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Processo : 2014/2553(RSP)
Ciclo de vida em sessão
Ciclos relativos aos documentos :

Textos apresentados :

RC-B7-0100/2014

Debates :

PV 06/02/2014 - 15.3
CRE 06/02/2014 - 15.3

Votação :

PV 06/02/2014 - 16.3
CRE 06/02/2014 - 16.3

Textos aprovados :

P7_TA(2014)0109

Relato integral dos debates
Quinta-feira, 6 de Fevereiro de 2014 - Estrasburgo Edição revista

15.3. O Barém, nomeadamente os casos de Nabeel Rajab, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja e Ibrahim Sharif
Vídeo das intervenções
Ata
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  Der Präsident. - Als nächster Punkt der Tagesordnung folgt die Aussprache über sechs Entschließungsanträge zu Bahrain, insbesondere die Fälle Nabil Radschab, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja und Ibrahim Scharif.

 
  
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  Tunne Kelam, author. - Mr President, what we need in this case is a balanced and constructive approach combining criticism with encouragement.

There are many causes of concern: the rule of law and human rights in Bahrain; repression of demonstrations during recent years; and today we are calling for the release of several prisoners of conscience, especially Nabeel Rajab, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja and Ibrahim Sharif.

At the same time, there are also encouraging signals that the Bahraini Government has committed itself to reforms following the national Independent Commission of Inquiry report. We also encourage efforts to reform the penal code to create an independent and impartial judiciary, and there is a National Consensus Dialogue that has started talks with the Crown Prince. So we are going to monitor the situation. We express our criticisms but we also encourage the Bahraini authorities to conduct reforms.

 
  
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  Geoffrey Van Orden, author. - Mr President, I welcome the very reasonable and balanced remarks by my good friend and colleague, Mr Kelam. To make a general point, first of all: of course we have to stand up for genuine human rights and we must help others on to the path to reform. But we also have to recognise the realities of every particular situation: the presence of extremist elements, interference by outside countries that wish to destabilise a regime and, of course, the need for law and order. But that in itself is not an excuse for arbitrary imprisonment.

Bahrain is a country that has been a longstanding friend and ally of the West, and in particular of my own country. Following the King’s initiative, the Crown Prince of Bahrain has shown great leadership in a process of sustained and comprehensive reform, which will improve democracy and help build stability. All politicians of good will in Bahrain, of whatever political colour, should be prepared to engage constructively in the national political dialogue. For their part, the Bahraini authorities need to show restraint and generosity.

(The speaker agreed to take a blue-card question under Rule 149(8))

 
  
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  Marietje Schaake (ALDE), blue-card question. – Mr Van Orden, I was happy to hear you say that you were also concerned about interference from outside actors, such as Saudi Arabia, in Iran. It was actually our group that proposed to refer to this concern in the resolution, but it was your group, as well as the EPP, that did not want to refer to that.

We must look at the broader context in the Middle East when addressing the problems in Bahrain and to make sure that we can overcome them, because we have worse crises to deal with. I just wanted to ask you whether you agree that this is a matter for concern.

 
  
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  Geoffrey Van Orden, Author, Blue-card answer. - As my good friend and colleague, Ms Schaake, knows full well, I was not, of course, referring to Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is actually a friend and ally of the regime. I was talking about interference from countries on the other side of the Gulf, not least from Iran.

 
  
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  Véronique De Keyser, auteure. - Monsieur le Président, nos résolutions du jeudi après-midi ne peuvent pas être contre-productives et en particulier pour un pays aussi sensible que le Bahreïn, où s'affrontent, depuis le Printemps arabe, sunnites et chiites. Je centrerai donc mon intervention moins sur le cas des prisonniers politiques arbitrairement détenus et qui méritent d'être libérés que sur l'action de conciliation menée par le prince héritier Salman Al Khalifa.

Nous sommes à la veille du troisième anniversaire de l'insurrection au Bahreïn et, depuis trois ans, la répression n'a pas faibli. Le Parlement européen et nombre d'acteurs internationaux sont intervenus pour appeler à davantage de démocratie et d'ouverture dans ce pays, mais le 15 janvier de cette année, le prince héritier a fait un pas en avant. Il a ouvert un dialogue de consensus national et d'autres signes positifs sont à relever dans le pays. La création d'un poste de médiateur au ministère de l'intérieur, la création d'une unité spéciale d'enquêtes au bureau du procureur public et la création d'une commission des prisonniers et des détenus, chargée de surveiller ou de signaler les cas de torture. Le code pénal et les procédures juridiques devraient être bientôt réformés. Tout cela va dans le bon sens.

Néanmoins, ces projets pourraient bien évidemment n'être qu'un écran de fumée pour calmer l'opinion internationale alarmée par la situation au Bahreïn et nous suivrons donc avec attention et sympathie l'évolution de ce pays en appuyant les réformistes qui s'efforcent pacifiquement de le transformer.

 
  
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  Marie-Christine Vergiat, auteure. - Monsieur le Président, le Bahreïn continue d'être ravagé par une répression féroce, ignorée, si ce n'est cautionnée.

Trois ans maintenant que toute expression divergente est réprimée brutalement, de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur. Nous le savons tous, ici. Nous connaissons les enjeux dans cette région. Nous voyons ce qui avance, ce qui recule, ce qui stagne et à qui cela incombe.

Nous savons aussi décrypter les instrumentalisations de tous types, y compris celles qui visent à nous faire croire que ce n'est qu'un conflit entre sunnites et chiites.

Le Bahreïn fait triste figure de sacrifié du Printemps arabe. Nous savons dans quelles conditions le printemps bahreïnien a été broyé avec l'aide du grand frère saoudien. Mais broyer les aspirations légitimes d'un peuple à la démocratie, au respect de ses droits et à la justice sociale n'a jamais fait taire qui que ce soit.

Le courage des Bahreïniens force le respect. Au Bahreïn, la répression ne fait pas semblant, contrairement au simulacre de réformes qui n'ont d'autre but que de donner quelques gages aux amis occidentaux.

La justice est factice, tout comme le dialogue national prôné par un pouvoir qui prétend discuter avec ses opposants alors qu'il les met en prison à tour de bras: 3 000 prisonniers politiques dans ce tout petit pays de 600 000 habitants!

Tout le monde sait qu'au Bahreïn, ce n'est pas le prince qui gouverne mais son oncle, le premier ministre depuis cinquante ans. La liberté d'expression y est particulièrement malmenée, tant pour les journalistes nationaux que pour les étrangers. Pour Reporters sans frontières, le Bahreïn est un pays ennemi de l'internet. Les défenseurs des droits de l'homme sont, comme souvent, les premières victimes de ce type de pouvoir. Je veux, bien sûr, évoquer les cas de Nabil Rajab, président du Centre des droits de l'homme de Bahreïn, vice-président de la Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme, et d'Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja, particulièrement torturé et condamné à la prison à perpétuité.

L'Union a un accord de coopération avec les pays du Golfe dans lequel ne figure aucune clause sur la démocratie et les droits de l'homme. Tout est dit.

Sans doute, le fait que le Bahreïn soit un des principaux acheteurs d'armes, un de ceux qui font la relance du commerce des armes, ces derniers mois, n'y est pas non plus pour rien.

 
  
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  Marietje Schaake, author. - Mr President, the unrest and human rights violations in Bahrain will not be overshadowed by fancy advertising campaigns or the sponsorship of the World Economic Forum on CNN. Anyone who looks more closely at Bahrain realises that it is shameful that the Royal Family and the government have not managed to adequately address the human rights concerns and grievances of the population. Let me stress that they do not need interference from either Saudi Arabia or Iran in their domestic affairs.

Instead, the BICI report, as well as the Universal Periodic Review recommendations, should be implemented, full stop. We also identify a few other urgent reforms that must take place. We oppose forced disappearances and the use of special or military courts to try suspects of so-called national security crimes. Clearly, doctors must not be hindered or see their work politicised. Especially when it comes to juvenile detainees, Bahrain should treat them in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, to which the country is a party. In this resolution we also call for a moratorium on the death penalty and hope it will be abolished.

Prominent human rights activists, such as Abdulhadi al-Khawaja and his daughter, Zainab, have not yet been released, and neither have Nabeel Rajab or Ibrahim Sharif. Once again we call for the release of all political prisoners and human rights activists.

On a more positive note, I hope that the decision by the Arab League to set up an Arab Human Rights Court in Manama will serve as a catalyst and a reminder about the respect for human rights that needs to be guaranteed in Bahrain and across the region.

The sad thing is that, looking at the entire Middle East, one would hope that problems in Bahrain that are solvable will be dealt with once and for all, so that its ambitions on the global stage are not just economic or strategic, but are matched with granting the people of Bahrain rights and opportunities and so that I, as an MEP, can swiftly visit the country without being denied a visa.

 
  
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  Carl Schlyter, författare. - Herr talman! Jag tycker att det är bra att vi uppmanar både Saudiarabien och Iran att inte lägga sig i Bahrains affärer på det sätt som de gör, men vi bör inte heller själva lägga oss i genom att exportera vapen eller utrustning för hantering av folkmassor som kan användas på ett folkrättsvidrigt sätt. Vi kan därmed även själva undvika att bidra till en eskalering av en konflikt.

Bahrains säkerhet hotas inte av internet, eller läkare som icke-diskriminerande vill hjälpa alla sjuka, eller av aktivister som vill utnyttja sin rätt att tala för det som de tror på. Bahrains säkerhet hotas av bakåtsträvande representanter för kungahuset och regeringen, som tror att de kan stoppa en flodvåg av mänskliga rättigheter, öppen debatt och demokrati. Den hotas av att man håller fast vid dödsstraffet som metod, den hotas av militärdomstolar, den hotas av specialdomstolar. Det är där hoten mot Bahrains framtid ligger. Det är dags att vända blad och nu satsa på nya vägar framåt, inte att låsa in dem som kritiserar de gamla vägarna.

 
  
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  Eija-Riitta Korhola, PPE-ryhmän puolesta. – Arvoisa puhemies, olemme käsitelleet Bahrainin tilannetta jo useamman kerran tässä parlamentissa viime kuukausien aikana. Emme tee sitä turhaan.

Haluaisin nostaa esille etenkin ongelmat ilmaisunvapaudessa. Bahrain on 165. maailman lehdistönvapaustilastoissa. Se on tippunut 66 paikkaa viimeisen neljän vuoden aikana. 44:ä journalistia ja 22:ta mediaa on rajoitettu pääsemästä Bahrainiin sitten helmikuun 2011. Bloggaajia, journalisteja ja sosiaalisen median käyttäjiä on häiritty ja ahdisteltu. Tämä on pakottanut monet myös itsesensuuriin. Yhdestä twiitistä voi joutua viideksi vuodeksi vankilaan tai maksamaan 10 000 euron sakot.

Bahrainin riippumattoman tutkintakomission raportin jälkeen Bahrainin viranomaiset ovat luvanneet toteuttaa uudistuksia, mutta tehtävää on vielä paljon. Ei käy päinsä, että arabimaiden yhteinen ihmisoikeustuomioistuin perustetaan maahan, joka ei kunnioita kansalaistensa perusoikeuksia. Siksi toivonkin, että tuomioistuimella on myönteinen vaikutus maan tilanteeseen.

Pyysin malttia ja ymmärrystä viime puheenvuorossani, nyt toivon toimia.

 
  
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  Mitro Repo, S&D-ryhmän puolesta. – Arvoisa puhemies, Bahrainin ihmisoikeustilanne on synkkä. Viranomaiset käyttävät kohtuuttomia keinoja mielenosoitusten estämiseksi ja sananvapauden polkemiseksi. Lukuisat kansalaisaktivistit ja ihmisoikeuksia puolustaneet henkilöt ovat saaneet pitkiä vankeustuomioita.

Sosiaalisen median käyttö sananvapauden ja ihmisoikeuksien välineenä tulee sallia kaikille, myös jokaiselle bahrainilaiselle. Euroopan unionin ja sen jäsenmaiden tulee tukea Bahrainia ihmisoikeustilanteen parantamiseksi. Kansalaisten tahdon kuuleminen ja aito vuoropuhelu on ensisijaisen tärkeää.

Euroopan unionin on puututtava yksituumaisesti Bahrainin tilanteeseen, jotta bahrainilaisissa vankiloissa istuvat mielipidevangit myös vapautetaan pikaisesti.

 
  
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  Bernd Posselt (PPE). - Herr Präsident! Ich spreche hier auch im Namen meiner Kollegin Niebler, der Vorsitzenden unserer Delegation für die Golfstaaten. Wir sehen die Lage in Bahrain mit Besorgnis. Natürlich kämpfen wir für Menschenrechte und wir fordern gerade in diesen drei konkreten Fällen, dass die Behörden unverzüglich handeln.

Auf der anderen Seite können wir hier nicht so einseitig diskutieren, wie dies manche getan haben. Mein erstes Gespräch mit einem bahrainischen Herrscher liegt 30 Jahre zurück. Schon damals sind dort die tektonischen Platten aufeinander geprallt: Sunniten und Schiiten, iranische Vorherrschafts- und Gebietsansprüche – und die gibt es noch heute. Und wir müssen sehen, dass Bahrain durchaus im Religionsdialog und in geopolitischen Ausgleichsversuchen und Friedensversuchen in der Region eine positive und konstruktive Rolle spielt. Das betrifft sowohl den König als auch den Kronprinzen.

Deshalb sollten wir energisch für die Menschenrechte eintreten, wie wir dies tun, aber auch ganz klar sagen, dass wir die Reform- und Friedensbemühungen im Land selbst unterstützen, dass wir für die Ansiedlung des Gerichtshofs und für einen Ausgleich sind!

 
  
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  Lidia Joanna Geringer de Oedenberg (S&D). - Panie Przewodniczący! Sytuacja łamania praw człowieka w Bahrajnie budzi ogromny niepokój międzynarodowej opinii publicznej. Władze otwarcie ignorują podstawowe swobody obywatelskie, w tym prawo do zgromadzeń, protestów czy wolności wypowiedzi w prasie i mediach.

Ofiarami bezpodstawnych aresztowań padają coraz częściej osoby publiczne, takie jak Nabeel Rajab - przewodniczący Bahrajńskiego Centrum ds. Praw Człowieka, przetrzymywany w więzieniu od ponad dwóch lat, Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja - aktywista skazany na dożywocie za swoją pokojową działalność na rzecz ochrony praw człowieka czy Ibrahim Sharif - znany bahrajński opozycjonista, więziony za udział w pokojowych manifestacjach w 2011 r. Osoby te, podobnie jak dziesiątki innych, to ofiary niejawnych procesów, sfabrykowanych dowodów, poniżania, tortur i nieludzkiego traktowania.

Należy potępić politykę bahrajńskich władz, postulując jednocześnie o implementację zapisów raportu Niezależnej Bahrajńskiej Komisji Śledczej z 2011 r., nakazującej ukrócenie nadużyć związanych z nieludzkim traktowaniem więźniów i łamaniem praw podstawowych.

 
  
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  Štefan Füle, Member of the Commission. - Mr President, let me first stress that the Vice-President/High Representative has been following closely the situation in Bahrain. The European Union has engaged with local authorities at the highest level, as well as with all actors in Bahraini society since the resurgence of unrest in February 2011.

The Vice-President/High Representative warmly welcomes the news that Bahrain’s Crown Prince, upon the request of King Hamad, recently held wide-ranging talks with participants in the national consensus dialogue including, in particular, with Al-Wefaq Secretary-General Sheikh Ali Salman, for the first time since the events of February 2011. At this significant juncture, we believe the consultations undertaken since then have the potential to pave the way for long-term national reconciliation and sustainable reform in Bahrain.

We call once more on all parties to refrain from violence and to work together towards reconciliation without preconditions. But as we have consistently said over the last three years, a lasting reconciliation process requires a combination of moderation and concrete confidence-building steps by everyone, including the release of those arrested in the context of peaceful political activities to overcome the deep polarisation of Bahraini society.

The European Union’s Special Representative for Human Rights, Stavros Lambrinidis, who visited Bahrain last June, was given the opportunity to visit some prisoners detained for political activities. We will continue to closely monitor developments on this issue.

The European Union welcomes the positive steps taken by the Bahraini authorities to implement the recommendations by the Bahraini Independent Commission of Inquiry (BICI), thus improving the human rights situation, but much remains to be done and we will continue to encourage Bahrain to implement fully and swiftly the BICI and universal periodic review recommendations and will provide all possible support for the achievement of this goal.

We will also continue to engage with the authorities on the need to tackle impunity and accountability, noting that the Ministry of Interior’s Ombudsman, the Public Prosecution Office, as well as the Prisoners and Detainees Commission and the National Institution for Human Rights should play an important and proactive role in this regard, by fulfilling their mandate in full independence. These institutions must produce concrete results in order to win the confidence of the public.

We also considered that a visit by Mr Juan Méndez, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment would be a particularly important signal to measure the progress accomplished.

Finally, I want to warmly salute the contribution of the European Parliament’s Delegation for relations with the Arabian Peninsula and express my appreciation for its efforts towards enhancing the European Union’s engagement towards Bahrain.

 
  
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  Der Präsident. - Die Aussprache ist geschlossen.

Die Abstimmung findet im Anschluss an die Aussprache statt.

Schriftliche Erklärungen (Artikel 149 GO)

 
  
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  Monica Luisa Macovei (PPE), in writing. Over the past year, Human Rights Watch has reported that the Bahraini Government’s security forces have arrested numerous civilians ‘arbitrarily’, and tortured and mistreated people in detention. Substantial reform in Bahrain seems a distant hope at this time, as those who might lead reform efforts are often silenced by the government. The major challenge presented by this situation obliges us to continue pushing and supporting the Bahraini Government to make significant progress in changing its policies. I echo the Resolution’s praise of the Bahraini Government’s recent meeting with opposition leaders participating in the National Consensus Dialogue, as well as efforts to reform the judiciary and to comply with the recommendations of the Bahraini Independent Commission of Inquiry. Yet justice will not be achieved until Nabeel Rajab, Abdulhadi-al-Khawaja, Ebrahim Sharif, and other ‘prisoners of conscience’ are released, and the law is applied equally and fairly across Bahrain. Thus, I strongly urge the government of Bahrain to heed the urging of the European Union and proceed with reforms without delay.

 
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