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Procedură : 2015/2346(INI)
Stadiile documentului în şedinţă
Stadii ale documentului : A8-0160/2016

Texte depuse :

A8-0160/2016

Dezbateri :

PV 25/05/2016 - 23
CRE 25/05/2016 - 23

Voturi :

PV 26/05/2016 - 6.9
Explicaţii privind voturile

Texte adoptate :

P8_TA(2016)0236

Stenograma dezbaterilor
Miercuri, 25 mai 2016 - Bruxelles Ediţie revizuită

23. Barierele netarifare de pe piața unică (prezentare succintă)
Înregistrare video a intervenţiilor
PV
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  Elnök asszony. – A következő pont Daniel Dalton jelentésének rövid ismertetése: Az egységes piac nem vámjellegű akadályai (2015/2346(INI)) (A8-0160/2016).

 
  
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  Daniel Dalton, rapporteur. – Madam President, the single market has been a significant achievement. It’s more integrated than India’s market and that’s not bad considering we have got 28 countries. But although tariffs have gone, non—tariff barriers (NTBs) still exist. We need a proper single market that delivers for consumers and for all businesses. At the moment the single market works for big businesses. They have the economies of scale and the wealth to get around barriers to trade that small companies do not – they just give up.

As I’ve gone around my constituency from Stratford to Stoke, small businesses tell me that they often find it much easier to trade with Canada or the US than they do with France or Germany. Artificial barriers and red tape block the free movement of goods and services. So they give up and we lose that trade, and then they watch big companies come in and take over that trade. This fuels a feeling that Europe is just for big business and not for the little guys.

At the same time, consumers lose out. They don’t get a wider choice of products or lower prices through economies of scale that the single market should give them. We know the problem and we’ve been trying to solve it for years, but we haven’t looked at it from the perspective of international trade. It is sometimes forgotten in this house that trading in another EU country is still international trade and it involves different rules, different regulations and different languages.

This is what this report is about. It is trying to identify technical barriers to trade within the internal market. Now the term ‘non—tariff barriers’ is well—known in international trade, but it’s fair to say that we had quite a lot of discussion about what it is and what it isn’t within this house, and the definition was tricky to agree on. But one thing that isn’t a non—tariff barrier is workers and social rights. Let’s be clear about that. These apply to everyone in a country and they are non—discriminatory. Nor is it an NTB when governments legislate for legitimate public policy reasons, but their actions should be proportionate. So it is not a non—tariff barrier if an action is proportionate, non—discriminatory and serves a legitimate public policy objective. But protectionism isn’t fair; it kills jobs, it kills growth and it kills competitiveness and it penalises consumers. It exists in a variety of sectors within Europe, and we would challenge third countries if they employed such methods.

Now I believe in competition, and I believe in different economic and regulatory models in EU countries is a good thing as it allows countries to have competitive advantages. This isn’t about harmonization, but where there are problems we’ve got to highlight them, and we found problems in a number of sectors, including retail, construction and professional services, to name a few, and we need to address them. Lack of mutual recognition of testing on goods or professional qualifications is a key example. Do taps really need to be tested 28 times to be sold in 28 different EU countries? Why are British kit cars with type approvals not allowed to be sold in Belgium, for example? Why is does a UK hairdresser with 30 years’ experience have to train for 4 years to be a hairdresser in Germany? It makes no sense. Why does an Austrian ski instructor have to retrain to be an instructor in France? It makes no sense. Why does an online betting company have to have an offline establishment to trade in another country? Why are there fees on global income for supermarkets in Eastern Europe which only hit foreign companies. These are Europeans blocking other Europeans; there’s no solidarity here at all.

Now we don’t need new legislation. We need a change in mindset in national ministries and we need better and clearer enforcement of single market rules by the Commission. We need more collaboration between Member States and we’ve identified these gaps in the report with regard to goods, but I think it’s in services where there are real problems. The notification regime under the Services Directive is a prime example of where Member States have not matched their commitments. The single market should be a partnership between countries and their governments should commit with their actions.

As we’ve seen with this report, Parliament is fully behind this objective, and I hope the Commission is too. It won’t be easy but it’s in all our long—term interests, and I hope this report will provide a new impetus to tear down barriers and create a free single market that delivers for businesses – both big and small – for consumers and for workers.

 
  
 

„Catch the eye” eljárás

 
  
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  Stanislav Polčák (PPE). – Já bych se v rámci jednotného vnitřního trhu věnoval aspektu právě hospodářské soutěže, jak zmínil i můj předřečník.

Podle mého názoru právě to je věc, kde musíme důsledně trvat na našich hodnotách, na postupech a pravidlech, která v EU platí. Já jsem přesvědčen, že pokud má být docíleno obecně konkurenceschopnosti právě nejenom těch velkých podniků, ale i těch malých, tak musíme trvat právě na hodnotách konkurenceschopné hospodářské soutěže. Musím říci, že v tomto tématu bohužel mám pocit, že i třeba Evropská komise do jisté míry pokulhává, protože například včera bylo oznámeno, že Evropská komise povolila sloučení dvou světových producentů piva, jedničky s dvojkou, při jakémsi vymezení některých pivovarů, které se musejí z tohoto společného podniku vytlačit. Znamená to vytvoření 30 % gigantu světové produkce piva. Já nevím, jestli toto je v souladu s hospodářskou politikou a s politikou jednotného trhu.

 
  
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  Tibor Szanyi (S&D). – Ez a jelentés újból ráébresztett bennünket arra, hogy a nem vámjellegű akadályok visszaszorításának útjában rendre a nagy gazdasági és politikai befolyással rendelkező termelők érdekeit szolgáló kormányok vannak, amelyek a nem vámjellegű akadályok gyakran önkényes bevetését egyfajta politikai, taktikai eszközüknek tekintik. Természetesen a józan ész és a szubszidiaritás elve is megköveteli, hogy indokolt esetben, időkeretben és helyen a nem vámjellegű eszközök alkalmazására a jövőben is lehetőség nyíljon. Ideje azonban, hogy ennek elsődleges szempontja az EU egész területén a helyi kis- és közepes vállalkozók, valamint a fogyasztók érdeke, és ennek keretében az egészséges, minőségi és árverseny előmozdítása legyen.

A frusztráló, több évtizedes lemaradást a nem vámjellegű akadályok korlátozása terén csak ilyen, szociális és politikai oldalról is alátámasztott kereskedelempolitikai szemlélet segítségével lehet pótolni.

 
  
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  Νότης Μαριάς ( ECR). – Κυρία Πρόεδρε, η ενιαία ευρωπαϊκή αγορά ενίσχυσε κατά πολύ τις μεγάλες επιχειρήσεις και βιομηχανίες του Βορρά. Μάλιστα, αυτές ουδόλως επένδυσαν τα κέρδη τους στις χώρες του ευρωπαϊκού Νότου ώστε να υπάρξει ανάπτυξη και μείωση των δημοσίων ελλειμμάτων και χρεών.

Στη συγκυρία που διανύουμε σήμερα, με τα πλεονάσματα ρεκόρ της Γερμανίας από τη μια και τα τεράστια ελλείμματα που προκαλούν τα ίδια αυτά τα πλεονάσματα στον Νότο από την άλλη, οι μη δασμολογικοί φραγμοί αποτελούν το τελευταίο ανάχωμα για πολλούς επαγγελματικούς κλάδους του Νότου, πριν την ολοκληρωτική εξαφάνισή τους. Συνεπώς, το μόνο που θα πετύχει η υπό συζήτηση περαιτέρω απορρύθμιση είναι η ραγδαία αύξηση των ανισοτήτων μεταξύ των κρατών μελών.

Ο μύθος ότι η απορρύθμιση τονώνει την ανάπτυξη κι αυξάνει τις θέσεις εργασίας πρέπει επιτέλους να σταματήσει. Οι πολιτικές αποφάσεις της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης δεν μπορεί να κατευθύνονται με μύθους. Οι μη δασμολογικοί φραγμοί και οι περιορισμοί είναι εργαλεία των κρατών για να ελέγχουν και να κατευθύνουν τις οικονομίες τους με τρόπο ανεξάρτητο. Η επικουρικότητα και ο σεβασμός της πολυεπίπεδης διακυβέρνησης είναι αναγνωρισμένες αρχές της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και η στρατηγική της ενιαίας αγοράς οφείλει να τις σεβαστεί.

 
  
 

A „Catch the eye” eljárás vége

 
  
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  Jonathan Hill, Member of the Commission. – Madam President, I would like to thank Mr Dalton for this report on non—tariff barriers in the single market. I was grateful to him for the way he set out his arguments in a way – if I may say so – that I found very convincing. I think that we are all clear that deepening the single market is the best way not just to improve the investment climate, the business environment and the productivity of the EU economy, but also to improve service to consumers and to our fellow citizens. As he said about the importance as well of making the single market work for small businesses, as a former small businessman myself, that’s a sentiment that I share entirely.

I think although we have successfully removed tariff barriers to trade across the European Union, it’s right that there are still too many non—tariff barriers in the way of the proper development of the single market, and those are the focus of our work today and of the communication on the single market that we are set to adopt in June. This will set out our approach to making sure that agreed legislation is consistently enforced across the EU, and I agree with the importance of enforcement, as well as a series of more targeted actions to make sure that the single market is working as well as it can.

So, for example, we will present an EU—wide action plan to ensure the mutual recognition of goods is respected, we will revise the mutual recognition regulation – and the goal is that more companies should know their rights and make the most of the opportunities that mutual recognition could create for their businesses. We want authorities to be aware of their obligations and to apply mutual recognition properly, and we also want to create a culture of mutual recognition that’s based on trust and legal certainty across Europe.

We will be taking action to deepen the single market for services, and here I think that digitalisation offers great new opportunities. The free movement of services is of course enshrined in our Treaties. It is fundamental to the single market, but our analysis shows that providing services across European borders or setting up a branch or a subsidiary in another Member State could be simplified further. The Commission estimates that more ambitious implementation of the Services Directive could add 1.8% to EU GDP. So it’s a price worth having.

We want to make the provision of services easier inside the EU. We are developing the services passport, which is a voluntary electronic procedure to reduce the burden for service providers who want access other Member States’ markets. In my own area of financial services we are working to build a single market for capital in Europe – the capital markets union – and at the heart of that project is the goal of channelling investment to projects that need financing. So, to make it easier for companies to invest, we will bring forward proposals to reduce non—tariff barriers that complicate cross—border investment, like differences in insolvency law for example. I think the way to approach this is to identify the barriers that there are to cross—border sale of services, identify those barriers one by one with Member States and work out ways to address them.

I am looking forward to working with the European Parliament in all these areas to take the single market further and to support competition, to support investment and to support growth in Europe. I hope, like the rapporteur, that this report will give us impetus and some of the evidence as well that will help guide us in our work.

 
  
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  Elnök asszony. – A vitát lezárom.

A szavazásra 2016. május 26-án, csütörtökön kerül sor.

Irasbeli nyilatkozatok (162. cikk)

 
  
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  Danuta Jazłowiecka (PPE), na piśmie. – Szanowni Państwo! Jednolity rynek, będący przecież jednym z najważniejszych osiągnięć zjednoczonej Europy, nie funkcjonuje w pełni we wszystkich swoich wymiarach. O ile udało nam się wyeliminować bariery taryfowe, to nadal ogromny problem stanowią wprowadzane bariery pozataryfowe. Należy jednak pamiętać, co zostało wyraźnie podkreślone w sprawozdaniu, iż część z nich służy realizacji polityk publicznych w państwach członkowskich i ich usunięcie jest niewskazane. Problemem są jednak wszelkie protekcjonistyczne działania, które mają na celu ochronę rodzimych firm przed konkurencją zagraniczną. Do takich działań można zaliczyć mnożenie wymogów formalnych i biurokratycznych wobec firm z innych państw członkowskich czy stosowanie nadmiernej nieuzasadnionej kontroli podmiotów gospodarczych, co skutecznie zniechęca przedsiębiorców do eksportowania swoich dóbr czy usług. Działania takie są ze szkodą dla całej Unii Europejskiej i osłabiają konkurencyjność jednolitego rynku.

Zgadzam się ze sprawozdawcą, że podstawy prawne do pełnego funkcjonowania jednolitego rynku w zasadzie są już ukształtowane. Dlatego niezbędne jest, abyśmy wszyscy – politycy i przedsiębiorcy – zaczęli postrzegać rynek europejski jako spójną całość i dostrzegać w nim szansy na wykorzystanie w pełni potencjału krajowych gospodarek.

 
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