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Gross domestic product (GDP), a measure of national economic production, has come to be used as a general measure of well-being and progress in society, and as a key indicator in deciding a wide range of public policies. However GDP does not take into account non-economic factors such as social issues and the environment. In the aftermath of the crisis, the EU needs reliable, transparent and convincing measures for evaluating progress.

President Hugo Chávez won his fourth presidential election, with 55.1% of the vote, almost 11% more than his main rival, Henrique Capriles, the candidate of a united opposition. Voter turnout was very high and voting took place in a calm atmosphere, with no irregularities reported. President Chávez was supported by a broad alliance led by his own United Socialist Party of Venezuela. He campaigned on a platform to reinforce social and economic change. Henrique Capriles was backed by an alliance integrating ...

After 18 years of negotiations, Russia is in the process of joining the WTO and is seeking membership of the OECD. On 1 July 2012 it will take over the chairmanship of the G20 for a year. Russian policies, institutional developments and government and corporate conduct will continue to be influenced mainly by domestic events. Of all external influences, the world oil price will remain the most significant. There is unlikely to be much change in Russian foreign policy. Russia has made the Customs ...

Development Education and Awareness Raising (DEAR) aims to generate critical understanding of development cooperation policies and efforts, and active involvement of the public in them.

Social change and transformation in the GCC countries is only possible with the active internal involvement of citizens in political and social dialogue, leading to a coordinated and gradual “change from within”. However, having been led by autocratic rulers for centuries, the region’s citizens lack the resources and understanding of political mobilisation and responsibility. An educational system that delivers real outcomes can broaden the economic and social opportunities of its citizens, empowering ...

W niniejszym opracowaniu zbadano zakres trudności finansowych oraz inne bariery hamujące udział studentów europejskich w programie Erasmus. Zebrane dowody wskazują, że główne utrudnienia znacznie się różnią w zależności od kraju, z wyjątkiem kwestii finansowych, które wszędzie stanowią poważny problem dla studentów. Udział w programie Erasmus wiąże się z uwarunkowaniami społeczno-ekonomicznymi studentów, na które wpływają głównie indywidualne upodobania oraz względy związane ze stosunkiem kosztów ...

Syria is an important partner for the EU in the region and it plays a key role in the stabilisation process in the Middle East. The EU has reiterated on several occasions its support Syria’s needed reforms, including to move towards a social market model. Yet, Syria is a special case in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) for the Southern Mediterranean. The signature of the Association Agreement – a prerequisite for fully-fledged ENP status - is still pending, with newer doubts from the Syrian ...

Lebanon currently faces a dual challenge. On the one hand it must ensure a stable governance to allow durable recovery of the country. On the other hand, it should push through urgent comprehensive political and economic reforms. Achieving these results inside the country, would also help the overall stability of the region. Conversely, the internal stability depends heavily on the Middle East Peace Process and the situation in the region. A prerequisite for Lebanon to take up its challenges is linked ...

Morocco’s engagement with the EU through the Euro Mediterranean Partnership and the ENP together with the award in October 2008 of ‘Advanced Status’ in its relationship with the Union, underlines the external dimension and reference point for Morocco’s reforms. The EU and its member states have been key partners for Morocco on its way towards economic, social and political reforms through the provision of substantial economic and political support. Specific objectives are laid down in an EU-Morocco ...