Afzal Khan (S&D), in writing. ‒ Joint Undertakings (JUs) bring together industry and research bodies in public-private partnerships to support research, new technology and demonstration activities, and to accelerate the market introduction of specific technologies. Domains covered include air traffic control, carbon-lean energy, nanotechnology, computing technology, cleaner aviation technologies and nuclear fusion. Our Group supports the JUs in their many areas of work, which is of clear benefit to EU citizens.