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In August 1988, the European Community established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, ending the 30-year-long policy of mutual non-recognition, ignorance, and hostility. This step secured the unconditional recognition by the USSR of the reality of the European Community, including the application of Community law to West Berlin. The reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev since 1985 made this normalisation possible. Equally important was the rise of the Community as an independent international ...

Ukraine’s military has focused in recent weeks on repelling Russian assaults across several, geographically distinct, sectors of the front, while trying to make some gains in the eastern and southern occupied territories, and on rebuffing the sentiment that its counter-offensive has stalled. More than 20 months after its eastern neighbour launched the full-scale invasion, the possibility of a battlefield stalemate is highly sensitive in Kyiv. Ukraine has repeatedly voiced opposition against any negotiations ...

This briefing will give a brief overview of the EU-Russia sanctions framework, before discussing existing EU tools for protecting its financial interests, access to beneficial ownership data and EU initiatives to ensure sanctions enforcement. It serves as background information for the CONT Committee workshop of 6 November 2023 on ‘Preventing EU funds from reaching sanctioned individuals or entities’.

On 13 September 2023, Kim Jong-un, leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea), met with President Putin at the Vostochny Cosmodrome (spaceport) in the Amur region in Russia's far east. Although very little is known about what they discussed, many observers assume that one of the topics involved hammering out the details of a deal whereby North Korea would help Russia replenish its stocks of artillery shells and send a considerable number of workers to staff Russian ...

Outraged by Russia's illegal and unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the European Union swiftly adopted unprecedentedly tough sanctions, in close cooperation with partners including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Japan. The rapid succession of 11 packages of EU sanctions adopted since then, in what has already been labelled a 'sanctions revolution', have resulted in an unparalleled set of measures targeting key sectors of the Russian economy and ...

Ukraine has made progress in recapturing its territory seized by Russia, 18 months after Moscow started its unprovoked war against its neighbour, as part of the counter-offensive launched in June. Ukrainian analysts say the drive to capture a succession of villages is paying off. Russia has dismissed the offensive as a failure, while admitting that things are not easy in parts of south-eastern Zaporizhzhia region. Russia has unleashed a barrage of drone strikes on various targets, including the port ...

On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation carried out a further military invasion of Ukraine, violating the UN Charter. The ongoing international armed conflict in Ukraine raises concerns about harm and impact caused to the civilian population, and the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure which are affected by both kinetic and cyberattacks. This report analyses the magnitude of the cyber dimension of the war in Ukraine, its impact, and the lessons learned with the aim to increase ...

The briefings offer an overview of EU’s trade and investment relations before the start of the full-scale Russian invasion and a data-supported analysis of recent trade developments. They address the trade patterns of Ukraine and Russia, the economic structure of the two countries, and the EU’s dependencies on Russia as well as the EU's alternatives for Russian imports, focusing on the energy sector and critical raw materials. The final briefing provides an overview of the sanctions imposed by the ...

The environmental impact of Russia's war on Ukraine has been rapidly growing with every month of full-fledged invasion. The destruction of the Kakhovka Dam further increased the harm inflicted on nature, while bringing international attention to the environmental dimension of the war. Together with its international partners, Ukraine is now looking into the legal options to hold Russia accountable for the environmental damage it has caused, which many refer to as 'ecocide'. However, the potential ...

As Ukraine continues its counter-offensive against the Russian invaders, the NATO summit in Vilnius vowed unwavering support for the country, and took decisions to simplify its path towards membership of the Western military alliance. NATO leaders said they would be able to invite Ukraine to join the Alliance once the country meets certain conditions. They declared continued support for Ukraine’s deterrence and defence in the short, medium, and long term, as well as for turning the Comprehensive ...