President. The next item is Question Time (B6-0316/2007).
The following questions are addressed to the Commission.
Part one
President. Question No 32 by Richard Corbett (H-0607/07)
Subject: Respecting the specificity of sport
Does the Commission agree that UEFA’s ‘home-grown players’ initiative will encourage sporting solidarity and safeguard European football? What steps does the Commission plan to take in order to respect the specificity of sport when framing legislative proposals and in interpreting existing EU law?
Ján Figeľ, Member of the Commission. Madam President, I am happy to contribute by answering on the issue of the specificity of sport. It would be very timely to discuss this even in more depth not now, but later on because on 11 July this year the Commission adopted a White Paper on sport. This was a very important contribution, which stressed the importance of promoting the training of young, talented sportsmen and sportswomen in proper conditions, which is crucial for the sustainable development of sport at all levels. This was an institutional and very political contribution to the question and to cooperation on this matter.
I quote from the paper: ‘Rules requiring that teams include a certain quota of locally trained players could be accepted as being compatible with the Treaty provisions on free movement of persons if they do not lead to any direct discrimination based on nationality and if possible indirect discrimination effects resulting from them can be justified as being proportionate to a legitimate objective pursued, such as to enhance and protect the training and development of talented young players.’ I think this is a very important clarification of how to understand this issue.
The Commission is currently in the process of evaluating the compatibility of UEFA’s measures on home-grown players with Community law, with a view to striking the right balance between the need to comply, on the one side, with Community law and the autonomy of sports organisations, and with the interests of European football on the other.
This is done in the light of the declaration annexed to the Amsterdam Treaty, the so-called Nice Declaration of the European Council in 2000, and the White Paper on Sport, which specifically mentions, as action number 9 in the Pierre de Coubertin Action Plan, ‘to complete the analysis of rules requiring that teams include a certain quota of locally training players’. This comprehensive comparative information on football academies in Member States and on home-grown players is not available at present.
In 2006, the Commission launched a study on sport academies in Member States, including the issue of home-grown players. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable input for its analysis.
Concerning the second part of the question – because it consists of two sentences on the specificity of sport – Chapter 4 of this White Paper develops the concept of specificity of sport within the limits of existing EU competences. As described in more detail in our Staff Working Document in the annexes, decisions taken by the European Court of Justice and the Commission show that the specificity of sport has been recognised and taken into account in the past. The Commission shares the view that certain values and traditions of European sport should be promoted and will continue to recognise the specificities of this sector, while respecting EU law. However, a case-by-case approach remains the basis for the Commission’s control of the application of EU law, and in particular competition and internal market rules. This is in line with the current Treaty provisions.
In order to provide legal clarity for all stakeholders and to contribute to the improvement of governance in European sport, the above-mentioned Staff Working Document and its two annexes explain in depth this issue of specificity. It concerns sport and EU competition rules and sport and internal market freedoms, and takes stock for the first time of European Court of Justice case-law and Commission decisions in the area of sport.
I want to underline that, for the first time, the specificity of sport is set out in our policy document much more than it has been at any time in the recent past in the EU context. That is one of the most important contributions – not only to this answer, but also to the promotion of sport in the European Union.
Richard Corbett (PSE). – UEFA’s rules requiring clubs to have a certain proportion of players that are locally trained and home grown is designed to make sure that clubs do not rely only on their financial muscle in the transfer market, but have to invest locally in their communities in training. It is a vital scheme. Yet the Commission, on this point in its White Paper, has not come off the fence in saying that it is a scheme that is acceptable under the Treaty and now, Commissioner, you say it could be, if... – and you are still investigating. May I ask the Commission, why is it taking so long? When will the Commission be in a position to endorse this welcome scheme?
Ján Figeľ, Member of the Commission. I would love to give more of an answer, but there is already a kind of step forward if we recall our debates a year ago, or at least from the perspective of Parliament. I think that the answer I quoted, which is part of the communication, of this policy paper, is an important assurance that we want to support the specificity of sport, particularly of football, in terms of the protection and promotion of young people and the training of, and investment in, young people.
The study has not been completed, because we do not have all the data we would like to have. I hope that with the complementary questionnaire we are now working on we will get the remaining figures. It is very important that partners from Member States’ associations, federations, clubs and leagues, work with us. Hopefully in a foreseeable time – I would like it to be early next year – we will be able to give a definitive answer. In two weeks’ time we will meet with all stakeholders from the world of sport in Brussels to debate the content and implementation of the White Paper. I believe that this part will be very crucial for concrete action and the promotion of the values of sport.
On behalf of the Commission, I can tell you that we remain committed to these issues, and all the sensitivities must be dealt with duly. Before we take any decision – not only in this area, which is quite specific – we have to carry out a thorough analysis and then take real decisions.
Reinhard Rack (PPE-DE). – Herr Kommissar, ohne der Kommission oder dem Gerichtshof nahe treten zu wollen, habe ich das Gefühl, dass weder unsere Richter noch unsere Kommissare und die weiblichen Mitglieder der Kommission sehr häufig am Fußballplatz sind. Wenn sie häufiger dort wären, würden sie feststellen, dass wir zurzeit eine Europacup-Saison beginnen, in der wir Teams gegeneinander spielen lassen, bei denen häufig überhaupt nur noch ein Mitglied jeweils dem nationalen Kader angehört. Wir hatten so gesehen die Nachwuchspflege total vernachlässigt, und wir geben dem Ganzen eine ausschließlich wirtschaftliche Dimension.
Fußball ist mehr als Binnenmarkt, und Fußball ist eben nicht nur Wettbewerb im rechtlichen Sinne, sondern Fußball ist sportlicher Wettbewerb der nationalen, regionalen und lokalen Teams. Da muss rascher etwas geschehen. Kann die Kommission versprechen, dass außer Studien wirklich etwas passiert?
Ján Figeľ, Member of the Commission. I am sure that something really will be done. I use football as a great example, because in a way Europe is the best in the world in football. I think we can be the best in many other areas like, for example, higher education, which is usually not seen as the best of Europe. No, what Europe needs is not only to refer to its successes or to refer to the importance of football or sport for its historical developments and current achievements, but also for the future. A balanced approach to sport activities is one of the answers, which means it is not about money in the first place, but about the rules and values that govern the world and money to support healthy investment.
I know about the imbalances, the problems and doubts about the credibility of competitions and about corruption, and too much money deciding who is really a strong partner or strong competitor.
Since 1999, with the Helsinki Report – you remember, maybe, even better – and then the Nice Declaration, there has been, I think, a new momentum. The Commission had never come forward with a policy paper. If we come forward, not just with a paper in hand, but to offer actions – and there are 53 actions offered under the name of the Pierre de Coubertin Action Plan – then we can do a lot. If we stay credible in implementation, I think we can prepare also the first Treaty article on sport, because we do not have a legal base now, and that is why we cannot define some of the actions, and that is why we have to decide case by case, on individual problems.
There are many collateral issues in this answer, so more credibility means cooperation of EU institutions, national legislators, but also governing bodies in areas of sport. They set the rules, they govern and they have to be also credible in governing individual disciplines or games or competitions.
I would say a sports forum, which we will organise under the Portuguese Presidency, could be one of the answers for permanent or regular transparent and credible dialogue on all problems and possible solutions, whether on a small scale, in Europe or in broader international cooperation.
Μανώλης Μαυρομμάτης (PPE-DE). – Κυρία Πρόεδρε, κύριε Επίτροπε, με επιστολή του στους αρχηγούς των 27 κρατών μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης, ο πρόεδρος της ΟΥΕΦΑ, Μισέλ Πλαττινί, ζητεί την παρέμβασή τους απέναντι στον πλουτισμό και τις δαπάνες των ποδοσφαιρικών συλλόγων για την αγορά παικτών και άλλων, που καθιστά το ποδόσφαιρο εμπόριο και όχι αθλητικό αγώνισμα αξιών.
Σε δηλώσεις του όμως, πριν από την επιστολή αυτή, ο πρόεδρος της ΟΥΕΦΑ ζητούσε να μην παρεμβαίνουν οι πολιτικοί στο ποδόσφαιρο και καλό θα ήταν η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και το Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο να περιορισθούν στον πολιτικό τους ρόλο και να μείνουν μακριά από τον αθλητισμό.
Συμφωνείτε με αυτές τις θέσεις του προέδρου της ΟΥΕΦΑ και σε ποιό βαθμό; Η Λευκή Βίβλος για τον αθλητισμό θα αποτελέσει μια καλή αφορμή να διευκρινισθούν οι όποιες εκκρεμότητες;
Ján Figeľ, Member of the Commission. Thank you for your concern and for the message indirectly from the President of UEFA, Michel Platini; we met repeatedly, and I even have a description of the ‘home-grown player’ proposal.
Now, we urge more common action, including the possible inclusion of sport in the Reform Treaty – it is in the mandate and in the draft. We are not asking for power; in the White Paper we are asking for cooperation, for very concrete actions, which range throughout many areas – education, training, social inclusion, public health – but also, on the other hand, repressing phenomena such as violence, racism, corruption in sport or individual organisations or events. We cannot just wait for the next Treaty, or even take any consensus reached today for granted in the future. We should act today for a better future, whether in football or in other areas.
I think that the European Parliament, the Commission and the Council can address many of the problems, and, as I said, together we can do a lot. It does not mean that we have to intervene at EU level. For example, if we agree in October at ministerial level on the content of an amendment or improvement to our code on anti-doping convention or rules within the World Anti-Doping Agency, then this is the action against doping. I recall Mr Mavrommatis and many colleagues who claimed urgent action from the Union when I became Commissioner in 2004 against doping, which was the problem of the Olympic Games.
Doping is a very visible, damaging and influential cancer or phenomenon in sport. There we can do a lot, but we have to act, not only discuss, and that is our approach now.
President. Question No 33 by Chris Davies (H-0618/07)
Subject: Biofuels
When does the Commission expect to adopt proposals for certification of crops intended for the production of biofuels, or of biofuels themselves, with a view to ensuring that EU demand for such products does not increase the rate of destruction of tropical forests?
Andris Piebalgs, Member of the Commission. The Commission is currently finalising the directive on the promotion of renewable energy, and I am targeting adoption of this directive by the end of this year. And one of the very important issues in this directive will be addressing sustainability of biofuels, the principles described and ways of guaranteeing that biofuels do not have a negative influence on the environment. For this reason, a particular scheme will definitely be proposed that could be used – and will be used – both for domestic grown biofuels and also for imported ones.
Chris Davies (ALDE). – Would the Commissioner agree that our record in controlling the import of timber from illegal sources is lamentable – simply dreadful? Given this experience and the potential for corruption and falsification of documents that exists, how can we have confidence that any certification of biofuel crops will be valid? Might we not end up making a bad problem worse?
Andris Piebalgs, Member of the Commission. First of all, I cannot confirm that there is a lot of illegal timber being brought into the European Union, but what I can clearly say is that, so far, there has been a very limited amount of biofuels coming into the European Union. We have not had any effect whatsoever in terms of negative consequences for rain forests. The certification schemes that are proposed will be implemented. I have no doubts whatsoever about that, because the general performance by customs within the European Union has been very positive.
Jörg Leichtfried (PSE). – Herr Kommissar! Das, was jetzt erwähnt wurde, ist ein Problem. Ein zweites Problem ist scheinbar, dass durch die vermehrte Verwendung von Biotreibstoffen Grundnahrungsmittelpreise gerade in den Ländern zu steigen beginnen, wo dies wirklich zu einem Problem werden kann, und dass viele Menschen, insbesondere in diesen Ländern, Probleme haben, ihre Grundnahrungsmittel weiterhin bezahlen zu können. Ist Ihnen dieses Problem bewusst? Wenn ja, wie denken Sie darüber und was wird da unternommen?
Andris Piebalgs, Mitglied der Kommission. Zurzeit ist der Hauptgrund für Lebensmittelpreiserhöhungen die wachsende Nachfrage, ganz besonders in China, Indien und auch in anderen Staaten. Das ist der Hauptgrund für die Preiserhöhungen. Meine Kollegin, die nach mir sprechen wird, wird erklären, welche Maßnahmen wir treffen müssen. Es ist klar: Wir müssen mehr produzieren, weil die Nachfrage auch gedeckt werden muss.
Was die Biotreibstoffe betrifft: Der Einfluss auf die Lebensmittelpreise ist zurzeit sehr marginal, weil der Verbrauch von Biotreibstoff global noch gering ist. Natürlich müssen wir damit rechnen, weil in den Vereinigten Staaten zurzeit sehr viel Mais für Biotreibstoffe produziert wird. Das kann auf einen bestimmten Bereich Einfluss haben, aber es gibt Möglichkeiten, den wachsenden Bedarf noch zu decken. Ich bin der Ansicht, dass wir auf Kommissionsebene eine Antwort auf die Weltmarktpreise finden müssen. Meine Kollegin hat schon Vorschläge dazu vorbereitet.
Γεώργιος Παπαστάμκος (PPE-DE). – Κυρία Πρόεδρε, κύριε Επίτροπε, υποστηρίζεται η άποψη ότι η καλλιέργεια και εμπορία βιοκαυσίμων μπορεί να απορροφήσει την πλεονασματική παραγωγή των αναπτυσσομένων κρατών με τη μετατροπή της σε βιοκαύσιμα για ίδια χρήση ή εξαγωγή.
Θεωρεί η Επιτροπή ότι ο τομέας των βιοκαυσίμων θα μπορούσε να ξεκλειδώσει τις διαπραγματεύσεις του Γύρου της Ντόχα στο πλαίσιο του Παγκοσμίου Οργανισμού Εμπορίου;
Andris Piebalgs, Member of the Commission. There are definitely some countries that are interested more in the international trade in biofuels particularly Brazil; that is true, but the Doha Round of negotiations is much broader than that. It is not only about biofuels, which is one small part of it, and we should definitely agree on a broad range of issues. I would say biofuels will have a very marginal influence on the outcome of the Doha Round.
President. Question No 34 by Brian Crowley (H-0630/07)
Subject: The state of play in the WTO talks
Can the European Commission make a comprehensive statement as to the present state of play with regard to the WTO process?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. It is a normal Nordic approach: rather short but straight to the point.
I can clearly say that the next two months will be crucial for the Doha Development Round. Negotiations have now re-started on the basis of the proposals that were submitted in July by the chairs of the respective negotiating groups on agriculture and on industrial products.
The chairs, in producing their negotiation proposal, have done an honest job. I think we can say that they have distributed the pain fairly. They put pressure on each of the key players on each issue of the so-called negotiation triangle – AMA, NAMA and domestic subsidies – which is most sensitive for the different players.
It is obvious as well that the text of the chairs is not cast in stone. The WTO membership had a chance to offer preliminary reactions to these texts before the summer break.
But now negotiations really have to get down to specifics. A further round of discussions on modalities kicked off at the very beginning of September, taking place in Geneva. The objective of the WTO Director-General, Pascal Lamy, and the chairs is to be in a position to issue a revised paper some time in October to serve as an ultimate basis for a final deal on modalities, to take place no later than this autumn. Whether this will be the case, whether there will be a final paper, depends entirely on the negotiating engagement of the different players.
The United States should now translate President Bush’s political commitment at the APEC Summit into concrete negotiating moves to try to clinch a deal. It is imperative for the United States to be seen to engage and to move on agricultural subsidies, not least in respect of its objective to ensure access to the developing countries’ agricultural markets.
Brazil, India and, by the same token, other emerging economies have to move in the right direction and deliver their side of the bargain, and that means cutting, to some extent, their actual tariffs on industrial products.
The reality of these talks is that the distance to the finishing line – if we talk in economic terms – is fairly short at this stage, certainly very short compared to the road that we have been travelling until now.
The value of remaining concessions that both developed and some developing countries need to bring into the final package is small compared to the systemic gain of doing the deal, especially as global economic conditions are becoming more and more uncertain.
But the clock is ticking. If there is no agreement on modalities in the autumn, an early conclusion of the DDA becomes very unlikely. The United States presidential campaign will pick up speed and the round might then be put into the deep freeze for years.
For the round to succeed now, all parties need to show flexibility and willingness to reach a compromise. The European Union will continue to reach out to the various constituencies of the WTO membership and their key members to ensure their constructive engagement.
Brian Crowley (UEN). – I want to thank the Commissioner for her response. I would have liked it if Commissioner Mandelson was here as well, because I know he had a meeting in America last week, where he was disappointed with the response.
But, very briefly, you spoke about the developing countries and you mentioned, as part of that, Brazil and India. From an industrial point of view and from an export point of view, they cannot be classed as developing countries. Yet at the same time, from a cultural point of view, they are classed as developing countries with regard to the benefits that they will get.
Should Europe give more in the agricultural field, in particular when you see that the US Farm Bill, which has now come into being, is taking more subsidies out of the package that was originally negotiated, and Europe seems to be giving all of the leeway, whereas America is not taking any of the pain? Is that a correct way to continue?
And, finally, if autumn is the deadline, the end of October is autumn. Winter starts on 1 November. So do you see a time frame there for that to be successful?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. In defining when winter starts, in my calendar it is December, but so be it. First of all, it is obvious that, when we look at the direction that the US Farm Bill is taking, it is not very productive in terms of supporting an agreement within the Doha Round, but we cannot prejudge the decisions in the Senate at the end of the day.
I am not going into a discussion on whether Brazil is a developed or developing country when we talk about the mix of agriculture and industrial products, but it is obvious that, in the agricultural sector – and in biofuels, which were discussed just a few minutes ago – Brazil is a very competitive country. Biofuels produced from sugar cane are very competitive in the global market.
Marian Harkin (ALDE). – Thank you, Commissioner, for your reply. You said that it is very important that the US make an offer. It has been strongly suggested in recent days that the US has in fact made a very significant and very interesting offer on domestic market supports. I would just like to ask you if this is so, and, if it is, could you give us any information?
My second question is: would you not agree that, certainly up to now, we seem to be the ones that are making the concessions? Can you confirm that Commissioner Mandelson has offered 70% cuts in support to EU farmers, and, if this is so, do you support this position? Would you not agree that such cuts would devastate European agriculture and, in particular, the beef sector?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. First of all, when we looked at the negotiating papers from the two chairs, Mr Falconer, who is responsible for the agricultural sector, put a paper with some gaps between the figures. And when we look at domestic support, which is the most difficult issue for the Americans, it is obvious that they have now signalled that they will be able to operate within the gap or within the two figures mentioned in the Falconer paper.
The negotiations, or discussions, are ongoing, so it will be extremely difficult to say where the final game will end up. But I have to say, the difficult issue for the European Union is, as far as the agricultural sector is concerned, of course the tariffs. But even more important than the tariffs is the way that we treat our sensitive products. This is simply key and more important, actually, than the reduction of the tariffs in the different bands which we are operating.
So I can only encourage you to keep a close eye on the way to treat sensitive products as this will be key in the final game.
Jörg Leichtfried (PSE). – Ich verstehe schon, dass man bei diesen Verhandlungen über Quotenpreise etc. verhandeln muss. Was mir aber immer abgeht ist das Verhandeln oder Verbreiten dessen, was Europa ausmacht, das Verbreiten unseres Lebensmodells. Frau Kommissarin, für mich stellt sich die Frage, ob Sie in diese Verhandlungen gehen und sagen: Wir wollen keine Produkte, die von Kindern hergestellt werden! Wir wollen keine Produkte, die von Zwangsarbeitern oder in sklavenähnlichen Arbeitsverhältnissen hergestellt werden! Wir wollen keine Produkte, die nicht unter Einhaltung von Kernarbeitsnormen hergestellt werden! Ist das Thema, und machen Sie das zum Thema?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. We have actually tried to introduce a discussion on what we normally call the non-trade concerns, but it has been very difficult to relaunch this discussion with some of the other operators. I am quite sure that the issue on the products for which we ask for a certain level of taking care of the livelihood of employees and the health of the employees – of course, I think personally that there is a commitment to the companies that import goods from those countries. You can talk about towels from India with the type of colouring that they are using in specific locations. So I think if we are pulling in the same direction – all of us – I hope that we can find a decent solution.
Part two
President. Question No 35 by Georgios Papastamkos (H-0594/07)
Subject: Doha Round negotiations on agriculture
What is the Commission’s assessment of the progress of the Doha Round agriculture negotiations and the ‘offers’ by the EU’s negotiating partners?
Is it true that it is minded to make a larger offer – in comparison to the October 2005 offer – on behalf of the EU in the agriculture sector, primarily with regard to access to the market? At all events, has it carried out a study on the impact on the European agriculture sector?
In the event of failure of the WTO negotiations, what are the Commission’s priorities at bipartite and (inter)regional level in the area of trade in agricultural products?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. The Commission is still of the opinion that there is a window of opportunity for a positive outcome of the Doha negotiations in the very close future, as I mentioned in my previous answer.
I can only say again that, unless a breakthrough is achieved before the end of the year, I find it very difficult to see a possibility of finalising the negotiations, because of the upcoming presidential elections in the United States.
However, current offers made by some of our negotiating partners are still falling short of what could be required to obtain a balanced outcome to the negotiations.
Regarding the scope of a final EU offer, the ongoing common agricultural policy reform constitutes clearly the limits of the Commission’s negotiating mandate, and this means that we cannot accept a deal that means that we have to reform our common agricultural policy again. It is clearly in accordance with the mandate given by the Council, and the negotiation limits that we have will also be, of course, the equivalent concessions from our WTO partners in agriculture and elsewhere, resulting in improving market opportunities for our exporters.
It is important that when we talk about the reduction of tariffs we sometimes fear that our agricultural sector will come under immense pressure from imported commodities. We have to remember that the coin has two sides, which means that a reduction of tariffs will also take place on the new emerging markets that could be and I am sure this will happen of huge interest for European producers to enter into, such as, for example China, and India. So we are still striving towards a positive outcome of the Doha Round. It is obvious that a multilateral solution is to be preferred, whereas a bilateral one could be supplementary to the multilateral discussions.
We are doing our very best at this stage, but it is crucial, if we find a solution, for it to be a balanced solution within the three pillars of agriculture but also between agriculture, industrial products and services.
Γεώργιος Παπαστάμκος (PPE-DE). – Ευχαριστώ κυρία Επίτροπε για την απάντησή σας. Έχω την αίσθηση ότι μιλάτε περισσότερο ως Επίτροπος Διεθνούς Εμπορίου και λιγότερο ως Επίτροπος Γεωργίας.
Συμμερίζεται την άποψή σας ότι δεν θα θιγεί η αναθεώρηση της ΚΑΠ και ο αρμόδιος Επίτροπος Διεθνούς Εμπορίου, κύριος Mandelson; Συμμερίζεται την άποψη ότι η αποδοχή των όρων ('modalities') του Ιουλίου του 2007, τα οποία βαίνουν πέραν της προσφοράς της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης του Οκτωβρίου του 2005, δεν ξεπερνά τη διαπραγματευτική εντολή του Συμβουλίου Υπουργών του 2005 και ότι, συνεπώς, πριν προβείτε σε οποιαδήποτε δέσμευση έναντι των εμπορικών μας εταίρων, θα πρέπει να ζητήσετε ανανεωμένη εντολή εκ μέρους του Συμβουλίου;
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. When the CAP reform was agreed among the Ministers in the Council in 2003, it was the mandate that was given to the trade and agricultural commissioners. Within this mandate we could negotiate. What we are now presenting – or what we will be presenting on 20 November – is the health check of the agricultural policy, and this is not a new reform. It is not a new reform and therefore it is not my perception that, whether or not we get a Doha deal, it will have influence on what we are suggesting as the health check of the common agricultural policy. So it will not be influencing or moving the mandate that we have already got.
Reinhard Rack (PPE-DE). – Frau Kommissarin, Gentechnik in agrarisch produzierten Lebensmitteln macht sehr viele Menschen in Europa nachdenklich, besorgt, ängstlich. Spielt dieses Thema auch wieder oder noch im Rahmen der Doha-Runde eine größere Rolle?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. It is obvious that what we have experienced throughout the last few months in terms of the price increases in Europe, especially as reported in the newspapers in Germany throughout the summer break, has of course raised many questions. These are quite new questions on agricultural policy in Europe, where we were previously fighting against overproduction, intervention stocks, and we are now in a much more balanced market, thanks, I think, to the decoupling of the direct payment to farmers, which allows farmers to react to the market instead of calculating the best outcome on the cheque from Brussels.
It is clear that in the Doha Round the préférence communautaire or the security of food supply is not in itself an issue. It is, of course, crucial to everybody round the world to be sure that they can feed their own people, but it is not exclusively a chapter in our negotiations.
Jim Allister (NI). – In addition to expressing unease about yet further concessions damaging to our agricultural interests, can I ask you what focus there has been in the negotiations on raising beef production standards amongst those who seek greater access to our market, so that we might end the prejudicial impact on our own producers of permitting food imports where traceability and quality fall far below the standards that we expect of our own producers?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. I think I have heard this before. I might be wrong, but it reminds me of some question raised by the Irish Minister and some Irish MEPs on the import from Brazil, traceability, and the opinion of the Irish farmers on lack of traceability. It is obvious that we are following this case closely, and I know that my colleague, Commissioner Kyprianou, will be meeting the committee in Parliament.
We want to ensure fair trade, which means that importers or exporters into the European Union have to meet the same quality standards as our own producers.
I will be visiting Brazil next month to see if they can show me what I want to see: that is, how things work in Brazil concerning the possibility of tracing back the products that are taken into the European Union.
President. Question No 36 is inadmissible as its author is no longer a Member.
Question No 37 by Ioannis Gklavakis (H-0636/07)
Subject: Amendment of the CMO in wine
On 4 July 2007 the Commission unveiled a proposal for a Council regulation on the common organisation of the market in wine (COM(2007)0372). Funds for the 'national envelopes' are allocated according to a key which is based to 50% on the historical input of Member States, 25% on area and 25% on production. Moreover, adjustments have been made in favour of certain Member States.
Will the Commission say which criteria were used in the selection of the specific allocation key and why the funds are not allocated on the basis of the historical payments of Member States over a representative reference period, as occurred in the case of all those CMOs which have so far been amended? Furthermore, given that the overall amount of resources is limited, how was it decided to adjust input for the benefit of some Member States, which necessarily results in a corresponding decrease for the others?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. In order to propose a fair share between Member States of the overall amount that will be allocated to the national envelope, and of the amount transferred into our rural development policy, we have actually been using three different criteria: areas under wine on the basis of all the available historical data that we have; secondly, the production in terms of volume on the basis of historical averages; and, thirdly, expenditure, on the basis of an historical average, except for Bulgaria and Romania where the budgetary requirements calculated within the framework of adhesion were used, as those were the only reliable figures that we could use. The weighting between these three different areas is 25% on area, 25% on production and 50% on the budget for the envelopes and the transfer into the rural development policy. 50% for area and 50% for production for that part of the envelope which is specifically related to promotion in third countries, which I consider to be a new and very important forward-looking policy for the wine sector. When we had this discussion on the redistribution between Member States’ envelopes, we made a positive correction for three Member States so as to limit their reduction in view of the important divergence for these Member States between their share in historical expenditure and their share in the two other criteria. This correction was not made to the detriment of the amounts allocated to other Member States, meaning that we did not cut other amounts to find money for these three Member States, so we simply increased the total budget. This makes it possible to share Community support equitably by taking into account, on the one hand, the respective reductive capacity of each Member State and, on the other hand, effective implementation of the new measures proposed within the framework of the reform.
Ιωάννης Γκλαβάκης (PPE-DE). – Κυρία Πρόεδρε, κυρία Επίτροπε, τη στιγμή που η Επιτροπή πιστεύει ότι, στα πλαίσια του δικαίου, πρέπει να προβεί σε διαρθρωτικές κινήσεις για μερικά κράτη μέλη, εξετάζει το ενδεχόμενο να αντιδράσει με αντίστοιχο τρόπο για τους έλληνες αμπελοκαλλιεργητές που επλήγησαν πρόσφατα από τις εξαιρετικά καταστροφικές πυρκαγιές, με συνέπεια να μειωθεί σημαντικά για τα επόμενα χρόνια το εισόδημά τους αλλά και για τις τεράστιες εκτάσεις – χιλιάδες εκτάρια με αμπέλια – που έχουν καεί, γεγονός εξ ου συνάγεται ότι έχει υποστεί ζημιά και το ίδιο το φυτικό κεφάλαιο;
Σ’ αυτή την περίπτωση, προτίθεται η Επιτροπή να δείξει αλληλεγγύη και να βοηθήσει αυτούς τους ανθρώπους;
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. First of all, I think that everybody who watched the devastating forest fires in Greece on the television wondered what would happen afterwards with the damaged areas. I have had the possibility to discuss it with Greek Members of Parliament, with the Minister, with the Ministry, with the Minister for Economics from Greece as well, while travelling round to find solutions.
And there are different solutions, and that will be for my next question. I can only say we cannot solve the problems of the forest fire within the CMO for wine. That is excluded. And I can tell you, if we re-open the distribution of money between the envelopes and Member States, it will be like opening Pandora’s box, and I have no more money available than the present budget of approximately EUR 1.3 billion every year for the wine sector.
We have to find solutions to the consequences of the fires within rural development policy, within the regional funding, and I am quite sure that decent solutions will be found.
President. As they deal with the same subject, the following questions will be taken together:
Question No 38 by Katerina Batzeli (H-0655/07)
Subject: Payment of CAP support for areas hit by fires
The recent fires in Greece had a disastrous impact on farming, particularly in the olive oil, fruit and vegetable and wine sectors, with serious consequences for the environment and the development of these regions, posing a major threat to the continuation of farming activity.
How must the application of cross-compliance be redefined so as to ensure the legitimate payment of uniform decoupled aid to farmers affected?
How will the implementation of the new COM for wine be ensured in areas hit by fires, in particular as regards the Commission's proposals for granting direct aid to wine-growers who use practices that respect the environment?
What additional provisions and clarifications are required in the new regime for raisins so that immediate crisis-management measures can be implemented? Is it possible to increase the resources for operational funds in order to finance such measures in the event of emergencies?
Is it feasible to create a specific national programme to support farmers with funding from the COMs for fruit and vegetables and for wine?
Question No 39 by Georgios Karatzaferis (H-0661/07)
Subject: Funding of non-governmental organisations and bodies for immediate reafforestation in Greece
Greece recently suffered the greatest environmental disaster in its history. However, many Greek environmental bodies and monasteries located on burned land possess the know-how and the scientists necessary to organise the rapid reafforestation of these areas by extensive planting operations.
How can the Commission provide funding directly to non-governmental organisations, monasteries, environmental bodies etc. (i.e. outside the framework of the third CSF) so that they can immediately restore the environment in Greece's forests which have been destroyed by fire?
Which Community initiatives could be used for this purpose?
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. First of all, I can again only express my sympathy with all the people that have been hit by the consequences of the fires.
I think it is important to say that the single farm payment the direct payment to the farmers is not at risk. The possible destruction of the crops, of animals or of buildings, has no consequence on the decoupled payment since there is no obligation to produce.
As regards cross compliance, one important rule is that the reduction of direct CAP payments under cross compliance can only be decided as a result of actions or omissions directly attributed to the farmer. Therefore, forest fires like the ones we saw in Greece this summer would not result in the reduction of payments.
As far as wine is concerned, in the event of partial destruction, vineyards could be eligible within the restructuring scheme, under the current Regulation, and within the national envelopes that will be foreseen for the new CMO.
The reformed CMO for fruit and vegetables foresees new crisis prevention and management tools. However, this new regulation will only be in place from 2008, and there is no retroactive clause.
As for the last question, the financial rules do not allow the Commission to transfer possible savings from the market organisation budget to specific national programmes to support Greek farmers.
Concerning the specific question on non-governmental organisations, monasteries or environmental bodies, the Commission does not have the possibility to directly support these for the purpose of environmental restoration activities. European Union assistance is only possible through specifically designed programmes and interventions which are drawn up by Member States following the principle of subsidiarity and submitted to the Commission for co-financing.
I want just to mention some specific possibilities in our rural development policy which could be used to help as well. I referred to these in my previous reply. The first option concerns the programme 2000-2006, and can involve modification of the programme complements of national operational programmes and the regional operational programmes in order to reconstruct agricultural potential after national disaster measures. This can, for example, mean that a farmer can get money for buying cattle, fruit and olive trees or to restore buildings that have been destroyed.
However, I have to repeat very strongly that it is not possible, via rural development policy, to compensate farmers for lost income.
The second option is the new rural development programme 2007-2013, which includes measures for restoring agricultural production potential, as well as forestry potential, following natural disasters.
It must be noted that interventions through these two options would be limited to reforestation and reconstruction of production potential, and again cannot be used to compensate for loss of income.
I want to conclude with the possibilities that will be available within state aid schemes. A disaster like the forest fires in Greece would normally be considered exceptional occurrences, which actually allows Member States to grant support to compensate for material damage.
Nationally funded assistance to agriculture and forestry may be given following notification of a state aid scheme, and is subsequent to approval by the Commission.
I would also remind you that there is a much easier possibility, which is to use what we call de minimis state aid, which means that Member States can pay farmers, with the new changes that have taken place, EUR 6 000 and you can do that every three years. So, without asking anyone, you can actually pay direct to the farmer up to EUR 6 000 to help immediately, if necessary.
Σταύρος Αρναουτάκης (PSE), Αναπληρωτής συντάκτης. – Κυρία Επίτροπε, θα ήθελα να σας ρωτήσω αν έχετε λάβει συγκεκριμένο σχέδιο προγράμματος για την ανασυγκρότηση των πυρόπληκτων περιοχών.
Ποια θα είναι η διαδικασία έγκρισης ενός τέτοιου προγράμματος;
Mariann Fischer Boel, Member of the Commission. As I mentioned, you have two possibilities within the programmes. Within the rural development programme, it is possible to find support for reconstruction to buy, as I said, new olive trees and new wine stocks. Then you have the regional policy, which falls within the responsibility of my colleague Commissioner Hübner. I know that there is a direct link and very good contact where Commissioner Hübner has been nominated to hold the ropes. I am sure that lots of constructive discussions are ongoing.
President. Question No 40 by Marie Panayotopoulos-Cassiotou (H-0601/07)
Subject: Funding for research
Which sectors of research does the Commission consider are lagging behind in funding provision under the plans for the programming period 2007 - 2013? What criteria determine the priorities for funding? How does assessment of the usefulness and effectiveness of the research that was funded under the sixth research framework programme influence the selection of new research projects? What criteria determine the priorities for funding in each research sector?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. Madam President, it is good to be here again. I would like to thank the honourable Member for the question concerning the funding for research. Her question refers clearly in the first instance to research funded by the European Union and in my answer I shall deal with these aspects. However, the need for increased investment in research at national as well as European level, private even more than public, is central to achieving the Lisbon goals. At the same time we have to make sure that this money is well spent to ensure the maximum effect.
The question is essentially in four parts and I shall reply to each of them in turn. At the same time, we must bear in mind that it is still very early to draw definitive conclusions and lessons from the sixth and seventh framework programmes. But before turning to the four aspects of the honourable Member’s question, I should like to recall that European Union cohesion policy, especially the European Regional Development Fund and the European Social Fund, also makes an important contribution to the development of the European research area. The Commission estimates that cohesion policy support for research and innovation will more than triple in the programming period 2007-2013 compared to 2000-2006.
Turning to the first element of the question, what are the sectors of research that the Commission considers to be lagging behind in funding provisions under the plans 2007-2013? The Commission believes that it has a good balance between the more top-down thematic areas in the programme and other, more bottom-up activities in framework programmes, such as frontier research and fellowships. It would not be appropriate to single out specific areas in particular need of funding. The closer you look at our 10 thematic priorities, the clearer it is that we need more funding and more research in practically all of them. But, to give you an example, I could mention the research infrastructures of pan-European interest, for which the final budget in Framework Programme 7 is much less than the Commission had originally proposed. This is an important area where we have real added value in Europe. We are seeking to combine funding from many sources, especially from national and regional sources and the European Investment Bank. It is also evident, following the first call for proposals of the European Research Council, that we are faced with serious oversubscription. We have received many more excellent proposals for fundamental frontier research than we have money to fund.
Looking at thematically orientated research, we can clearly see the need to better support research areas such as energy and climate change. Here, Member States can help not only by increasing investment in research but also by exploring ways of combining research efforts rather than allowing them to remain fragmented. This is also one of the areas which we advocated in our Green Paper on the European Research Area.
Turning to the general criteria, the thematic priorities for funding are set out in the Cooperation Specific Programme. These research areas are the ones which will be supported through calls for proposals during the 2007-2013 period. Our proposal was made after an extensive consultation with stakeholders during 2004, including a web-based consultation on the cooperation themes as well as input from industrial stakeholders through the European Technology Platforms. It was also based on an extensive ex-ante impact assessment. Results from ex-post evaluation and monitoring exercises also form an important element in determining the priorities for research funding. This learning from past experience was indeed a key element in defining the priorities in the Framework Programme, as you suggest in the third part of your question to which now I turn.
You asked how assessment of the usefulness and effectiveness of the research that was funded under the sixth framework programme influenced the selection of new research projects. Here we have to distinguish two different ways of making that link. First, at the more detailed, operational level, we should note that the several thousand FP6 projects are monitored by the Commission services. These colleagues are in frequent contact with the research community and their up-to-date insight into the progress achieved within this project is an important element in preparing the Framework Programme 7 work programmes. But, in the second place, at a more global level, in 2008 the Commission will organise the ex-post evaluation of FP6. This assessment of the overall impact of the different research activities will be carried out by high-level experts. The results of this FP6 ex-post evaluation will be a major input in the forthcoming mid-term review of FP7 in the year 2010.
Finally, turning to the last part of the question, when considering the priorities for funding in each research sector, the topics to be funded are specified in the annual work programmes and the call for proposals. Each year, we undertake consultation with the right variety of stakeholders in drawing up the work programmes. We also call on the assistance of external advisory groups, key specialists in the area, who provide input on ensuring that the work programmes contain the most essential areas of research, taking into account ongoing projects that have been funded in previous calls for proposals. Once the individual proposals have been received in response to the calls, they are evaluated by expert peer reviews using a standard set of evaluation criteria. The proposals funded are those which receive the highest overall mark for the call or part of the call they address.
In conclusion, I believe that it is fair to say that for research funded through Community instruments we have a transparent system which allocates funding to the most relevant areas and also ensures it is then awarded to the best proposals.
Μαρία Παναγιωτοπούλου-Κασσιώτου (PPE-DE). – Ευχαριστώ για την αρκετά κατατοπιστική απάντηση. Ήθελα να ρωτήσω αν λαμβάνεται υπόψη η διεθνής πρόοδος στην έρευνα όταν αποφασίζονται οι διάφορες δράσεις, μια και ζούμε σε έναν παγκοσμιοποιημένο κόσμο και κατά πόσον οι νέοι της Ευρώπης χρηματοδοτούνται ιδιαίτερα για συμμετοχή στην έρευνα;
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. Of course there is no other way than to look at the global context. If you look in practice at what other major communities around the world are focusing their research on, then it is the same as ours. More than that, we do combine our efforts in many areas. One of the things we really strengthened in the seventh Framework Programme was precisely international cooperation. We are funding and supporting that, and will do so more in the future, because we believe that in the world of globalisation the challenges which lie ahead of us – be it food, health, drinking water, climate change, security or energy – are global and it is for us all to deal with them in the proper way.
Justas Vincas Paleckis (PSE). – Commissioner, you mentioned among the top priorities the thematic subjects energy and climate change. That is a correct priority, and the European Union needs a breakthrough. How does the Commission intend to organise cooperation between the best brains in the EU to work on this subject, and maybe – even more so – to promote cooperation between the best brains in the world? Because this question is a crucial one.
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. Yes, we are truly focusing on that. It was basically that philosophy – it is shared in the existing framework programme – but the truth is that we are now also focusing on the preparation of a strategic technology plan for Europe. It should be adopted by the Commission by the end of the year. In that, we are of course consulting practically everybody in this area in Europe.
So we have consulted all the technology platforms which already exist. We have had very open talks with them. They are, from bottom up, practically all included in our activities and we are trying to find a proper way of having this coordinated.
You properly said that it is also vital that we share in the best possible way, in an international way, on how to address these questions. But in that respect, there are two things: when you also try to address it from the private sector, you have to do it in a balanced way, before or between the cooperation and competitiveness, and that is exactly what we try to take into account.
Paul Rübig (PPE-DE). – Sehr geehrter Herr Kommissar! Der Rat hat die Mittel für die Forschung für das Jahr 2008 gekürzt. Wie bereiten Sie sich auf den health check, auf die mid-term review der Finanziellen Vorausschau vor? Glauben Sie, dass wir hier neue Initiativen und Vorschläge unterbreiten können, die die Wichtigkeit der Forschung auch im europäischen Haushalt widerspiegeln?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. I think it is more the principal question of how far this mid-term review should go. I think that is the question we have to answer. If the answer is that we have to address, because of the urgency, some of the issues that are inside the already agreed financial period, then I am sure that area of science and research would be one of the candidates that needed to be addressed.
President. Question No 41 by Esko Seppänen (H-0640/07)
Subject: ITER project
ITER is an ambitious project that undoubtedly smacks of scientific serendipity: we can find things without knowing how to look for them. There are also many non-EU countries involved. Have the partners to date handled their commitments, economic or otherwise, in the proper manner?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. The ITER project, as the honourable Member knows, is a project which is an international flagship of the world fusion energy research programme. Since its inception during summit discussions in the late 1980s, Europe has played a leading role in the successive preparatory stages for the project.
The Commission can be justly proud of the confidence shown by the ITER partners in according Europe the central role of the host party to the joint implementation of this project.
The JET facilities, designed and built through the joint action of Euratom and its members, provided an outstanding example of what can be achieved when leading fusion research organisations pool their expertise and resources. The ITER project extends this principle from the European to the global level of cooperation.
ITER technical objectives and design are based on the steady and scientifically rigorous prospect process of development, in fusion research worldwide which has witnessed dramatic increases in the performance of experimental fusion facilities over recent decades in an atmosphere of international scientific cooperation that has transcended political barriers.
Beyond JET, ITER extends the experimental side to the level where the scientific and technological feasibility of fusion energy can be demonstrated.
Since the signature of the ITER Agreement in November 2006, the ITER partners have all handled properly the commitments that they accepted through the ITER negotiations.
At the political level, all the partners have pursued to completion their respective constitutional requirements for ratification or acceptance of the agreement, which is now accepted to enter officially into force within October this year.
In the mean time, the partners have properly honoured their undertakings to abide by the terms of the agreement to the fullest extent possible until it enters into force.
The staff of the international ITER team and the ITER site in Cadarache in France is building up with representatives of all partners now present.
The partners are providing their financial contributions to the budget of the ITER organisation and are pursuing conscientiously the necessary joint technical preparations for the technical and scientific contributions to which they have committed themselves.
In the European Union, a joint undertaking for ITER and the development of fusion energy was established by the Council Decision of 27 March 2007. Its role is to prepare and coordinate activities for the construction of the demonstration fusion reactor and related facilities.
To date, its supervisory body, the governing board, has met twice and adopted a first work programme and the administrative decisions necessary for the joint undertaking to be operational early 2008. In particular, the headquarters agreement with Spain has been signed. The governing board also appointed the director, the chief executive officer of the joint undertaking.
ITER is indeed an ambitious project. In bringing it to fruition we shall be pushing back the boundaries of our experience in the scientific, technological and organisational domains. It is the nature of experiments that the results cannot be forecast with certainty. But ITER is not an enterprise that we have entered into lightly or in the expectation of serendipity. ITER consists of long-term international partnerships and commitments, bringing together partners that represent over half of the world’s population to address issues central to our common future, the development of sustainable, non-polluting sources of energy at the service of humanity. The prospects for ITER rest on the strong scientific and technological foundations of the project and on the enthusiasm and commitment demonstrated to date by its partners – by all of them; or rather, by all of us. There was never such cooperation in the world as we have gathered in ITER.
Esko Seppänen (GUE/NGL). – Arvoisa komissaari, meillä on huonoja kokemuksia eräästä toisesta yhteistyöprojektista, Galileo-projektista, jossa Euroopan unioni joutui rahoittamaan sen toiminnan vastoin alkuperäisiä suunnitelmia, kun kaikki osapuolet eivät osallistuneet suunnitellulla tavalla toiminnan rahoittamiseen.
Onko komissaarin vastaus tulkittavissa niin, että meillä ei ole mahdollisesti ongelmia ITERistä tehtyjen sitoumusten täyttämisessä eli meillä ei tule ITERin suhteen samaa ongelmaa kuin oli Galileossa, jossa osapuolet eivät toteuttaneet vastuita, joihin ne olivat sitoutuneet?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. That is certainly correct. I can give a very short explanation. The commitments which are then done are done by governments. They are all public commitments. So, the commitments which were in Galileo from the public side were never really the question. Truly, the problem that arose in Galileo would not arise at all in ITER.
President. Question No 42 by Carl Schlyter (H-0643/07)
Subject: Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is a new branch of technology which offers many opportunities but also involves increasing risks. According to the Nano Dialogue Project, 48% of people in the EU want a moratorium on the use of nanotechnology in consumer products until its effects on humans and on the environment are known.
What legislation is in preparation for the sectors in which products containing nano-materials are used and are already on the market, such as cosmetics, skin care products, medicines, cleaning materials and other consumer products? Does the Commission envisage a sector-specific approach or horizontal legislation on nanotechnology in consumer products?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. First of all, I would like to thank you for the question concerning the area of nanotechnology. The Commission takes the question of safety and consumer protection very seriously and it is working to ensure that the public can benefit from the innovations that nanotechnologies may bring while being protected from any adverse impact.
Much effort is dedicated to addressing safety issues. Something like EUR 28 million from FP5 and FP6 has been dedicated to projects expressly focused on environmental and health aspects of nanotechnologies, and such research is planned to increase significantly in Framework Programme 7 too, both in size and in scope. As you know, the Commission adopted an action plan for nanosciences and nanotechnology for Europe 2005-2009 and Parliament adopted a resolution on it, in which the action plan was well received.
In the communication published this month on the implementation of the nanotechnology action plan, we fully address the second part of your question. A wide range of European and wider international, especially OECD and ISO, approaches are pursued, both regulatory and non-regulatory, to address the potential adverse impact of nanotechnologies.
The Commission is performing an assessment of regulatory aspects in relation to health, safety and environmental aspects of nanotechnology-based products. Preliminary results indicate that, overall, the existing Community regulatory framework gives good coverage with regard to nanotechnology-based products developed today.
Different aspects of production and products, such as the ones mentioned in the question, like cosmetics and medicines, are already subject to various Community provisions, albeit not specific to nanotechnology. Consequently, there seems today to be no need to develop new legislation for nanotechnology-related safety risks or to propose major amendments. Nevertheless, on the basis of scientific development or regulatory needs in specific areas which the Commission closely monitors, regulatory changes may be proposed where necessary. It is not nanotechnology as such where regulatory aspects should be considered but rather nanotechnology-based products.
The Commission is convinced that the moratorium on nanotechnology would be severely counterproductive. Apart from denying society the possible benefits of such technologies, it may lead to the emergence of technological paradises outside Europe, where research and innovation are carried out without regulatory frameworks.
Finally, I would like to mention another Eurobarometer survey, which was about new technologies and was carried out in 2005 on a sample of 25 000 people. If you compare it to the NanoDialogue exhibition, which you mention in your question, this one was based on 700 respondents. Eurobarometer found that, on the whole, Europeans supported the development of nanotechnology, with approximately 55% in favour. These technologies are perceived as useful to society and morally acceptable. Understandably, as many as 42% of respondents were uncertain about the effects of this new technology, but according to the survey almost 70% of the respondents who expressed an opinion as to its effects were optimistic.
Carl Schlyter (Verts/ALE). – Jag tror att vi är överens om att det allra värsta för nanotekniken vore om produkter som vi släpper ut nu är dåligt kontrollerade och förstör nanoteknikens rykte i dess begynnelse.
Jag anser att traditionella toxicitetstester inte på ett säkert sätt bedömer riskerna med nanoteknik, utan jag anser att vi behöver en uppdatering av de toxicitetstester som krävs i nuvarande lagstiftning. Jag tycker att vi behöver en märkning, så att konsumenterna själva kan välja och undrar om kommissionen planerar en sådan lagstiftning.
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. I fully agree with you and with the first statement. The worst thing would be if something happened, so we have to prevent that and we have to be on the safe side. That is the name of the game and I fully agree with you.
Proposing legislation does not fall within my responsibility, but falls within the responsibility of my colleagues in the Commission who deal with protection. I am sure they are looking at that very carefully. What I can say is that we are doing everything possible in research to try to analyse the potential risks that you mentioned, and this is certainly something done under my responsibility.
Paul Rübig (PPE-DE). – Herr Kommissar! Wo werden im Siebten Rahmenforschungsprogramm die Schwerpunkte im Bereich der Nanotechnologie gelegt werden? Hier gibt es besonders im Bereich „Gesund lange leben“ von der Bevölkerung sehr große Wünsche. Sehen Sie auch hier im medizinischen Bereich völlig neue Möglichkeiten, um gesund lange leben zu können?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. Yes, the answer is clearly positive. This is one of the areas. Nanotechnology, if one were to compare it, is a bit like information technology, because there is a horizontal influence on many sectors. One of the sectors where the results are very promising is health, so this is also part of our research, which is also, without any doubt, orientated in this direction.
Piia-Noora Kauppi (PPE-DE). – Thank you, Commissioner, for your answers. I was very pleased to hear that you think that the common regulatory framework is developing in the right direction, and also that you challenge the NanoDialogue project and findings of the study to which the question is referring. I think that the Eurobarometer shows clearly that European citizens are in favour of developing nanotechnologies.
My question for you is that, in his question, Mr Schlyter says that nanotechnology involves increasing risks. Do you have any data now that shows nanotechnology would pose such a risk, which Mr Schlyter seems to say is already a fact?
Janez Potočnik, Member of the Commission. Without any doubt, this is an area which needs attention, not least as concerns risk. When we enter into areas which in practice have this inherent potential then we have to act with caution. If we do not want people to turn against something which, if handled carefully, would certainly benefit them, then we have to do things in a way in which everything possible is done so that this does not happen. That is exactly our approach. At this very moment, of course, there have been no incidents connected to this area, but it is obviously one in which it is much better to take a cautious approach. That, surely, is the right way to proceed.
President. Questions 43 and 44 will be answered in writing.
Question No 45 by Sarah Ludford (H-0595/07)
Subject: London buses
According to figures released by the Greater London Assembly in June, the so-called ‘bendy buses’ (long single-deckers with two carriages) found in many European cities and introduced in London in 2002, were involved in 1 751 accidents in 2006. This is 75% more than other types of bus, and represents an average of almost five accidents per day or more than five accidents per year for each ‘bendy bus’ in London’s fleet.
Given this clearly unacceptable situation, particularly in comparison with other types of bus, what steps is the Commission taking to ensure that there are adequate safety measures for the operation of ‘bendy buses’ and that drivers receive the necessary level of training? How can they be considered safe enough for operation in crowded urban conditions?
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. La Commission n'a pas connaissance de statistiques préoccupantes dans d'autres grandes villes européennes ayant mis en service des bus articulés. Néanmoins, la législation communautaire traite le problème sous plusieurs aspects.
La directive 97/27 concernant les masses et dimensions de certaines catégories de véhicules à moteur et de leurs remorques fixe des normes pour la manœuvrabilité des bus en général et des normes spécifiques pour les bus articulés.
La directive 2003/59, relative à la qualification initiale et à la formation continue des conducteurs de certains véhicules routiers affectés au transport de marchandises ou de voyageurs, vise à améliorer le niveau de formation des conducteurs. À cet égard, il serait souhaitable que, dans les textes nationaux portant transposition de la directive, on prévoie des programmes de formation ad hoc pour les conducteurs de bus articulés.
Concernant la vision du chauffeur, la législation européenne a réglé le problème des poids lourds destinés au transport de marchandises par la directive 2007/38 concernant le montage a posteriori des rétroviseurs sur les poids lourds immatriculés dans la Communauté.
La Commission est néanmoins consciente de la nécessité de prendre en compte d'autres catégories de véhicules, tels les bus urbains. C'est pourquoi, comme demandé par le législateur dans la directive précitée, la Commission présentera, le moment venu, un rapport sur les résultats obtenus, accompagné, le cas échéant, d'une proposition de réexamen de la législation existante.
Voilà les réponses que je pouvais faire à Mme Sarah Ludford.
Sarah Ludford (ALDE). – I think my question is well-timed, as just today the Commission has published its Green Paper on urban mobility.
I cannot expect the Commission to address my personal sense of loss that the iconic double-decker London Routemaster bus has been replaced by these low-level continental-type ‘bendy’ buses (or ‘articulated’ buses, as the Commission put it), but I am grateful for his reference to various pieces of EU legislation which ought to apply.
Could I ask him actually to make contact with the Mayor of London and Transport for London to investigate why these buses have a 75% worse accident rate than other buses, and to examine whether these directives are being properly applied in the UK, and specifically in London?
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. Vous avez tout à fait raison d'insister sur la sécurité de ces bus, et, si vous le permettez, nous interrogerons les autorités londoniennes sur ce problème.
C'est vrai que les bus articulés peuvent être plus faciles à conduire que les bus rigides, mais quand le conducteur a pris la mesure des possibilités que présente le véhicule, il a tendance à rouler un peu plus vite et à avoir davantage confiance lors des changements de direction, parfois, malheureusement, un peu trop.
Donc, vous avez soulevé une vraie question sur laquelle nous allons, comme je viens de vous l'indiquer, tenter d'enquêter pour voir si, en effet, il n'y a pas lieu de modifier la législation existante.
Cela dit, vous avez d'autant plus raison que j'ai souligné tout à l'heure, devant cette Assemblée, le fait que pratiquement deux tiers des accidents se produisaient en ville et que, par conséquent, il faut vraiment connaître toutes les causes de ces accidents: vous en avez opportunément souligné une.
President. Question No 46 by Silvia-Adriana Ticau (H-0598/07)
Subject: Connecting Bucharest, Constanza and Sofia to the European high-speed rail network
One of the trans-European transport network’s 30 priority projects is priority axis No 22, which includes the following railway sections: Athens-Sofia-Budapest-Vienna-Prague-Nuremberg/Dresden. Romania is included in this project with the 480 km railway segment from Curtici to Brasov.
Given that since the accession of Romania and Bulgaria the European Union has gained an outlet to the Black Sea and has increased its population by some 30 million inhabitants, I should like to ask the Commission what steps Romania and Bulgaria have to take to connect the cities of Bucharest and Constanza, in the case of Romania, and Sofia, in the case of Bulgaria, to the European high-speed rail network for passengers and goods?
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. Madame Ţicău, l'axe ferroviaire prioritaire numéro 22 doit relier, effectivement, l'Allemagne à la Grèce, via Prague, Vienne, Budapest et Sofia. Une branche au nord de cet axe conduit, via Curtici et Brasov, à Bucarest et Constanta.
La Roumanie et la Bulgarie, ainsi que les autres pays concernés, déploient d'importants efforts pour construire progressivement cette ligne ferroviaire visant à relier leurs capitales respectives et le port de Constanta au réseau ferroviaire du reste de l'Union européenne. Ces efforts devraient être poursuivis pendant la période 2007-2013. Ces projets sont potentiellement éligibles à un soutien financier communautaire grâce au Fonds de cohésion ou bien aux fonds structurels, ou encore via le budget des réseaux transeuropéens.
Plus particulièrement, la Roumanie développe en priorité la ligne ferroviaire Curtici-Brasov-Bucarest-Constanta. Une section de 92 kilomètres au nord de Bucarest est déjà construite. Des projets sont en cours entre Bucarest et Constanta, qui devraient être progressivement réalisés d'ici à 2010. La Roumanie a indiqué, dans son programme opérationnel du transport pour 2007-2013, qu'elle envisage de développer la ligne Curtici-Brasov-Predeal en utilisant à cette fin les sommes du Fonds de cohésion s'élevant à 1 milliard 100 millions d'euros.
En ce qui concerne la liaison de Sofia avec le réseau de l'Union européenne, un pas important a été franchi avec la signature du contrat pour la construction du pont routier ferroviaire sur le Danube, à Vidin-Calafat, financé par le Fonds ISPA. Ce pont devrait être réalisé en 2010. De plus, la Bulgarie prévoit, dans son programme opérationnel transport pour 2007-2013, de procéder au développement d'une partie de la ligne Vidin-Sofia. Le coût des travaux à effectuer jusqu'en 2013 s'élève à 320 millions d'euros sur un total de 1 380 millions d'euros pour l'ensemble de cette ligne.
Pour sa part, la Roumanie s'est engagée à réaliser, d'ici à 2013, toutes les études préparatoires pour la réhabilitation de la ligne Craïova-Calafat au nord du pont du Danube, de façon à être prête à exécuter les travaux juste après 2013.
Voilà, je m'excuse de vous donner tous ces éléments oralement, mais nous pourrons bien sûr les compléter, s'il le faut, par écrit, Madame, en fonction de votre demande.
Silvia-Adriana Ţicău (PSE). – Domnule Comisar, într-adevăr, aş dori, dacă se poate, să primesc şi în scris aceste informaţii. De asemenea, v-aş adresa rugămintea de a organiza în România un seminar dedicat fondurilor structurale, pentru că eu consider că noile state membre au nevoie să fie sprijinite pentru a putea accesa fondurile structurale şi a-şi dezvolta infrastructura de transport.
Ieşirea Uniunii Europene la Marea Neagră este importantă şi, de aceea, eu cred că pentru mobilitatea pasagerilor şi a mărfurilor este importantă şi dezvoltarea căii ferate. Revin la întrebarea privind trenul de mare viteză: mobilitatea pasagerilor este importantă şi, de aceea, am rugămintea să avem un dialog pentru a putea face pas cu pas ceea ce este necesar pentru acest proiect important.
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. Madame, votre souci rejoint le mien. Je voudrais beaucoup que les nouveaux États membres, particulièrement la Roumanie et la Bulgarie en l'occurrence, utilisent au mieux le Fonds de cohésion et il est vrai qu'il faut, dans toute la mesure du possible, privilégier les transports ferroviaires, qui nous éviteront ensuite des problèmes majeurs au regard des exigences environnementales et des risques de congestion sur les autoroutes européennes.
Je vous remercie donc de votre question. Je demande à mes collaborateurs de compléter la réponse. Nous sommes à votre disposition, bien sûr, lorsque j'aurai l'occasion d'aller dans ces États pour pouvoir compléter encore les informations dont je dispose.
President. Question No 47 by Bernd Posselt (H-0600/07)
Subject: High-speed rail links Paris-Budapest and Strasbourg-Brussels
What is the Commission's opinion, following the basic agreements on the Stuttgart 21 project, of the timetable for the construction of the individual sections of the 'Magistrale for Europe' from Paris via Strasbourg and Munich to Vienna/Bratislava or Budapest?
What possibilities does the Commission see for expanding this Magistrale by a high-speed rail link between the three 'capitals of Europe' Strasbourg, Luxembourg and Brussels?
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. Je réponds à M. Posselt. L'axe ferroviaire Paris-Strasbourg-Stuttgart-Vienne-Bratislava n° 17 fait partie des trente projets prioritaires du réseau transeuropéen de transport. Le projet Stuttgart 21, que vous citez, Monsieur le député, constitue un maillon important de ce projet prioritaire.
Le 19 juillet 2007, un accord a été signé entre M. Tiefensee, ministre allemand des Transports, et les autorités du land de Bade-Wurtemberg, de la région et de la ville de Stuttgart et de la Deutsche Bahn. Cet accord constitue une étape déterminante dans la résorption du goulet d'étranglement que constitue la section Stuttgart-Ulm car il prévoit un financement pour le lancement des travaux en 2010.
La Commission suit de près la modernisation des sections entre Stuttgart et Ulm. Elle a nommé en juillet 2005 un coordonnateur européen pour cette ligne, M. Péter Balázs, qui lui a remis son deuxième rapport. Ce rapport a été transmis au président de la commission parlementaire TRAN. Il est disponible sur le site Internet de la direction générale des transports et de l'énergie. M. Balázs, coordonnateur, continue d'accorder la plus grande attention au goulet d'étranglement Stuttgart-Ulm, qu'il faut impérativement résorber. Dans son rapport, le coordonnateur a analysé l'état d'avancement du projet prioritaire Paris-Bratislava et conclu que le projet pourra être réalisé en majeure partie en 2015. Toutefois, vu la complexité de la section Stuttgart-Ulm, cette section se réalisera seulement en 2019.
Il est évident qu'un projet prioritaire n'exclut pas la continuation vers d'autres destinations. D'autres projets prioritaires, tels que l'axe ferroviaire Athènes-Sofia-Budapest-Vienne-Prague-Nuremberg-Dresde, permettront de continuer le projet Paris-Bratislava jusqu'à la mer Noire et la Grèce et le projet prioritaire Eurocaprail PP28 reliera Bruxelles via Luxembourg à Strasbourg.
Les États membres ont remis en juillet 2007 leurs propositions pour un cofinancement communautaire. L'évaluation de ces propositions est en cours. Sur la base de cette évaluation, la Commission proposera une répartition du budget RTE-T pour la période 2007-2013 au Parlement européen et au Conseil.
Voilà, Monsieur Posselt, les réponses que je voulais vous faire. Je suis moi-même très, très intéressé par ce grand axe Paris-Budapest et je puis vous dire que, avec M. Balázs, nous avons vraiment le souci de mobiliser toutes les énergies autour de ce grand projet.
Bernd Posselt (PPE-DE). – Herr Kommissar! In der Tat gebührt Ihnen das historische Verdienst, dass Sie das in Bewegung gebracht haben, was Kohl und Mitterrand schon 1982 beschlossen haben und was jetzt endlich Realität wird.
Ich habe zwei kurze Nachfragen. Erstens: Die grenzüberschreitenden Projekte Straßburg–Kehl–Appenweier und auch München–Mühldorf–Salzburg sind ebenfalls sehr kompliziert. Gibt es dazu Neuigkeiten?
Zweitens: Können Sie vielleicht auch einmal – wenn wir schon so viele europäische Mittel für grenzüberschreitende Strecken einsetzen – auf die Bahngesellschaften einwirken, dass die Reduzierung der grenzüberschreitenden Zugverbindungen gestoppt wird? Wir bauen mit unserem Geld die Schienenwege aus, und gleichzeitig zerhacken die Bahngesellschaften mit nationalen Fahrplänen die Streckenführung.
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. Naturellement, Monsieur le député, je suis tout prêt à intervenir.
Pourriez-vous me saisir par un courrier sur le sujet, pour que je puisse intervenir auprès de la Deutsche Bahn et, aussi, voir un petit peu comment on peut déjà améliorer les choses, car cela fait également partie de notre mission: non seulement prévoir ces grands corridors, mais d'ores et déjà améliorer la situation.
Donc, j'attends de votre part une petite note qui nous permettra d'agir.
President. Question No 48 by Dimitrios Papadimoulis (H-0606/07)
Subject: Final judgment by the Greek Court on Olympic Airways (OA)
In the discussion of my oral question H-0091/07 of 13 March 2007 on ‘the court decision offsetting debts of the Greek State to Olympic Airways (OA)’, Commissioner Jacques Barrot said: ‘The decision of the courts is a new aspect that we are analysing currently’. And recent reports in the Greek press (3 June 2007) state that Commissioner Barrot, in his contacts with senior officials in the Greek Ministry of Economy and Finance during his most recent visit to Greece, ‘allowed some margin for offsetting debts provided that progress was made with privatisation of OA’.
What exactly is the Commission analysing? Is it considering whether the final judgment of the court of arbitration is in line with Community law? Can the Commission confirm that it is negotiating on acceptance of the court decision provided that the Greek authorities go ahead with privatisation of OA?
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. M. Papadimoulis m'a interrogé, je lui réponds.
La Commission a pris connaissance de la décision du panel arbitral grec, du 13 juillet 2006, concernant les vols effectués sous obligation de service public et de la décision du 6 décembre 2006, concernant la relocalisation de la compagnie Olympic Airways à l'aéroport international d'Athènes. Les autorités grecques ont déjà consulté informellement la Commission sur ces décisions d'indemnisation, qui ont fait l'objet d'un examen préliminaire.
Sur la base de cet examen préliminaire et des documents fournis à ce stade par les autorités grecques, la Commission n'est toujours pas en mesure de statuer sur la nature de ces décisions au regard des règles communautaires en matière d'aides d'État. Dans la mesure où ces décisions impliqueraient de nouvelles aides, évidemment, elles devraient faire l'objet d'une notification sur la base de l'article 88, paragraphe 3, du traité.
Les services de la Commission ont fait part de cette évaluation préliminaire aux autorités grecques et nous attendons de leur part un retour.
De manière plus générale, la Commission met tout en œuvre pour s'assurer que les aides dont elle a ordonné la récupération soient effectivement récupérées. Voilà les renseignements que je peux vous donner, Monsieur Papadimoulis.
Δημήτριος Παπαδημούλης (GUE/NGL). – Κυρία Πρόεδρε, κύριε Επίτροπε, δεν χρωστάει μόνο η Ολυμπιακή στο δημόσιο. Χρωστάει και το δημόσιο στην Ολυμπιακή και μεγάλα ποσά. Οι συνολικές απαιτήσεις της Ολυμπιακής από το ελληνικό δημόσιο υπερβαίνουν το 1 δισ. ευρώ.
Σας ερωτώ: σκοπεύει η Επιτροπή να αναμένει, και κυρίως να σεβαστεί, τις τελεσίδικες δικαστικές αποφάσεις των αρμοδίων ελληνικών δικαστηρίων;
Πληροφορούμαι ότι την επόμενη εβδομάδα θα συναντηθείτε με τον αρμόδιο Έλληνα Υπουργό. Θα συζητήσετε αυτά τα θέματα. Μπορείτε να μας εντοπίσετε σε ποια σημεία συμφωνείτε και σε ποια διαφωνείτε με την Ελληνική Κυβέρνηση επ’ αυτού;
Στην Ελλάδα υπάρχει μεγάλη ανησυχία και μεγάλο μέρος της κοινής γνώμης κατηγορεί την Επιτροπή ότι ευνοεί την εκκαθάριση εν λειτουργία της Ολυμπιακής Εταιρίας έναντι ευτελούς τιμήματος προς όφελος των ανταγωνιστών τους. Τι έχετε να απαντήσετε επ’ αυτού;
Jacques Barrot, vice-président de la Commission. Pour le moment, Monsieur le Député, nous attendons des clarifications de la part des autorités grecques concernant les sentences du jury arbitral.
Nous n'avons pas été en contact récemment avec les autorités grecques concernant un éventuel plan de privatisation.
La question n'est pas de savoir si le jury arbitral a bien fait son travail, la question est de savoir si les relations contractuelles sur lesquelles il s'est fondé comme point de départ sont compatibles avec le droit communautaire. Je ne peux pas en dire beaucoup plus, Monsieur Papadimoulis, car, comme vous l'avez très bien indiqué, j'ai donné mon accord tout à l'heure pour une rencontre avec le nouveau ministre grec et je pense que nous aurons l'occasion de faire le point avec lui.
Voilà ce que je peux vous répondre dans l'état actuel des choses, mais nous avons besoin, en effet, de plus de précisions de la part des autorités grecques, pour prendre, éventuellement, les décisions qui s'imposent.
President. Thank you, Commissioner, and thank you for dealing with that last question.
Questions which have not been answered for lack of time will receive written answers (see Annex).
That concludes Question Time.
Jörg Leichtfried (PSE). – Frau Präsidentin! Gestatten Sie mir bitte eine Wortmeldung zur Geschäftsordnung. Ich habe mich mit der Kollegin Madeira unterhalten und natürlich auch den Antworten des Kommissars gelauscht. Wir stellen seit ungefähr drei Jahren unsere Fragen, und es ist noch nicht gelungen, eine einzige Frage mündlich beantwortet zu bekommen. Natürlich ist die schriftliche Beantwortung auch sehr ausführlich und korrekt. Aber bei der mündlichen ist es einfacher, zu fragen und nachzufragen, und deshalb ist das Ergebnis noch etwas interessanter. Haben Sie einen Rat oder eine Anleitung, wie dies in Zukunft vielleicht gelingen könnte?
President. Mr Leichtfried, thank you for your comments. All I would say, in connection with the Working Party on the Internal Reform of Parliament, is that conduct of Question Time is one of the issues that we are looking at very carefully, and your comments will be taken on board.
(The sitting was suspended at 19.30 and resumed at 21.00)