Managing public and private investments in COVID vaccines

COVID-19 pandemic posed a twofold challenge to governments and the pharmaceu-tical sector: developing new vaccines and producing billions of doses in a very short timespan. The study requested by COVI committee maps the funds contributed for R&D and the expansion of production capacity of vaccines. Advance Purchase Agreements were key to de-risk the production of vaccines in the EU; however, direct EU and MS support for R&D was marginal compared to that provided by the US federal government.