capacities in Europe. Budget available: EUR 12 770 million.

2.   Structuring the European research area

The objective is to stimulate technological innovation, the utilisation of research results and the setting-up of technology businesses. Budget available : EUR 3 050 million.

3.   Strengthening the foundations of the European research area. The objective here is to step up the coordination and support the coherent development of research policies. Budget available : EUR 450 million.

Seven priority themes have been selected under the first heading:

  • 1. Genomics and biotechnology for health: the objective is to exploit the breakthroughs achieved in the coding of genomes in order to help combat serious diseases and strengthen the European biotechnology industry. Budget: EUR 2000 m.
  • 2. Information society technologies: the objective is to stimulate the development of essential information technologies in order to strengthen industry in this sector and give European citizens an opportunity to benefit fully from the development of the knowledge-based society. Budget: EUR 3 600 m.
  • 3. Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials and new production processes: the objective is to help European firms to take advantage of leading-edge technologies for the knowledge- and intelligence-based products, services and manufacturing processes of the years to come. Budget: EUR 1 300 m.
  • 4. Aeronautics and space: the objective is to consolidate the position of the European aerospace industry and to make fresh progress in the area of safety and environmental protection. Budget: EUR 1 000 m.
  • 5. Food safety and health risks: the objective is to establish the scientific basis needed for the production of safe and healthy food and the control of health risks associated with environmental changes. Budget: EUR 600 m.
  • 6. Sustainable development and global change: the objective is to strengthen the scientific and technological capacities needed for Europe to be able to implement sustainable development and make a significant contribution to the international efforts to understand and control global change. Budget: EUR 1700 m.
  • 7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society : the objective is to mobilise European research capacities in economic, political, social and human sciences with a view to understanding and addressing issues related to the emergence of the knowledge-based society in the various cultures of which Europe is made up. Budget: EUR 225 m.

Part of the budget (EUR 2 345 m) is to be set aside for an eighth criterion which is intended to help to improve public policies at European level by anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs. These activities will concern fisheries policy, for example, as well as specific aspects of transport, energy and environment policy, along with other areas of EU activity. It will also support activities at the frontiers of science and technology.

The mobility programme for researchers, which falls under the second heading, is to double in size. The objective is to increase the mobility of researchers in Europe and to make Europe more attractive for top-class researchers from all over the world.

With a view to strengthening the foundations of the European research area (heading 3), new measures are proposed to help the national authorities to open their programme to researchers from third countries and to link their own programmes with those of other Member States in order to enhance their impact.

The Commission intends to reduce bureaucracy by rationalising the administration and management of programmes and has proposed new forms of financing such as financial contributions to integrated projects and support for networks of excellence. For the first time, the Commission is also proposing to encourage the use of an instrument (under Article 169 of the Treaty) which will enable the Union to contribute to national programmes carried out jointly.

In budgetary terms, the sixth framework programme covers the four-year period from 2003 to 2006 inclusive.

Sixth framework programme and fisheries policy

The Commission launched the Green Paper on the reform of the common fisheries policy at the beginning of March 2001. In that document, the Commission proposes intensifying research activities in almost all areas of fisheries. It recognises that in many areas the CFP has failed to deliver owing to the weakness of scientific data. In considering the framework programme, your draftsman would propose establishing a clear link between that programme and the Green Paper. On the basis of the action areas identified in the Green Paper, your draftsman would call for greater and better support in the following areas:

1.   Strengthening and improving conservation policy

One of the main objectives laid down in the Green Paper is to establish responsible and sustainable fisheries and ensure healthy marine ecosystems. To that end, multiannual management is called for. Your draftsman approves one of the conclusions of the Commission Green Paper, according to which multiannual provisions on the implementation of TACs could prevent certain problems such as abrupt changes in the volumes of annual TACs and their consequences for the fishing industry. Changing from an annual to a multiannual system would need to be strongly geared to firm scientific data.

A second area in which research should play a part concerns action to promote selectivity devices to reduce by-catches. This type of technical measure might also help to prevent the destruction of ecologically sensitive marine areas.

2.   The environmental dimension of the CFP

Your draftsman considers the protection of the marine ecosystem to be an essential priority. Many unknown elements such as climate change appear to be having an influence on biodiversity and levels of fish stocks. Integrated multi-disciplinary research is vital in order to cast light on these complex mechanisms.

3.   Protecting animal and public health and safety to ensure consumer protection

The recent crises in the farming industry have made us aware of how vulnerable the current food chain can be. The fishing industry has not been spared. Nevertheless, dioxin and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) have had a limited impact on fish products. Listeria has also posed problems. Hygiene and genetic modification are other topics of concern in the fishing industry. Finally, there is a need for research in the aquaculture industry (for example in the area of feedingstuffs) in order to optimise consumer protection.

4.   Better integration of scientific advice into the decision-making process

The Commission states in the Green Paper that the CFP requires clear scientific advice which must be the product of multi-disciplinary research (biology, ecology, social science and economics). The quality of scientific research certainly plays an important part, but the transfer of knowledge in a way which is appropriate and comprehensible for all those involved in the industry is also important.

5.   Strengthening the social and economic dimension of the CFP

Parliament's Committee on Fisheries has repeatedly expressed its concern regarding safety and working conditions for fishermen. Even though the quality of vessels is of major importance, there is also a need for socio-economic research into working conditions.

6.   External relations

Scientific cooperation is included in many fisheries agreements with third countries, in the interest of both the countries concerned and the European Union. Scientific research is carried out under these fisheries agreements with the particular aim of ensuring the conservation of fisheries resources.

Conclusions

Fisheries is mentioned only in the first heading of the eighth priority of the sixth framework programme. The inclusion of fisheries in this priority is not guaranteed, since it will depend on the submission of projects with a financial threshold of EUR 10 m. This sum is too high measured against most of the fisheries projects carried out under the fifth framework programme. No mention has been made of including fisheries in two other priority fields of the framework programme, namely food safety and sustainable development. Your draftsman has tabled a number of amendments aimed at ensuring that the Commission shoulders its responsibilities and adjusts the framework programme in line with the Green Paper on the CFP.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Fisheries calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Annexe I : Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.1. Genomics and biotechnology for health

Objective

1.1.1.   Genomics and biotechnology for health

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of living organisms, more particularly for the benefit of public health and citizens and to increase the competitiveness of the European biotechnology industry.

Objective

1.1.1.   Genomics and biotechnology for health

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help Europe exploit, by means of an integrated research effort, breakthroughs achieved in decoding the genomes of all living organisms.

Justification

Is it really necessary to spell out research priorities in the field of genomics and biotechnology for health? Whatever research is envisaged, it is obvious that the objective is to improve human health and quality of life.

Amendment 2
Annex I: Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.2. Information Society technologies

Objective

The activities carried out in this area, pursuant to the conclusions of the Lisbon European Council and the objectives of the e-Europe initiative, are intended to stimulate the development in Europe of technologies and applications at the heart of the creation of the Information Society in order to increase the competitiveness of European industry and allow European citizens in all EU regions the possibility of benefiting fully from the development of the knowledge‑based society.

Objective

The activities carried out in this area, pursuant to the conclusions of the Lisbon European Council and the objectives of the e-Europe initiative, are intended to stimulate the development in Europe of technologies and applications at the heart of the creation of the Information Society in order to increase the competitiveness of European industry and allow European citizens in all EU regions the possibility of benefiting fully from the development of the knowledge‑based society, and of enhancing their quality of life and improving their working conditions.

Justification

Living conditions in the fishing industry will be greatly improved when information and communication technologies make it easier to carry out some of the activities made difficult by remoteness.

Amendment 3
Annex I: Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.2. Information Society technologies
Actions envisaged (first ..)

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility and security of individuals and materials, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring (including the marine environment);

Justification

There is no doubt that improving quality of life for seafarers entails improving fishing gear and the computing and technological equipment on board.

Amendment 4
Annex I: Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.5. Food safety and health risks

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food and control food‑related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to help establish the integrated scientific and technological bases needed to develop a system of production and distribution of safe and healthy food, including sea food, and control food‑related risks, relying in particular on biotechnology tools, as well as health risks associated with environmental changes.

Justification

Food obtained from fishing and aquaculture provides a substantial proportion of the world’s nutrition. These foodstuffs should be included in the activities carried out in the field of food safety and health risks in order to ensure optimum protection for consumers.

Amendment 5
Annex I: Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Justification of the effort and European added value (second …)

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities.

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and its influence on human beings and the global ecosystem, including the marine ecosystem, and our related forecasting capacities.

Justification

It is important to understand the reasons for climate change and its consequences for oceans and fishery resources, inter alia.

Amendment 6
Annex I: Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Justification of the effort and European added value (…)
 

Research efforts must be coherent with other Union policies and must take account of future developments such as the reform of the common fisheries policy.

Justification

The framework programme must be coherent with the Union’s other policy areas and with forthcoming developments in those policy areas, for example in the context of the reform of the common fisheries policy.

Amendment 7
Annex I Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Actions envisaged - Global change - 3rd indent

–   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter;

biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter, within the context of sustainable development;

Justification

Sustainable development is the main theme of the Green Paper on fisheries policy reform. It is therefore important that sustainability be reflected in the activities proposed by the Commission within the framework of biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, etc.

Amendment 8
Annex I Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out in this area are intended to mobilise in a coherent effort, in all their wealth and diversity, European research capacities in economic, political, social and human sciences with a view to understanding and addressing issues related to the emergence of the knowledge‑based society and new forms of relationships between its citizens and institutions.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to mobilise in a coherent effort, in all their wealth and diversity, European research capacities in economic, political, social and human sciences with a view to understanding and addressing issues related to the emergence of the knowledge‑based society and new forms of relationships between its citizens, on the one hand, and between its citizens and institutions, on the other hand.

Justification

Exchanges in the area of research must not be confined to relations between citizens and institutions but should provide an opportunity for strengthening contacts among citizens themselves.

Amendment 9
Annex I: Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals
The activities carried out in these areas will be implemented under the following conditions, on the basis of the following principles and with the help of the following mechanisms:
indent 1a (new)
 

-   in the framework of common policies, where support and needs have been identified, multiannual work programmes will be drawn up when the framework programme comes into force.

Justification

In order to provide a solid base for the preparation of research projects to meet Community requirements, work programmes will need to be multiannual so as to avoid giving scientific institutes a timescale that is too restricted and too uncertain. As project preparation often requires substantial investment, annual work programmes could deter some scientific institutes from embarking on projects, which would undermine the quality of the framework programme's implementation.

Amendment 10
Annex I Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals
The activities carried out in these areas will be implemented under the following conditions, on the basis of the following principles and with the help of the following mechanisms:
second indent

–   The choice of research topics, areas and subjects will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users, taking account of the opinion of an independent consultative body made up of high-level scientific and industrial experts.

The choice of research topics, areas and subjects will be made by the Commission on the basis of assessment by an internal group of users, taking account of the opinion of an independent consultative body made up of high-level scientific and industrial experts, using as a basis the work carried out by the thematic subgroups.

Justification

The Community's advisory committees, such as the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries make an important contribution to the various stages of developing the framework programme. Not to make use of the expertise of the Community's scientific committees would be a serious waste of resources.

Amendment 11
Annex 1 Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals
The activities carried out in these areas will be implemented under the following conditions, on the basis of the following principles and with the help of the following mechanisms:
indent 2a (new)
 

-   An allocation scale for the various policies will be established for each specific programme level.

Justification

In order to meet the requirement for transparency in the allocation of what are often substantial sums in this area, an allocation scale needs to be established in advance. It will clearly reflect the Community's preferences and avoid discretion in the selection of projects submitted. In addition, in certain sectors the absence of an allocation scale might deter the presentation of projects.

Amendment 12
Annex 1 Scientific and technological objectives and broad lines of the activities
Point 1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals

-   In accordance with their spirit and objective, the activities carried out under this heading will be implemented on the basis of annual decisions.

-   In accordance with their spirit and objective, the activities carried out under this heading will be implemented on the basis of annual decisions, which will themselves incorporate the multiannual dimension of certain projects.

Justification

A high percentage of projects in the field of fisheries and aquaculture are multiannual in nature.

Amendment 13
Annex III: Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
Paragraph 5.2: Actions envisaged and means of budget intervention

-   in the priority thematic areas of research, to integrated projects, of an order of magnitude of around EUR 10 million carried out by consortia often involving strong university/industry collaboration;

-   in the priority thematic areas of research, to integrated projects, of an order of magnitude which will depend on the specific nature of the policy area of the project, carried out by consortia often involving strong university/industry collaboration;

Justification

Care should be taken to prevent financial aspects from determining the value of scientific research projects. The level of funding required varies widely according to the area concerned. In the case of fisheries policy, projects are often modest in financial terms.

  • [1] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 156.

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON REGIONAL POLICY, TRANSPORT AND TOURISM

10 October 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a European Parliament and Council Decision concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European research area

(COM (2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD)

Draftsman: Pierre Jonckheer

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Regional Policy, Transport and Tourism appointed Pierre Jonckheer draftsman at its meeting of 25 April 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meetings of 11 September and 9 October 2001.

At the latter meeting it adopted the following amendments unanimously.

The following were present for the vote: Konstantinos Hatzidakis, chairman; Helmuth Markov, vice-chairman; Emmanouil Mastorakis, vice-chairman; Rijk van Dam, vice-chairman; Pierre Jonckheer, draftsman; Emmanouil Bakopoulos, Rolf Berend, Theodorus J.J. Bouwman, Carmen Cerdeira Morterero, Luigi Cesaro, Luigi Cocilovo (for Francesco Musotto), Gerard Collins, Paolo Costa, Garrelt Duin, Giovanni Claudio Fava, Mathieu J.H. Grosch, Ewa Hedkvist Petersen, Mary Honeyball, Juan de Dios Izquierdo Collado, Georg Jarzembowski, Elisabeth Jeggle (for Karla M.H. Peijs), Karsten Knolle (for Sir Robert Atkins), Dieter-Lebrecht Koch, Carlos Lage, Giorgio Lisi, Sérgio Marques, Linda McAvan (for John Hume), Erik Meijer, Rosa Miguélez Ramos, James Nicholson (for Dana Rosemary Scallon), Juan Ojeda Sanz, Josu Ortuondo Larrea, Wilhelm Ernst Piecyk, Samuli Pohjamo, Alonso José Puerta, Reinhard Rack, Carlos Ripoll i Martínez Bedoya, Marieke Sanders-ten Holte, Gilles Savary, Ingo Schmitt, Brian Simpson, Renate Sommer, Ulrich Stockmann, Margie Sudre, Joaquim Vairinhos (for Danielle Darras pursuant to Rule 153(2)), Ari Vatanen, Demetrio Volcic, Christian Ulrik von Boetticher (for Jacqueline Foster) and Mark Francis Watts.

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

On 21 February 2001, following a lengthy debate prompted by the Commission’s adoption in January 2000 of its Communication entitled ‘Towards a European Research Area’, the Commission adopted:

(a)   its proposal concerning the 2002-2006 multiannual framework programme for research, technological-development and demonstration activities, which is intended to help create the European research area (codecision between Parliament and the Council);

(b)   its proposal concerning the 2002-2006 nuclear energy multiannual framework programme (consultation).

1.   Substance of the Commission proposal

Pursuant to the above proposals, the Sixth Framework Programme will comprise three main blocks of activities designed to integrate research and to structure the European research area and strengthen its foundations.

In its proposal the Commission advocates seven (plus one) priority areas of research :

-   Genomics and biotechnology for health;

-   Information Society technologies;

-   Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials and new production processes;

-   Aeronautics and space;

-   Food safety and health risks;

-   Sustainable development and global change;

-   Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society;

-   Anticipating the EU’s scientific and technological needs, including the activities of the JRC (Joint Research Centre).

2.   Research in the transport field

The purpose of the activities carried out in the third thematic area - ‘Aeronautics and space’ - is both to consolidate the European aerospace industry vis-à-vis its international competitors and to exploit Europe’s research potential in the sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

The aeronautics-related activities are designed to achieve the following objectives:

-   a reduction in environmental pollution and burdens;

-   an increase in aircraft safety in the context of a substantial rise in air traffic;

-   an increase in the capacity and safety of the aviation system, in support of a ‘Single European Sky’.

The space-related activities undertaken will focus on implementing:

-   the Galileo satellite navigation project;

-   the GMES platform for monitoring the environment and security.

The importance which the Commission attaches in the sixth thematic area (Sustainable development and global change) to transport-related considerations is to be welcomed. Of the activities envisaged in this area, attention should be drawn to:

-   the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy saving and energy efficiency, clean transport, the development of new vehicle concepts (in particular for road transport) and the development of alternative motor fuels;

-   the promotion of intelligent transport in the form of technologies enabling a new balance to be struck between the various modes of transport, which can then be integrated and made increasingly interoperable.

Your draftsman considers that the subject of surface transport is not given sufficient prominence in the Commission proposal. The Fifth Framework Programme did at least incorporate very interesting key activities such as intermodality and sustainable mobility, and also maritime technologies and surface transport, under the heading of sustainable growth. Your draftsman therefore proposes bringing the research areas relating to transport together in a new priority thematic area entitled ‘Sustainable mobility and surface transport’. The purpose of the activities undertaken in this area would be to support and strengthen European mobility and surface-transport systems which are better integrated from four points of view – namely, through the integration of sustainable development, the integration of the various modes (i.e. intermodality), the integration at European level of the individual Member States’ transport systems (interoperability) and the integration of safety and security, in order to contribute to and bring about safer, more economic, more efficient, more socially relevant, more comfortable and more environmentally sound mobility and surface transport.

3.   Regional aspects of research

In its proposal the Commission establishes a link between regional policy and research policy in two thematic areas, namely ‘Information Society technologies’ and ‘Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society’. The purpose of the activities undertaken in the first area is, amongst other things, to enable the general public in all EU regions to derive full benefit from the development of the knowledge-based society. In the second area the Commission envisages activities which will serve, amongst other things, to strengthen social cohesion, to ensure variety in the pace of the transition to the knowledge-based society at local, regional and national level, and to redefine areas of competence and responsibility.

The regional aspect of research is of major importance to Parliament which, in its resolution of 18 May 2000, calls on the Commission to ensure that Objective 1 regions employ at least 5% of the Structural Funds which they have not used in order to promote scientific research in various sectors, so as to reduce the technological gap between those regions and the rest of Europe and prevent unused Structural Funds from being withdrawn. In that same resolution, Parliament also calls for Structural Fund activities to be integrated with research programmes so that the former provide research infrastructure in less-favoured regions and the latter provide the mechanisms and financial means for high-level scientific collaboration. Lastly, Parliament calls for interaction between research programmes and other Community policies, in particular the Structural Funds.

These are priorities which should be incorporated into the Sixth Framework Programme and which your draftsman endorses.

Lastly, inclusion in the Sixth Framework Programme of key activities such as ‘Tomorrow’s cities and cultural heritage’ (which featured in the Fifth Framework Programme) should be requested.

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Regional Policy, Transport and Tourism calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Recital 8

It is therefore necessary to adopt a framework programme for the period 2002-2006 capable of exercising a structuring effect on research and technological development in Europe and making a significant contribution to bringing about the European Research Area.

It is therefore necessary to adopt a framework programme for the period 2002-2006 capable of exercising a structuring and integrating effect on research and technological development in Europe and making a significant contribution to bringing about the European Research Area.

Justification

To achieve European integration, scientific policies must be not only structured but also integrated.

Amendment 2
Annex I, paragraph 2 a (new)
 

In setting the research priorities for the first target, account should be taken of the interests and capacities of all Member States, including the least developed. The second target will have a gradually increasing impact on the less developed regions and countries.

Justification

The objective of cohesion should be included under all the targets.

Amendment 3
Annex I, Section 1.1.2, Heading 'Actions envisaged', paragraph 3, indent 1

–   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure and tourism, rural development, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

Justification

Both tourism and rural development have a substantial impact on improving cohesion.

Amendment 4
Annex I, Section 1.1.4, Heading ‘Objective’

The aim of activities carried out in this area is two-fold: to consolidate, by integrating its research efforts, the position of the European aerospace industry vis-à-vis increasingly strong world competition; and to help exploit the potential of European research in this sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

The aim of activities carried out in this area is three-fold: to consolidate, by integrating its research efforts, the position of the European aerospace industry and of European industry in the field of short-distance intermodal systems and surface transport vis-à-vis increasingly strong world competition; and to help exploit the potential of European research in this sector with a view to improving safety and environmental protection.

Justification

In the field of intermodality, congestion in the air-transport sector (with the effect that that has on safety and the environment) has become a major international problem. The transfer of short- haul domestic flights is one of the options contained in the Common Transport Policy and will depend on the success of air/surface intermodality systems. This will enable Europe to boost its exports of such integrated systems, for which there is increasing international demand.

Amendment 5
Annex I, Section 1.1.4, Heading ‘Justification of the effort and European added value’,
paragraph 1

The aerospace industry consists of two technologically and economically separate sectors but they are closely associated on account of their industrial and political implications and the stakeholders involved and they are examples of European economic and commercial success stories. However, US investment in aerospace is three to six times higher, depending on the sector.

The aerospace industry consists of two technologically and economically separate sectors but they are closely associated on account of their industrial and political implications and the stakeholders involved and they are examples of European economic and commercial success stories, rich in tradition and potential. The level of investment in other continents, such as in the USA and Japan, is significant.

Justification

The difference as regards investment in research exists not only between Europe and the USA but also between Europe and Japan.

Amendment 6
Annex I, Section 1.1.4, Heading ‘Actions envisaged’, Sub-heading ‘Aeronautics’, second indent

-   reduce environmental nuisances and loads (CO2 and NOX emissions, noise);

-   reduce environmental nuisances and loads (noise, CO2, NOX and other emissions);

Justification

The emissions mentioned by the Commission are not the only ones; there are others, such as SO2 and VOCs.

Amendment 7
Annex I, Section 1.1.4, Heading ‘Actions envisaged’, Sub-heading ‘Aeronautics’, indent 4 a (new)
 

-   strengthen innovative, integrated strategies and systems designed to encourage a switch from short-haul flights to trans-European high-speed rail services.

Justification

In the field of intermodality, congestion in the air-transport sector (with the effect that that has on safety and the environment) has become a major international problem. The transfer of short- haul domestic flights is one of the options contained in the Common Transport Policy and will depend on the success of air/surface intermodality systems. This will enable Europe to boost its exports of such integrated systems, for which there is increasing international demand.

Amendment 8
Annex I, Section 1.1.4, Heading 'Actions envisaged', Sub-heading 'Aeronautics', indent 4 b (new)
 

-   develop airport cooperation models as well as strategies for optimisation of airports as part of the integrated transport system.

Justification

Airport cooperation models are an important option with regard to more efficient use of airport infrastructure and scarce airspace. In addition, approaches must be developed which take due account of the importance of airports as integral elements of the integrated transport system.

Amendment 9
Annex I, Section 1.1.4, Heading ‘Actions envisaged’, Sub-heading ‘Space’, first indent

-   the Galileo satellite navigation project;

-    closer cost-effectiveness studies of the Galileo satellite navigation project with reference to the various modes of transport and mobility;

Justification

The cost-effectiveness aspect of the Galileo programme still needs to be explored, for which purpose the framework research programme provides a suitable opportunity.

Amendment 10
Annex I, Section 1.1.4 a (new)
 

1.1.   4a Sustainable mobility in the transport sector

 

Objective

 

The activities carried out in this area are intended to optimise the European integrated transport system using basic and applied research, specially in the light of the Commission's White Paper on European transport policy by 2010 adopted on 12 September, namely through the integration of sustainable development and safety, the integration of the various modes (i.e. intermodality) and the integration at European level of the individual Member States’ transport systems (interoperability) in order to contribute to and bring about more economic, efficient, socially relevant, comfortable, safe and environmentally sound mobility and transport.

 

Justification of the effort and European added value

 

Emphasis will be placed on European rail systems (Single European Rail System) for both passengers and freight, combined with other connected sustainable modes including inland waterways and transport by sea, as stated in the European public-transport policy. The introduction of more sustainable mobility and transport systems will in particular be based on:

 

-   the integration of sustainable development (see Article 6 of the Treaty): the reduction of noise and harmful gases (both local and regional) in the interests of the environment and human health by means of socio-economic techniques and approaches relating to mobility and transport in Europe, in order to prevent or reduce external environmental costs;

 

-   intermodality: making the rail network and its intermodal connections in Europe (hard- and software techniques for connection and transfer hubs and points) more efficient for the general public, so as to provide a better alternative to more congested forms of mobility and transport;

 

-   interoperability: increasing the effectiveness of cross-border mobility and transport links by contributing to new techniques which are more compatible and less costly to industries and operators and, ultimately, to European consumers. The European added value is obvious in this case because cross-border problems can be resolved only by joint action.

 

Actions envisaged

 

Sustainable development

 

-   avoidance and reduction of transport: new mobility management and transport logistics systems, study of the interplay between urban development, regional planning policy, housing policy and transport, decoupling transport growth from economic growth;

 

-   develop fair and efficient transport charging for all transport modes (road, rail, water, air) to an application level, focussing on European interoperable charging, external costs and contractual/institutional aspects;

 

-   carry out complete economic, environmental and social impact assessments for sustainable transport policies and plans, taking into account existing instruments and methodologies (e.g. developed within the TERM);

 

-   more effective techniques for reducing gas and noise emissions, including cost-effectiveness studies;

 

   manufacture of environment-friendly motor vehicles, railway coaches and other vehicles, as well as recycling of materials to be used in manufacture and refurbishment;

 

-   study of the effects of E-commerce on transport, and in particular on means of transport and routes, changes in the volume of traffic, traffic concentration, transport management and new logistics approaches;

 

-   development of new user-friendlier and more energy-efficient approaches to the sustainable development of towns and cities and urban areas.

 

Intermodality and interoperability

 

-   development of systems approaches to promote and improve intermodality;

 

-   strategies to link different modes of transport and national transport systems to form an integrated, sustainable, pan‑European transport system;

 

-   systems for integrating information, reservations and pricing, better access and connections in urban areas and cross-border regions (train-tram-bus-car sharing-taxi-bicycle etc.);

 

-   less expensive systems for combined (bimodal-horizontal) goods transport and the standardisation/harmonisation thereof within a trans-European network;

 

   intelligent traffic management and intelligent transport systems for all modes of transport, and in particular intelligent rail transport with a European telematics network to link rail transport management and innovative technologies to integrate different modes of transport (for passengers and goods, urban transport, etc.);

 

-   new forms of intermodal interoperability (harmonised plane-train booking and ticketing, etc.);

 

-   development of new approaches to cost reduction through the interoperability of passenger and goods transport signalling and electrification (etc.) systems.

 

Safety

 

-   technical and socio-psychological research and developments relating to accident risks and improvements to the climate of safety in mobility systems;

 

-   global safety analysis and harmonised validation system for safety assessment;

 

   development of automated systems to check speed, weight, journey time, etc., to enable the existing laws on these points to be enforced.

Justification

European surface transport is not dealt with in a sufficiently consistent fashion in the draft version of the Sixth Research and Development Framework Programme. Such forms of transport should therefore be brought together in a single section within the programme. In the new thematic area, research into all forms of transport will be given a higher profile (in terms of sustainable development, intermodality, interoperability and safety).

Amendment 11
Annex I, Section 1.1.6, Heading 'Justification of the effort and European added value'
first paragraph, second indent

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities.

-   a better understanding of the mechanisms of global change, and in particular climate change and our related forecasting capacities, and more effective methods of calculating the external costs of climate change.

Justification

Research should also be carried out into the development of firm criteria for calculating the external costs of climate change in financial terms.

Amendment 12
Annex I, Section 1.1.6, Heading 'Actions envisaged', Sub-heading 'Technologies for sustainable development', paragraph 2, indent 3

–   new concepts in solar photovoltaic technologies and advanced uses of biomass.

-   new concepts in wind and solar photovoltaic technologies and advanced uses of biomass.

Justification

Further research into wind energy could help to make it a clean and directly competitive energy source.

Amendment 13
Annex I, Section 1.1.7, Heading 'Actions envisaged', Sub-heading 'Knowledge based society',
indent 2

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge‑based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge‑based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening economic and social cohesion and sustainable development;

Justification

Economic and social cohesion should be treated as a single concept.

Amendment 14
Annex I, Section 1.1.7, Heading 'Actions envisaged', Sub-heading 'Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance', indent 4 a (new)
 

-   Tomorrow's cities and cultural heritage.

Justification

The purpose of this action, which has been taken from the Fifth Framework Programme, is the integrated development of urban living in accordance with comprehensive, innovatory and less expensive approaches which are environmentally sound, which are based on advanced organisational models and which reconcile in particular improvements to the quality of life, the re-establishment of social balances and the protection, conservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage with a view to ensuring that the socio-economic potential which it represents for employment and tourism can be exploited on a sustainable basis.

Amendment 15
Annex I, Section 1.2.2., paragraph 3

The JRC will carry out these activities in close cooperation and by networking with scientific circles, national research organisations and businesses in Europe.

The JRC will carry out these activities in close cooperation and by networking with scientific circles, national and regional research organisations and businesses in Europe.

Justification

Efforts should be made to include regional research structures.

Amendment 16
Annex I, Section 2.1., Headings 'Objective' and 'Justification of the effort and European added value'

2.1.   Research and innovation

2.1.   Research and innovation

Objective

Objective

These activities are intended to stimulate technological innovation, utilisation of research results, transfer of knowledge and technologies and the setting up of technology businesses in the Community and in all its regions.

These activities are intended to stimulate technological innovation, utilisation of research results, transfer of knowledge and technologies and the setting up of technology businesses in the Community and in all its regions, particularly the less developed ones.

Justification of the effort and European added value

Justification of the effort and European added value

Europe's comparatively poor ability to transform the results of research work and scientific and technological breakthroughs into industrial, economic and commercial successes, is one of its most notable weaknesses. Actions to stimulate business innovation at European level can help to raise the overall level of Europe's performance and increase European capacities in this area, by helping businesses and innovators in their efforts to operate on a European scale and on international markets, and by giving stakeholders in all regions of the EU the benefit of the experience and knowledge acquired in other regions through initiatives undertaken at this level.

Europe's comparatively poor ability to transform the results of research work and scientific and technological breakthroughs into industrial, economic and commercial successes, is one of its most notable weaknesses. Actions to stimulate business innovation at European level can help to raise the overall level of Europe's performance and increase European capacities in this area, by helping businesses and innovators, in particular those located in the Objective 1 regions, in their efforts to operate on a European scale and on international markets, and by giving stakeholders in all regions of the EU the benefit of the experience and knowledge acquired in other regions through initiatives undertaken at this level.

Justification

This amendment stresses the great importance of the promotion of innovation and technologies for the less developed regions of the Union. The promotion of new technologies in those regions will contribute to reducing the disparities with more prosperous regions.

Amendment 17
Annex I, Section 2.1., Heading 'Actions envisaged', paragraph 3, indent 2

-   actions to encourage trans-regional cooperation regarding innovation and support for the setting-up of technology businesses, as well as for the preparation of regional strategies in this area;

-   actions to encourage trans-regional cooperation regarding innovation and support for the setting-up of technology businesses, as well as for the preparation of regional strategies in this area; special attention should be paid to support for creating technological enterprises in the less developed regions of the EU;

Amendment 18
Annex I, Section 2.1., Heading 'Actions envisaged', paragraph 3

Some of these activities will be carried out in liaison with those of the EIB (in particular by means of the EIF) under its "Innovation 2000 Initiative" as well as the Structural Funds.

Some of these activities will be carried out in liaison with those of the EIB (in particular by means of the EIF) under its "Innovation 2000 Initiative" as well as in coordination with Structural Funds measures in this field.

Justification

Structural Fund measures should be coordinated with actions under the framework programme rather than conducted separately.

Amendment 19
Annex I, Section 3, Heading 'Actions envisaged', paragraph 1, indent 1

-   To step up the coordination of research activities carried out in Europe, at both national and European level, financial support for:

-   To step up the coordination of research activities carried out in Europe, at both national, regional and European level, financial support for:

Justification

Efforts should be made to include regional research structures.

Amendment 20
Annex II : MAXIMUM OVERALL AMOUNT, RESPECTIVE SHARES AND INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN

1)   Integrating research

12 770

1)   Integrating research

12 770

∙   Genomics and biotechnology for health

2 000

∙   Genomics and biotechnology for health

2 000

  •    Information Society technologies

3 600

∙   Information Society technologies

3 200

  •    Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, new production processes

1 300

∙   Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, new production processes

1 300

  •    Aeronautics and space

1 000

∙   Aeronautics and space

∙   Sustainable mobility in the transport sector

600

800

  •    Food safety and health risks

600

∙   Food safety and health risks

600

∙   Sustainable development and global change

1 700

∙   Sustainable development and global change

1 700

∙   Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

225

∙   Citizens and governance in the European knowledge‑based society

225

∙   Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

2 345

∙   Anticipating the EU's scientific and technological needs

2 345

2)   Structuring the European Research Area

3 050

2)   Structuring the European Research Area

3 050

  • Research and innovation

300

∙   Research and innovation

300

  • Human resources

1 800

∙   Human resources

1 800

  • Research infrastructures

900

∙   Research infrastructures

900

  • Science/society

50

∙   Science/society

50

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area

450

3)   Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area

450

  • Support for the coordination of activities

400

∙   Support for the coordination of activities

400

  • Support for the coherent development of policies

50

∙   Support for the coherent development of policies

50

TOTAL

16 270

TOTAL

16 270

Justification

The new thematic area corresponds to a priority field of CTP and needs a lot of research and development in the future, in order to boost and integrate 'sustainability' into the transport sector. As 'aeronautics and space' (1.1.4.) also concerns transport, RETT compensates within this transport field. Furthermore, information systems (1.1.2) for intermodality, interoperability, safety and security should be incorporated into mobility and surface transport (1.1.4a new) research and development and will therefore lighten the information systems' thematic area.

  • [1] OJ C 180, 26.6.2001, p. 156.

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON CULTURE, YOUTH, EDUCATION, THE MEDIA AND SPORT

18 September 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area

(COM(2001) 94 – C5-0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

Draftsman: Geneviève Fraisse

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport appointed Geneviève Fraisse draftsman at its meeting of 22 March 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meetings of 19 June, 10 and 11 July and 17 September 2001.

At the last meeting it adopted the following amendments unanimously.

The following were present for the vote: Pedro Aparicio Sánchez (acting chairman), Geneviève Fraisse (draftsman), Ruth Hieronymi, Maria Martens, Barbara O'Toole, Doris Pack, Marieke Sanders-ten Holte, Kathleen Van Brempt, Sabine Zissener, Eva Klamt (for Theresa Zabell), The Earl of Stockton (for Roy Perry) and Myrsini Zorba (for Phillip Whitehead).

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Annex I, 1.1.2. Information Society technologies
Actions envisaged
Integrating research into technological areas of priority interest for citizens and businesses

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, in particular by bringing down the cost of terminals, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

Justification

The difficulties surrounding use are not the only barrier to access to the new technologies, since the cost of equipment also plays a role. Research in new information and communication technologies ought to set out to promote technologies which provide access to these new tools for all. The average proportion of European homes with Internet access remains below 30%. Equipment and telecommunications costs are a barrier to large-scale Internet use and the development of a digital culture, and as such risk widening the gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have-nots’ where access to the new technologies is concerned.

Amendment 2
Annex I, 1.1.2. Information Society technologies
Actions envisaged
Integrating research into technological areas of priority interest for citizens and businesses

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage and environmental monitoring;

-   ambient intelligence systems offering access to the information society for all, whatever their age and situation, as well as interactive and intelligent systems for health, mobility, security, leisure, preservation of the cultural heritage, access to cultural resources and environmental monitoring;

Justification

Preservation of the cultural heritage and access to cultural resources - different actions that nonetheless complement one another - are both covered in the ‘multimedia content and tools’ key action in the fifth framework programme.

Amendment 3
Annex I, 1.1.2. Information Society technologies
Actions envisaged
Integrating research into technological areas of priority interest for citizens and businesses

-   electronic and mobile commerce, as well as technologies for secure transactions and infrastructures, new tools and new methods of work, technologies for learning and systems for corporate knowledge management, for integrated business management and for e-government;

-   electronic and mobile commerce, as well as technologies for secure transactions and infrastructures, new tools and new methods of work, technologies for learning and systems for corporate knowledge management, for integrated business management and for e-government;

–   

-   technologies and infrastructures to boost European capacity to digitise its data, creations and archives;

Justification

If it is to develop a knowledge-based society and enjoy economic vibrancy, Europe must be capable of building up infrastructures and techniques that can be used to produce digital content and digitise its archives with a view to exploiting their cultural, educational, economic and social potential. Such an aim is a matter of priority for citizens and undertakings alike.

Amendment 4
Annex I, 1.1.2. Information Society technologies
Actions envisaged
Information management and interfaces

Information management and interfaces

Knowledge and interface technologies

Justification

This title is better suited to the aims of this line of action. The knowledge-based society is not a matter of information alone. This title appears in the specific programme implementing the framework programme. This amendment seeks to ensure consistency between the framework programme and the specific programme ‘Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area’ that will contribute towards implementation of the former.

Amendment 5
Annex I, 1.1.3. Nanotechnologies, intelligent materials, and new production processes
Actions envisaged

Nanotechnologies:

Nanotechnologies:

-   long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding phenomena, mastering processes and developing research tools;

-   long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding phenomena, mastering processes and developing research tools;

-   supramolecular architectures and macromolecules;

-   supramolecular architectures and macromolecules;

-   nano-biotechnologies;

-   nano-biotechnologies;

-   nanometre-scale engineering techniques to create materials and components;

-   nanometre-scale engineering techniques to create materials and components;

-   development of handling and control devices and instruments;

-   development of handling and control devices and instruments;

-   applications in areas such as health, chemistry, energy, optics and the environment.

-   applications in areas such as health, chemistry, energy, optics, cultural heritage and the environment.

Justification

The ‘City of tomorrow and cultural heritage’ key action of the fifth framework programme must be pursued and care must be taken to ensure that the material dimension of heritage is consistently taken into account in the sixth framework programme.

Amendment 6
Annex I, 1.1.5. Food safety and health risks
Justification of the effort and European added value

The same remarks apply to the various aspects of the problems associated with the health impact of environmental changes which are a source of growing concern for European citizens, and which often manifest themselves on an international scale. For all these reasons, but also in order to derive the benefit of the combination of the best sources of expertise available in complex areas, the research in question should be carried out at European level in such a way as to ensure genuine coordination of national activities.

The same remarks apply to the various aspects of the problems associated with the health impact of environmental changes and doping practices which are a source of growing concern for European citizens, and which often manifest themselves on an international scale. For all these reasons, but also in order to derive the benefit of the combination of the best sources of expertise available in complex areas, the research in question should be carried out at European level in such a way as to ensure genuine coordination of national activities.

Justification

The rapid development in doping practices in sport, the health risks involved and the sullied image of sport in the eyes of the European public justify the effort and European added value in this area.

Amendment 7
Annex I, 1.1.5. Food safety and health risks
Actions envisaged

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

Community activities will cover research relating to various aspects of the anti-doping campaign and of the control of health risks and links between health and food:

 

-   methods of analysis, detection and rehabilitation for doping practices;

Justification

The rapid development in doping practices in sport, the health risks involved and the sullied image of sport in the eyes of the European public justify the effort and European added value in sport.

Amendment 8
Annex I, 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Justification of the effort and European added value, first indent

-   the design, development and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure more rational use of natural resources, less waste production and a reduction in the impact of economic activity on the environment;

-   the design, development of research into, and dissemination of technologies making it possible to ensure the conservation and more rational use of natural resources and of historical and cultural heritage as finite resources, less waste production and a reduction in the impact of economic activity on the environment;

Justification

Amendment 9
Annex I, 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Actions envisaged
Technologies for sustainable development, first indent

-   renewable energy sources, energy savings and energy efficiency, especially in the urban environment, as well as clean transport, with the development of new vehicle concepts in particular for road transport, as well as the development of alternative motor fuels;

-   renewable energy sources, energy savings and energy efficiency, especially in the urban environment, historical heritage and the natural environment, as well as clean transport, with the development of new vehicle concepts in particular for road transport, as well as the development of alternative motor fuels;

Justification

Amendment 10
Annex I, 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Actions envisaged
Global change, first indent

-   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate and carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil);

-   impact and mechanisms of greenhouse gas emissions on climate, cultural heritage, the quality of life in urban environments and carbon sinks (oceans, forests and soil);

Justification

Europe’s desire to understand the effects of greenhouse gases must encompass man-made and natural resources to the same degree. Consequently, alongside research into ways of protecting forests - a matter of particular interest to the countries in the north of the European Union - scientific and technological research should be conducted into means of protecting cultural heritage, an issue of particular relevance to EU Member States in the south.

Amendment 11
Annex I, 1.1.6. Sustainable development and global change
Actions envisaged
Global change, third indent

-   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and the latter;

-   biodiversity, protection of genetic resources, protection of genetic and cultural heritage in all areas, operation of terrestrial and marine ecosystems and interactions between human activities and every one of these aspects;

Justification

Europe must be willing to protect man-made and genetic resources to the same degree. Consequently, alongside research into protection in areas of global interest such as biodiversity and genetic resources, scientific and technological research should be conducted into means of protecting cultural heritage, an issue of particular relevance with a view to attaining an authentic and firmly rooted European identity, at a time when Europe needs to find common points of reference before it embarks upon enlargement. Moreover, interaction with human activities holds the key to understanding the trends in all of the aspects cited in the above indent and should not, therefore, relate solely to terrestrial and marine ecosystems.

Amendment 12
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Objectives

The activities carried out in this area are intended to mobilise in a coherent effort, in all their wealth and diversity, European research capacities in economic, political, social and human sciences with a view to understanding and addressing issues related to the emergence of the knowledge-based society and new forms of relationships between its citizens and institutions.

The activities carried out in this area are intended to mobilise in a coherent effort, in all their wealth and diversity, European research capacities in economic, political, social and human sciences as disciplines in their own right that are required for the development of individuals and for understanding European societies and European integration. They must be able to pinpoint the challenges facing society, and in particular those that relate to the emergence of the knowledge-based society and new forms of relationships between its citizens and institutions.

Justification

The human and social sciences (history, philosophy, geography, sociology, psychology, linguistics, legal sciences, etc.) are a necessary part of political and cultural integration in a Europe which, besides being the home of industrial and technological innovation, is the place in which hundreds of millions of European citizens live, speak, interact and travel. These sciences should be included as fully-fledged disciplines under the sixth framework research programme and as a field of research with high added value in the process of establishing a European Research Area.

Amendment 13
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Justification of the effort and European added value

Europe’s transition towards a knowledge-based economy and society, and its sustainable development in the interests of the quality of life of all citizens will be all the easier if it takes place in a way which is properly understood and managed. This requires a substantial research effort concerning the issues of integrated and sustainable economic and social progress based on the fundamental values of justice and solidarity which characterise the European model of society. In this respect, economic, political, social and human sciences research should more particularly help to ensure the harnessing and exploitation of an exponentially increasing quantity of information and knowledge and an understanding of the processes at work in this area.

Europe’s transition towards a knowledge-based economy and society, and its sustainable development in the interests of the quality of life of all citizens will be all the easier if it takes place in a way which is properly understood and managed. This requires a substantial research effort concerning the issues of integrated and sustainable economic and social progress based on the fundamental values of justice and solidarity which characterise the European model of society. In this respect, economic, political, social and human sciences research should be supported as disciplines with their own areas of concern. They are a vital means of understanding and analysing our societies. They can help to ensure the harnessing and exploitation of an exponentially increasing quantity of information and knowledge and an understanding of the processes at work in this area.

Justification

The human and social sciences are considered from the point of view of the contribution they can make to other disciplines, rather than as disciplines which should develop research in their own areas of concern. Building a European Research Area means giving full status to all of these disciplines, including where basic research is concerned. The contribution of geography, history, anthropology, legal and political science, sociology, economics, demographics, philosophy and linguistics, to name but a few, will be vital in achieving a better understanding of the world and charting future paths.

Amendment 14
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Actions envisaged
Knowledge-based society

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, gender and inter-generational relations, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

Justification

Gender relations, the role of young people and inter-generational relations hold the key to the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon European Council.

Amendment 15
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Actions envisaged
Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance

-   consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions;

-   consequences of European integration and enlargement of the EU for democracy, the concept of legitimacy, and the functioning of the institutions, together with an analysis of economic and social change in society in the Member States and the applicant countries;

Justification

This amendment seeks to stimulate and support research into economic, social, demographic and cultural change in respect of enlargement and European integration.

Amendment 16
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Actions envisaged
Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance

-   emergence of new forms of citizenship and identities, forms and impact of cultural diversity in Europe.

-   emergence of new forms of citizenship and identities, forms and impact of cultural diversity in Europe;

 

-   consideration of the development of European identity.

Justification

Consideration of Europe’s future should involve stimulating and supporting research into the many questions thrown up by the process of deepening the European Union and by economic, political, social and cultural change. Europe’s history has not mirrored physical or geographical trends. In many ways European identity remains an especially resonant and complex idea.

Amendment 17
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Actions envisaged
Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance

In operational terms, Community activities will focus on support for:

In operational terms, Community activities will focus on support for:

-   transnational research and comparative studies and the coordinated development of statistics and qualitative and quantitative indicators;

-   transnational research and comparative studies and the coordinated development of statistics and qualitative and quantitative indicators;

 

-   disciplinary and inter-disciplinary seminars of academics and experts;

-   interdisciplinary research in support of public policies;

-   interdisciplinary research in support of public policies;

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

Justification

The insight shared by European academics and experts with regard to similar problem issues will mean that meetings between them result in joint approaches.

Amendment 18
Annex I, 1.1.7. Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Actions envisaged
Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance

In operational terms, Community activities will focus on support for:

In operational terms, Community activities will focus on support for:

-   transnational research and comparative studies and the coordinated development of statistics and qualitative and quantitative indicators;

-   transnational research and comparative studies and the coordinated development of statistics and qualitative and quantitative indicators;

-   interdisciplinary research in support of public policies;

-   interdisciplinary research in support of public policies;

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures, institutes and academic centres, as well as data and knowledge bases.

Justification

Institutes and academic research centres have a key role to play in developing research, above all in the social sciences.

Amendment 19
Annex I, 1.2.1. Activities carried out on the basis of calls for proposals

-   research in support of the objectives set for the EU by the European Council, for example the objectives set by the Lisbon and Feira European Councils with regard to economic policy, Information Society and e-Europe, enterprise, social policy and employment, education and training, including the requisite statistical methods and tools;

-   research in support of the objectives set for the EU by the European Council, for example the objectives set by the Lisbon and Feira European Councils with regard to economic policy, Information Society and e-Europe, enterprise, social policy and employment, education and training, culture and audiovisual technology, including the requisite statistical methods and tools;

Justification

Culture and audiovisual technology are established EU objectives, a fact pointed out in particular at the Lisbon and Feira European Councils. Given the developments in digital content, new audiovisual broadcast means and cyber cinema, both sectors are likely to be the stage for sweeping technological innovation that European research must plan for and/or keep pace with.

Amendment 20
Annex I, 1.2.2. Joint Research Centre activities

-   Public security and combating fraud:

-   Public security and combating fraud:

Detection of antipersonnel mines; prevention of natural and technological hazards; networks in support of cybersecurity in the EU; fraud control technologies.

Detection of antipersonnel mines; prevention of natural and technological hazards; networks in support of cybersecurity in the EU; fraud control technologies; protection and clearance of intellectual property rights.

Justification

At European level reliable, safe and internationally recognised automated procedures need to be developed with a view to ensuring that the rights of authors enjoy comprehensive guarantees, whilst at the same time enabling undertakings that produce multimedia programmes to manage them simply.

Amendment 21
Annex I, 2.2. Human resources and mobility
Justification of the effort and European added value

Promoting transnational mobility is a simple, particularly effective and powerful means of boosting European excellence as a whole, as well as its distribution in the different regions of the EU. It creates opportunities for significantly improving the quality of the training of researchers, promotes the circulation and exploitation of knowledge, and helps to establish world-class centres of excellence that are attractive throughout Europe. EU level action in this area (as in human resources in general) leading to the attainment of critical mass will inevitably have a major impact.

Promoting transnational mobility is a simple, particularly effective and powerful means of boosting European excellence as a whole, as well as its distribution in the different regions of the EU. It creates opportunities for significantly improving the quality of the training of researchers, promotes the circulation and exploitation of knowledge, and helps to establish world-class centres of excellence that are attractive throughout Europe. EU level action in this area (as in human resources in general) leading to the attainment of critical mass will inevitably have a major impact.

 

Particular attention will be focused on:

 

-   the involvement of women in all actions and appropriate measures geared towards achieving a fairer gender balance in research;

 

-   the personal circumstances linked to mobility, especially family circumstances, the status of researchers and career development and recognition at European level;

 

-   training in the languages and cultures of the countries concerned.

Justification

These aspects of human resources and mobility policy tie in with EU objectives.

Amendment 22
Annex I, 2.2. Human resources and mobility
Actions envisaged

-   individual support measures for European researchers for the purposes of mobility to another European or a third country, and for top-class third-country researchers wishing to come to Europe;

-   individual support measures, including language and cultural awareness training, for European researchers for the purposes of mobility to another European or a third country, and for top-class third-country researchers wishing to come to Europe;

Justification

Technical knowledge of a language that lacks an awareness of the culture in which that language is used limits the quality of exchanges. Knowledge of a language and the ability to communicate properly with native speakers of languages other than one’s own go hand in hand with an understanding of the cultural background that determines identity. The success of mobility depends on these conditions being met.

Amendment 23
Annex I, Section 2, Paragraph 2.4, Subparagraph 1

Objective

Objective

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of innovation in Europe as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers and citizens.

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of society to innovation in Europe, as well as contributing to critical thinking by scientists in response to concerns in society, as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers, major social groups and citizens.

Justification

It is important that society should be open to innovation, but equally important that scientists should be responsive to public concern in a spirit of self-criticism. Major social groups should participate in the dialogue.

Amendment 24
Annex I, Section 2, Paragraph 2.4, Subparagraph 3 'Actions envisaged', second indent

Ensuring that use of scientific and technological progress takes place in a responsible fashion: risk; expertise; implementing the precautionary principle; European reference system; ethics;

Ensuring that use of scientific and technological progress takes place in an ethically responsible fashion: risk; expertise; European reference system;

Justification

The precautionary principle and ethics are major priorities of the European Parliament; therefore they should each be mentioned in a separate indent. The rapporteur’s proposals are largely based on the proposals by the Commission for the specific research programme (cf. p. 114 of the specific programmes implementing the Framework Programme 2002-2006 for research, technological development and demonstration activities as a contribution to the European Research Area).

Amendment 25
Annex I, 2.3. Research infrastructures
Actions envisaged

-   carrying out feasibility studies and work in preparation for the creation of new European scale infrastructures;

-   carrying out feasibility studies and work in preparation for the creation of new European scale infrastructures;

 

-   promoting a European digital campus to expand distance learning;

-   optimising of European infrastructures by providing limited support for the development of new infrastructures. This support may supplement contributions from the EIB or the Structural Funds to the funding of these infrastructures; the feasibility studies should systematically explore the possibilities of such a contribution.

-   optimising of European infrastructures by providing limited support for the development of new infrastructures. This support may supplement contributions from the EIB or the Structural Funds to the funding of these infrastructures; the feasibility studies should systematically explore the possibilities of such a contribution.

Justification

Virtual infrastructure, particularly in the field of training, is set to expand in the future.

Amendment 26
Annex I, 2.4. Science/society
Objective

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of innovation in Europe as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers and citizens.

The activities carried out under this heading are intended to encourage the development of harmonious relations between science and society and the opening-up of innovation in Europe as a result of the establishment of new relations and an informed dialogue between researchers, industrialists, political decision-makers and citizens. Human sciences play a crucial role in considering ways of making science accessible to the general public.

Justification

There is no simple means of making science more accessible to the public. The ‘dialogue’ referred to entails not only a debate, but also, most importantly, effective popularisation - a process that will not happen on its own, but rather requires thought and large-scale preparatory work so as to ensure that all sciences are made more accessible.

Amendment 27
Annex I, 2.4. Science/society
Actions envisaged

They will take the form of activities in support of:

They will take the form of activities in support of:

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   carrying out specific research;

-   carrying out specific research;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes.

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes;

 

-   setting up European houses of science in the capital cities of the Member States and in prominent places worldwide to disseminate European scientific and technological research.

Justification

If the European Union is to make its cultural and technological presence felt, its technological and scientific capabilities must be made known in the world’s great capital cities as well as in the Member States themselves.

Amendment 28
Annex I, 2.4. Science/society
Actions envisaged

They will take the form of activities in support of:

They will take the form of activities in support of:

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   carrying out specific research;

-   carrying out specific research;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes.

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes;

 

-   setting up a European electronic public library of science.

Justification

The potential afforded by the new technologies must be channelled into divulging the knowledge that they produce.

Amendment 29
Annex I, addition at the end of Annex I (new)
 

Fundamental ethical principles

 

In implementing this programme and carrying out research under it, certain fundamental ethical principles must be observed, such as the protection of human dignity, of data and privacy, and of animals and the environment. If appropriate, participants in research projects must obtain the approval of the competent ethics committee before beginning R&TD projects. In the case of proposals on sensitive subjects, systematic ethical reviews shall be conducted. In individual cases, the ethical review may also be performed during the implementation of the project.

Justification

Unlike the 5th Framework Programme, the proposal for the 6th does not contain any comments on the ethical limits to research. Yet in its proposal for the specific programme to integrate and strengthen the European Research Area, the Commission has much to say on the subject. The rapporteur proposes incorporating its observations in the framework programme (see Explanatory Memorandum).

Amendment 30
Annex II, point 1, seventh indent

EUR million

EUR million

Citizens and governance in the

European knowledge-based society   225

Citizens and governance in the

European knowledge-based society   500

Justification

The seventh thematic research area (‘Citizens and governance’) and the ‘Science/society’ objective have rightly been assigned priority and declared pivotal elements of the sixth framework programme. They should, therefore, be allocated funding commensurate with the range of actions envisaged thereunder.

Amendment 31
Annex II, point 2, fourth indent

EUR million

EUR million

Science/society   50

Science/society   150

Justification

The seventh thematic research area (‘Citizens and governance’) and the ‘Science/society’ objective have rightly been assigned priority and declared pivotal elements of the sixth framework programme. They should, therefore, be allocated funding commensurate with the range of actions envisaged thereunder.

Amendment 32
Annex III, Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
1.1. Instruments to integrate research
1.1.1.   Networks of excellence

The programmes of activities, representing an order of magnitude of several millions of euros per annum, will be defined on the basis of precise research themes and topics, but not on the basis of pre-defined objectives or results. Implementing them will entail the gradual integration of the work programmes in the areas concerned, a precise breakdown of activities, a significant volume of exchanges of personnel, and intensive use of electronic information and communication networks and virtual and interactive working methods. These programmes will necessarily and in a verifiable manner involve activities to manage, transfer and exploit the knowledge produced.

The programmes of activities, representing an order of magnitude of several millions of euros per annum, will be defined on the basis of precise research themes and topics, but not on the basis of pre-defined objectives or results. Implementing them will entail the gradual integration of the work programmes in the areas concerned, a precise breakdown of activities, a significant volume of exchanges of personnel, and intensive use of electronic information and communication networks and virtual and interactive working methods. These programmes will necessarily and in a verifiable manner involve activities to manage, transfer, exploit and publicise the knowledge produced.

Justification

The knowledge produced by research financed from public funds must be made available to the entire research community.

Amendment 33
Annex III, Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
1. Instruments
1.1.2 a., Stairway of excellence (new)
 

1.1.2a.   Stairway of excellence

 

In the priority thematic areas of research of the framework programme, financial contribution to projects falling within the scope of the stairway of excellence

 

If the European Research Area is to be brought into being, efforts will have to be pooled in the European policy for research and technological development. That being the case, European added value and much of the research conducted should be measured according to the three essential yardsticks of excellence, critical mass and the pioneering nature of the project (together with the quality of its findings). Efforts will focus on projects and forms of cooperation which, having satisfied all three criteria, offer the best prospects of success.

 

As well as focusing efforts in the manner described above, additional efforts will be made to identify subfields or research projects within the priority thematic areas and partners in the research community who deserve to be encouraged to rise to the requisite degrees of excellence, critical mass and utility which they have not yet attained. In cases of this kind, the other three new instruments will not always be possible or appropriate to apply directly. The means to be employed in such cases, where the need has been duly shown to exist, will therefore be the range of tools provided under the fifth framework programme for indirect research actions, subject to the same financial conditions for participation. These tools are: shared-cost projects, support affording access to research infrastructures, technology- stimulation projects to encourage and facilitate SME participation in research and technological development activities, ‘Marie Curie’ training grants, support for networks, concerted research projects, and accompanying measures.

 

This instrument must be used flexibly and provide for arrangements to accommodate other small-scale participants with innovative research projects and the potential to meet the criteria with regard to critical mass and centres of excellence. Moreover, the stairway of excellence must be able to embrace: a) research centres not included in the networks of excellence, b) initiatives put forward by pre-competitive research teams, c) SMEs and d) projects which can form the basis for future networks, with a view to integrating regions with similar problems and the applicant countries into the European Research Area.

 

These projects must be sound and, where possible, connected with the main priority areas of the framework programme. The budget shall be limited to 20% of the overall budget. The Administration may call on the services of external bodies in cases that would prove beneficial in financial and administrative terms.

Justification

It is vital that work be conducted on a Europe-wide scale, given that small, high-quality research teams are common. Moreover, if SMEs and the applicant countries are to be accommodated, space within the programme must be sought to provide for small-scale, innovative, quality initiatives. This will also provide an opening for pre-competitive groups and centres which have hitherto not taken part in European programmes and thus afford new opportunities for them to join areas of excellence. Likewise, it would be worthwhile extending the opportunity of becoming involved in this programme to the research centres and teams spread across the EU as a whole as a means of offsetting the centralised management approach preferred by the other instruments.

Amendment 34
Annex III, Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
1.1. Instruments to integrate research
1.1.1.   Networks of excellence
(fourth paragraph)

The networks of excellence will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals.

The networks of excellence will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals, which will primarily require the inclusion of young European researchers and gender balance in the relevant project teams.

Justification

The choice of centres of excellence and the use of European funding must abide by the objectives of the sixth framework programme.

Amendment 35
Annex III, Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
1.1. Instruments to integrate research
1.1.2.   Integrated projects

Carrying them out will necessarily and in a verifiable manner entail activities relating to dissemination, transfer and exploitation of knowledge as well as analysis and evaluation of the economic and social impact of the technologies concerned and the factors involved in their successful exploitation.

Carrying them out will necessarily and in a verifiable manner entail activities relating to dissemination, transfer, exploitation and publication of knowledge as well as analysis and evaluation of the economic and social impact of the technologies concerned and the factors involved in their successful exploitation.

Justification

The knowledge produced by research financed from public funds must be made available to the entire research community and developed to serve the general interest.

Amendment 36
Annex III, Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
1.1. Instruments to integrate research
1.1.2.   Integrated projects

The integrated projects will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals. Participation in them will be open to third country organisations and organisations for European scientific cooperation. There will be specific measures to encourage SME participation.

The integrated projects will be selected on the basis of calls for proposals, which will primarily require the inclusion of young European researchers and gender balance in the relevant project teams. Participation in them will be open to third country organisations and organisations for European scientific cooperation. There will be specific measures to encourage SME participation.

Justification

The choice of centres of excellence and the use of European funding must abide by the objectives of the sixth framework programme.

Amendment 37
Annex III, Instruments and detailed rules for Community financial participation
1.1.   Instruments to integrate research

1.1.2.   Integrated projects

The networks of excellence and the integrated projects will be administered by the participants with a high level of autonomy. They will in particular have the possibility:

The networks of excellence and the integrated projects will be administered by the participants with a high level of autonomy. They should seek in particular to:

-   of associating other partners with the activities that they undertake;

-   associate other partners with the activities that they undertake;

-   of defining projects of limited scale as components of their programmes of activity and launching calls for proposals;

-   define projects of limited scale as components of their programmes of activity and launch calls for proposals targeted above all at small-scale research bodies;

-   of adapting the content of those programmes according to needs.

-   adapt the content of those programmes according to needs.

Justification

If European research is to be diverse and flourish, it is vital that balance and coordination between centres of excellence and research as a whole be maintained. The fact is that small-scale research bodies lead the field in making the most unexpected and innovative discoveries.

  • [1] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 156 .

OPINION OF THE COMMITTEE ON WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES

12 September 2001

for the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy

on the proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the multiannual framework programme 2002-2006 of the European Community for research, technological development and demonstration activities aimed at contributing towards the creation of the European Research Area

(COM(2001) 94 – C5‑0087/2001 – 2001/0053(COD))

Draftsperson: Lissy Gröner

PROCEDURE

The Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities appointed Lissy Gröner draftsperson at its meeting of 10 April 2001.

It considered the draft opinion at its meeting of 11 September 2001.

At the latter meeting it adopted the following amendments unopposed, with one abstention.

The following were present for the vote: Maj Britt Theorin, chairperson; Jillian Evans, vice‑chairperson; Lissy Gröner, draftsperson; María Antonia Avilés Perea, Fiorella Ghilardotti, Heidi Anneli Hautala, Anna Karamanou, Christa Klaß, Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou, Astrid Lulling, Maria Martens, Amalia Sartori, Patsy Sörensen, Joke Swiebel, Sabine Zissener, Ilda Figueiredo (for Marianne Eriksson) and Marie-Hélène Gillig (for Elena Ornella Paciotti).

SHORT JUSTIFICATION

AMENDMENTS

The Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities calls on the Committee on Industry, External Trade, Research and Energy, as the committee responsible, to incorporate the following amendments in its report:

Text proposed by the Commission[1]Amendments by Parliament
Amendment 1
Annex 1: Scientific and technological objectives
and broad lines of the activities, paragraph 3

The activities carried out in order to achieve the last two targets are intended to structure various dimensions of the European Research Area that are closely connected with research and constitute its environment, as well as helping to establish or consolidate the foundations underpinning its operation. They will therefore be implemented across the whole field of science and technology.

-   of participation of third country researchers and organisations in projects and networks in areas of particular interest to those countries.

The activities carried out in order to achieve the last two targets are intended to structure various dimensions of the European Research Area that are closely connected with research and constitute its environment, as well as helping to establish or consolidate the foundations underpinning its operation. They will therefore be implemented across the whole field of science and technology and foster the development of human resources, and women in particular, by removing the barriers which women scientists are facing and enabling them to combine professional and family life, first of all by providing childcare facilities

Justification

At present too many women abandon scientific careers because they are unable to combine their roles as mothers and professionals, especially if they are single parents.

Amendment 2
Appendix I, eighth paragraph, fourth indent

-   of participation of third country researchers and organisations in projects and networks in areas of particular interest to those countries.

Does not apply to English version

Justification

[Translator’s note: The German amendment seeks to include the feminine as well as the masculine form of the word ‘researcher’ in order to make the language of the Decision gender-neutral.]

Amendment 3
Appendix I, point 1.1, second paragraph

Seven priority thematic areas have been selected.

Seven priority thematic areas have been selected, in which the new framework strategy on gender mainstreaming is applied.

Justification

With its decision of 7 June 2000 the Commission adopted the Framework Strategy on Gender Equality, which must be applied to the sixth framework programme.

Amendment 4
1.1.7 Citizens and governance in the European knowledge-based society
Actions envisaged
Knowledge-based society

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

-   options and choices for the development of a knowledge-based society serving the EU objectives set at the Lisbon and Nice European Councils, in particular as regards improving the quality of life, employment and labour market policies, life-long education and training, and equality of the sexes, and strengthening social cohesion and sustainable development;

Justification

Equality of the sexes is a precondition for, inter alia, the development of a knowledge-based society serving the objectives the Union set itself at Lisbon.

Amendment 5
Appendix I, point 1.1.7, third title, third subtitle, third indent

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases.

-   the establishment and exploitation on a European scale of research infrastructures and data and knowledge bases, and support for interdisciplinary and specific gender research by, for and about women.

Justification

This addition has been tabled by the EP’s Committee on Women's Rights and Equal Opportunities because the need for gender research already became apparent in the Fifth Research Framework Programme, and was also referred to in Parliament’s resolution A5‑0082/1999 of 3 February 2000 on women and research.

Amendment 6
Appendix I, point 1.2.1, third indent

-   research in support of EU policy objectives such as, for example, those set out in the 6th Environment Programme33 and the Green Paper “Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply”34;

_________________

33 COM(2001) 31.

34 COM(2000) 769.

-   research in support of EU policy objectives such as, for example, those set out in the 6th Environment Programme33 and the Green Paper “Towards a European Strategy for the Security of Energy Supply”34, as well as in the Strategy on Gender Equality (2001-2005) and the related programme;

_________________

33 COM(2001) 31.

34 COM(2000) 769.

Justification

This addition is necessary in order to strengthen the place and role of women in science and research in Europe.

Amendment 7
Appendix I, point 1.2.1, new indent after the eleventh indent
 

The activities should continue to pursue the initiatives begun in the Fifth Framework Programme with the aim of achieving gender balance with at least 40% of each gender;

Justification

The initial successes achieved in the Fifth Framework Programme must be pursued in succeeding programmes.

Amendment 8
2.2 Human resources and mobility
Justification of the effort and European added value

Promoting transnational mobility is a simple, particularly effective and powerful means of boosting European excellence as a whole, as well as its distribution in the different regions of the EU. It creates opportunities for significantly improving the quality of the training of researchers, promotes the circulation and exploitation of knowledge, and helps to establish world-class centres of excellence that are attractive throughout Europe. EU level action in this area (as in human resources in general) leading to the attainment of critical mass will inevitably have a major impact.

Promoting transnational mobility is a simple, particularly effective and powerful means of boosting European excellence as a whole, as well as its distribution in the different regions of the EU. It creates opportunities for significantly improving the quality of the training of researchers, promotes the circulation and exploitation of knowledge, and helps to establish world-class centres of excellence that are attractive throughout Europe. EU level action in this area (as in human resources in general) leading to the attainment of critical mass will inevitably have a major impact.

Particular attention will be paid to:

∙   participation by women in all the initiatives and to the measures taken to promote gender balance in research

∙   personal circumstances relating to mobility, particularly as regards family life and the status of researchers

Justification

These items of human resource and mobility policy tie in with the objectives of the European Union and the Community framework strategy on equality of men and women.

Amendment 9
2.4 Science/Society
Actions envisaged

They will take the form of activities in support of:

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   carrying out specific research;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes.

They will take the form of activities in support of:

-   networking and establishment of structural links between the institutions and activities concerned at national, regional and European level;

-   exchange of experience and good practice;

-   carrying out specific, interdisciplinary research on the subject, inter alia, of gender and the sexes;

-   high-profile awareness-raising initiatives such as prizes and competitions;

-   establishing data and information bases and carrying out studies, in particular statistical and methodological studies, on the different themes, including participation by women in the various areas of research and in all bodies that take decisions on research.

Justification

The true extent to which women are underrepresented in scientific research will only be known when statistics are drawn up specifically to this end in all areas of research and in all the decision-making structures and bodies.

Amendment 10
Appendix II, paragraph 2, point 4

Science/society   50

Science/society   200

Justification

The sum of Euro 50 million allocated to the activities under ‘Science/society’ is totally inadequate and must be considerably increased.

  • [1] OJ C 180E, 26.6.2001, p. 156.