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The approach taken by the jurisprudence of the Polish courts, especially the Constitutional Tribunal, concerning the principle of the primacy of the EU law in relation to the Polish law and in particular to the Polish Constitution has changed substantially since Polish accession to the EU. The in-depth analysis evaluates three distinct periods in the jurisprudence of Polish Constitutional Tribunal. This study is commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and ...

This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee. It analyses the consequences of the judgment of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal for the legal relationship between Poland and the EU, compares it to the case law of other Member States’ highest courts and makes policy recommendations on how to deal with the judgment.

The study analyses the repercussions of the judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court of 5 May 2020. It puts the decision into context, makes a normative assessment, analyses possible consequences and makes some policy recommendations.

This study is part of a wider project investigating, from a comparative law perspective, the role of constitutional courts of different states. Following a brief historical introduction to the jurisdiction of the state in question, the various reports examine the composition, internal organization, functioning, jurisdiction of the various highest courts, as well as the right of access to its courtroom, its procedural rules, and the effects and the execution of its judgments. The present study examines ...

This report looks at the Supreme Court of the United States, how it is organized and functions, the mechanisms by which cases reach the Court and how it treats treaties that have not been ratified by the United States government. The United States is a federated country. As such it has national governmental structures, which are outlined in its constitution, and state structures, which are outlined in the individual constitutions of each state. The United States Constitution is the second such document ...

The Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVerfG) has now published its December 2015 ruling in favour of a claimant who had lodged a constitutional complaint against the decision to allow his surrender to Italy on the basis of a European arrest warrant issued by the Italian authorities. In its ruling, the German Constitutional Court appears to be departing from its previous 'Solange' case law on the examination of EU acts against fundamental rights enshrined in the Basic Law (Grundgesetz).

Parliamentary Immunity in Italy

Análise aprofundada 01-10-2015

This in-depth analysis was commissioned by the policy department on citizens' rights and constitutional affairs at the request of the JURI committee. It proposes to view the legal basis and practical developments of parliamentary privilege in Italy, providing an insight into the peculiarities of the country’s experience, with reference also to recent cases.

The founding fathers drafting the US Constitution designed the government so that each branch had a check on the others, in order that no single branch would have absolute power. The Supreme Court's main method of controlling the power of the legislative branch is judicial review. Under this principle, it has the power to examine laws and declare them unconstitutional. While the US Constitution holds that democracy is the appropriate process for change, the Court has now ruled, in Obergefell v. Hodges ...

Following the local and presidential elections of 2014, the ruling party (AKP) is increasing its influence over the political landscape and fostering its agenda of a more presidential regime. In this context, the outcome of the 7 June general election will be crucial.

In response to the financial crisis in the EU, a permanent crisis mechanism – the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) – was adopted by the euro area Member States. A number of cases, lodged with the German Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG), aimed at blocking Germany's participation. The BVerfG has established four requirements for German participation in rescue packages and fiscal stability mechanisms: observance of the Bundestag's budgetary autonomy, prior consent of the Bundestag to participation ...