Diskusijos

Trečiadienis, 2017 m. kovo 1 d. - Briuselis

18. Vaikų migrantų dingimo Europoje problemos sprendimas (diskusijos)

  Przewodniczący. – Kolejnym punktem porządku dnia jest oświadczenie Komisji w sprawie zwalczania problemu zaginięć dzieci migrujących w Europie (2017/2566(RSP)).

  Dimitris Avramopoulos, Member of the Commission. – Mr President, honourable Members, protecting children, especially those in migration, is a top priority of our policies. By securing the future of children, Europe is securing its own future and not only that. Children in migration need to be protected, assisted and offered durable solutions at all stages of migration. We have to ensure that they are not exploited, abused or trafficked.

This challenge is becoming even more pressing given that, in 2016, children represented 26% of the arrivals by sea. This is an almost tenfold increase since 2010. Many of them are unaccompanied minors. Moreover, shortly after their arrival in Europe, an increasing number of minors abscond or disappear. In spite of the efforts taken at European and national level, the situation of minors remains unsatisfactory and protection gaps must still be filled. Ensuring adequate assistance, in terms both of material supply, adequate reception and care and of legal information and psycho-social support, is key to building trust and avoiding absconding.

The Commission is working on concrete and comprehensive actions to ensure the protection of children in migration. The European Agenda on Migration and the Action Plan on Unaccompanied Minors constitute our starting point. The Commission will also follow up on the conclusions of the 10th European Forum on the Rights of the Child, organised in November 2016, and on the outcome of the recent ‘Lost in Migration’ conference organised by Missing Children Europe in Malta in January.

In Greece, the Commission is actively supporting the appointment of a child protection officer in each hotspot. Here, the availability of sufficient dedicated reception facilities remains a challenge both on the islands and on the mainland. Over 1 000 unaccompanied children are still awaiting a shelter placement. EU funding is available under the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund to support capacity building, provide relevant infrastructure and develop operational actions in frontline Member States. Additional funding is also available under the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme to improve child protection in migration.

In 2017, priorities on combating violence against children and women explicitly include children in migration. Funding under the Emergency Support Instrument has also been made available for child protection activities. The European Asylum Support Office (EASO), the European Border and Coast Guard and Europol are also supporting frontline Member States in identifying unaccompanied minors and providing information on relocation. They offer capacity-building activities and collaborate with public security departments for investigations on smuggling and trafficking. Ensuring legal means of transfer is another key aspect to prevent minors absconding and falling into smugglers’ traps.

The Dublin system, including transfers and family reunification, and the relocation schemes must work efficiently and fast. All those involved need to collaborate better to implement these procedures smoothly. For the moment, only 205 unaccompanied minors have been relocated from Greece and Italy and, as we all understand, this is unsatisfactory.

However, the Commission is working closely with Member States in this respect. It has deployed dedicated teams in frontline Member States to address this matter. Moreover, last year’s proposals to reform the Common European Asylum System aim at strengthening the guarantees available for vulnerable persons, including children. The proposals include provisions on safe accommodation in suitable reception facilities, and prompt and effective guardianship for unaccompanied minors who apply for asylum.

In the absence of travel documents, fingerprinting is one of the very few options for identifying a person. For this reason, last year’s reform proposals also aim to lower the minimum age for fingerprinting from 14 to six years old, with a view to reducing the risk of minors going missing.

Swift progress on all asylum proposals is now needed in the European Parliament and the Council. If children go missing, they have to be found, and they have to be found fast. Existing instruments to report and record child disappearances must be fully used. The Schengen Information System (SIS) constitutes the only Europe-wide information exchange on missing persons in general. For this system to be useful, missing children must be reported to the police and other relevant responsible authorities. They, in turn, should immediately record the disappearance in the Schengen Information System, attaching photographs and fingerprints and indicating that the child is unaccompanied. Currently the information system stores information on about 100 000 missing persons in 29 European countries, out of which about 65 000 are children.

In 2016, 5 687 persons were found on the basis of SIS. In addition, the Commission has recently proposed to improve the information system. For instance, we suggest having a new type of preventive alert for missing unaccompanied children, to be issued in cases when a child is particularly at risk. Better use must also be made of the existing ‘Missing Children’ hotline (116 000). For instance, all reception centre managers should report all cases of children going missing via this hotline.

As you can see, many actions are ongoing to protect children better in migration, and the European Union will step up its efforts. The migration crisis has been exploited by ruthless criminal networks, involved in trafficking in human beings, to target the most vulnerable, in particular women and children. It is our duty to protect children. We need to focus on prevention, the quality of care and protection. We must reinforce our fight against the criminals, mobilise and inform public opinion and put pressure on Member States to use all tools available to protect children in migration. Let us live up to the challenge and address it by using all resources in a united and coordinated manner.

  Anna Maria Corazza Bildt, on behalf of the PPE Group. – Mr President, I would like to thank the Commissioner for his commitment. A real tragedy is unfolding in Europe, which needs urgent and concrete action. More than a year ago, Europol sounded the alarm when tens of thousands of migrant children went missing. They had been trafficked, abused, exploited and exposed. It is happening today in Europe. We are far away from a zero tolerance policy against traffickers and smugglers.

With the Intergroup on Children’s Rights in this Parliament, together with Missing Children Europe, we have been at the forefront in putting this emergency at the top of the EU agenda. We call on the police to prioritise missing children, without double standards between European and migrant children. We need effective rules for cross-border cooperation and increased cooperation with Europol, filling the existing gaps. We need to allocate more resources to hotlines, to help report disappearances and build trust with migrant children to prevent them from running away, to make sure children remain in the protection system and to provide them with a safe environment and decent living standards.

Children must be registered when entering the European Union and I support the Commissioner’s reform proposal for EURODAC, moving to take fingerprints from the age of six, to be able to protect them and to trace them. Member States need also to increase their interoperability between the Schengen and the Visa Information System and, as we revise the asylum package, we cannot sacrifice children. Europe should mean safety for them. What if it was our child missing?

  Tanja Fajon, v imenu skupine S&D. – Za desetine tisočev izgubljenih migrantskih otrok, o katerih danes govorimo, so krive kriminalne združbe in ne delujoča azilna politika Evropske unije.

Imamo striktna in zavezujoča pravila za članice, ko obravnavajo iskalce azila, posebej otroke brez spremstva. Ampak to velja v teoriji. V praksi sistem ne deluje. Imamo zelo slabo izmenjavo informacij, neenotna mnenja, kako posodobiti azilni sistem. Način obravnave otrok brez spremstva je po državah neenoten.

Nekatere države sploh nimajo institucije, ki bi bila odgovorna za te otroke. Na vseh teh področjih velja prava zmešnjava. Z izvajanjem dublinske uredbe pošiljamo nemočne otroke po Evropi sem ter tja kot pakete.

Ukrepi, ki bi mladoletnike morali ščititi, jim nuditi varnost, zaradi česar so prišli na naša tla, jih dejansko poženejo v beg. Jih prisilijo, da poniknejo, izginejo. Odprite časopis ali internet. Zadnjih dve leti se o tej problematiki pišejo ene in iste zgodbe. Na ravni Unije pa še vedno ni koraka naprej.

Zakaj ni akcijskega načrta? Zakaj mladoletniki niso prioriteta?

In ustno vprašanje mojih kolegov je dovolj natančno. Zato tudi jaz pričakujem bolj natančne odgovore. Predvsem pa zahtevam načrt za reševanje teh otrok in njegovo dosledno izvajanje.

  Monica Macovei, în numele grupului ECR. – Mulțumesc. Peste 10 000 de copii au dispărut din centrele de recepție după ce au intrat în Europa odată cu fluxul de migranți, așa cum arată datele Europol.

În 2016 numai în Italia au ajuns peste 13 000 de minori neînsoțiți. Mulți au parcurs un drum foarte periculos pe ruta Africa de Nord-Europa.

Cum procedăm pentru a proteja acești copii? Cum facem ca acești copii să nu devină victime sigure ale traficului, inclusiv de organe, ale exploatării sexuale, ale abuzurilor? Putem face asta în mai multe feluri: prin numere de urgență, prin măsuri care să reunifice familiile, personal calificat în centrele de recepție și, de asemenea, colectarea datelor biometrice de la o vârstă cât mai mică, începând cu șase ani, așa cum se propune și de comisar în regulamentul Europol. Este foarte importantă găsirea acestor copii pentru că numai așa îi putem readuce în siguranță.

  Hilde Vautmans, namens de ALDE-Fractie. – Mijnheer de commissaris, ik ben blij met alle woorden die u hier sprak. Maar ik zou graag daden zien. Een jaar geleden kwam Europol al met het cijfer van 10 000 vermisten in Europa. Vandaag maakt Child Focus België bekend dat er in België 116 nieuwe dossiers zijn geopend. Vorige week was ik op bezoek in Duinkerken, op twee uur rijden van Brussel. Ik nodig u graag uit om eens mee te gaan kijken naar het Franse opvangkamp aldaar. Honderd niet-begeleide minderjarige asielzoekers zitten er in houten barakjes, zonder zorg, zonder onderwijs en zonder iemand te zien om een asielaanvraag in te dienen. Dat is het Europa van 2017! Dat mogen we niet tolereren.

Ik vraag u officieel om een echt actieplan met goede opvang en korte procedures. Daarbij moet echt worden ingezet op de strijd tegen mensensmokkelaars en worden gezorgd voor de uitwisseling van good practices. Waar kinderen zitten, moeten instanties foto's nemen opdat men niet pas na 8 of 9 dagen per e-mail een melding doet als er een kind wordt vermist. Weet u, mijnheer de commissaris, als mijn hond vanavond niet thuiskomt, dan ga ik harder zoeken naar mijn hond dan Europa zoekt naar de 10 000 vermiste kinderen.

Kom met dat actieplan. Ik breng u graag de aanbevelingen van de conferentie in Malta. Ik was daar zelf en ik wil ze u persoonlijk overhandigen. Daar staan heel concrete dingen in!

  Marina Albiol Guzmán, en nombre del Grupo GUE/NGL. – Señor presidente, perdonen, pero es que a mí me parece increíble todo lo que estoy oyendo aquí en estos momentos. Parece que ahora están ustedes preocupadísimos por los menores migrantes, pero no piensan en los menores cuando se construyen vallas, cuando cierran fronteras, cuando niegan visados, cuando abren centros de detención o cuando firman acuerdos con Turquía, Afganistán o Libia y alimentan a las mafias. Y todo lo que sucede con los menores es fruto de esas políticas que ustedes no cuestionan.

Un buen ejemplo de las consecuencias que tienen estas políticas para los menores es la situación en Melilla. Allí hay centenares de menores atrapados —algunos, en centros; otros, muchos, en la calle, sin escolarizar— y al Gobierno de España no se le ocurre otra cosa para solucionar esta situación que ponerse a negociar un acuerdo con el Reino de Marruecos para deportarlos, para deportar a los menores.

Esto no soluciona nada, esto lo que hace es enviar el problema lejos para que no nos moleste.

  Jean Lambert, on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group. – Mr President, I think we are all agreed that we need a joined-up system that is going to protect children and ensure that their best interests are at the heart of what we do. We know that we need to develop a system that youngsters trust and will engage with, and that protects them, informs them properly, has effective legal guardians and will cooperate across borders where necessary. We know that we need governments to step up, and indeed to step in, to help those countries under particular pressure.

As the Commissioner said, the offers are pretty poor at the moment and even those offers made are not always taken up. So I think we need to think seriously about how we improve that. But we do need, as others have said, a system that works in reality. It is no surprise that kids will believe smugglers’ promises to reunite them with family when we see the reality of what many of those minors currently face and the lack of information they get.

We only have to look at the scandal of Calais in terms of child protection: children identified there by civil society organisations, not the authorities, a Supreme Court judgment to remind the British Government of their obligations, a totally inadequate system of cooperation and transfer between France and the UK, and still poor delivery even now. The French are closing the centres that they took unaccompanied minors to and the British Government thinks it has done its job, although there are still at least 1 000 who have, potentially, the legal right to be there under Dublin.

So we really do need to make our system start working. I look forward to the infringement proceedings that I hope the Commission will bring against Member States.

(Applause)

  Gerard Batten, on behalf of the EFDD Group. – Mr President, the United Nations Refugee Agency estimates that 35% of migrants entering the European Union since January 2016 were children. In 2015, 85 482 unaccompanied minors applied for asylum in the EU, which was three times the 2014 figure. Now it seems that thousands of these children have gone missing, their fate unknown.

Are we to believe these children were sent abroad unaccompanied? Are we to believe that in a single year 85 000 minors made their own decision to make their way to Europe entirely on their own? Of course not. They were trafficked by criminal gangs, but someone had to pay the gang first and, presumably, that was their parents or families. The EU Schengen Area and open borders policy has helped to create an immigration and asylum racket: get the children in first and then the families can follow. The innocent victims of this racket are the children themselves.

  Mara Bizzotto, a nome del gruppo ENF. – Signor Presidente, onorevoli colleghi, l'Europa dovrebbe aiutare i bambini che scappano dalla guerra, ma non lo fa e mi chiedo: non lo fa per incapacità o per complicità; è incapace o complice dei delinquenti, dei trafficanti di essere umani che organizzano viaggi della morte?

Perché l'Unione europea lascia morire ogni anno centinaia di bambini nel Mar Mediterraneo? Perché non si creano corridoi umanitari per accogliere in Europa, in modo legale e sicuro, i veri profughi, evitando così l'arrivo di tanti clandestini che vengono sfruttati dalla malavita per il commercio di droga, per la prostituzione minorile e per il traffico di organi?

Ogni giorno in Italia scompaiono 28 minori non accompagnati. L'associazione Penelope è venuta qui al Parlamento a chiederci di affrontare a livello europeo il fenomeno delle migliaia di minori non accompagnati scomparsi. Questa associazione, che in Italia fa un lavoro straordinario e aiuta le famiglie e le persone scomparse, è venuta anche a chiedere aiuto, il nostro aiuto, per i 1 600 minori, cittadini italiani scomparsi. Non dimentichiamoci di questi bambini – 1 600 – che sono cittadini europei e che sono spariti nel nulla.

  Agustín Díaz de Mera García Consuegra (PPE). – Señor presidente, la situación es alarmante. Unicef ha señalado que, en el año 2015, 96 000 menores no acompañados solicitaron asilo —un 20 % del total de los niños— y Europol estima que el 27 % del millón de migrantes que llegó a Europa en 2015 eran menores. Tenemos que hacer frente a este drama entre todos: la Unión y cada uno de los Estados miembros.

En primer lugar, debemos buscar a los menores desaparecidos, ya que muchos están siendo expuestos a todo tipo de malos tratos por parte de bandas criminales y están siendo víctimas de explotación sexual. Además, debemos asumir responsabilidad, ya que muchos de ellos han desaparecido estando en centros de acogida europeos. Los niños, al sentirse desprotegidos e inseguros, deciden huir, y es entonces cuando fácilmente pueden caer en manos del crimen organizado.

Para evitar estos hechos, es necesaria la reforma de la Directiva de las condiciones de acogida: es fundamental.

En reubicación, es urgente que los menores sean atendidos y sean reubicados y reasentados, y rápido, sobre todo los de Grecia e Italia.

Y quiero pedir especial protección para los niños con bebés, niñas y niños que vienen siendo padres, y para esos pido especial protección. Y además es urgente la asignación del tutor: una asignación no diferida, una asignación inmediata.

  Caterina Chinnici (S&D). – Signor Presidente, onorevoli colleghi, ringrazio il Commissario Avramopoulos per le sue dichiarazioni.

I dati citati dal Commissario, come i dati pubblicati proprio ieri dall'UNICEF sui minori scomparsi, dimostrano la gravità della situazione ed evidenziano la necessità di porre in atto una strategia complessiva a livello europeo, fondata sul principio del superiore interesse del minore. Le istituzioni europee devono quindi sforzarsi di garantire coerenza fra tutte le proposte che costituiscono la riforma del sistema di asilo, e mi riferisco in particolare alla proposta di revisione del regolamento di Dublino che mantiene, anche per i minori, il criterio della responsabilità del paese di primo approdo, con il rischio di spingere indirettamente i minori ad intraprendere movimenti secondari per trasferirsi clandestinamente nel paese membro in cui desiderano presentare domanda di asilo.

Come è stato detto in occasione della conferenza "Lost in migration" tenutasi a Malta, per tutelare i minori sul territorio europeo, dobbiamo fare in modo che essi possano presentare la domanda di asilo nello Stato in cui si trova, eventualmente, una persona con dei legami familiari. E se, per tutelare i minori, è apprezzabile la proposta inserita nel sistema Eurodac di introdurre i dati biometrici per i minori, addirittura già a partire dai sei anni, è necessario però che questo avvenga in presenza di adeguate garanzie, con personale specializzato e con tutte le cautele necessarie ad evitare traumi per i bambini.

Ed è fondamentale trasmettere fiducia ai bambini migranti, assicurare loro dignitose condizioni di accoglienza, assegnare a ciascun minore un tutore adeguatamente formato che valuti quale sia per lui il migliore interesse e promuovere iniziative che nel lungo periodo ne favoriscano l'integrazione.

PRZEWODNICTWO: BOGUSŁAW LIBERADZKI
Wiceprzewodniczący

  Anders Primdahl Vistisen (ECR). – Hr. formand! Det er desværre lige så forudsigeligt, som det er frygteligt, at det er de svageste, nemlig børnene, som det går hårdest ud over, når man ser det asylkaos, som er skabt i disse år i Europa. Løsningen er lige så logisk, som den har været svær for EU-landene at komme frem til, nemlig at det handler om at tage fat om problemets rod, altså handler om, at vi får afhjulpet de mekanismer, der gør, at menneskesmuglere kan lave en guldrandet forretning ved at misbruge folks håb om at komme til Europa, herunder at misbruge børn – noget af det frygteligste, man overhovedet kan forestille sig.

Så det er ikke et spørgsmål om, at alle her i salen synes, der er frygteligt, når børn bliver misbrugt, også i denne sammenhæng. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan vi får afhjulpet dette problem mest effektivt, og her handler det altså om at afhjælpe de faktorer, der gør, at menneskesmuglere kan lave denne forretningsmodel.

Endelig skal vi også huske at screene de ældste af børnene, for vi ser i hvert fald i Danmark masser af sager, hvor voksne påstår at være børn og blandt andet kommer ind på asylfaciliteterne for børn og der misbruger de mindre, uledsagede flygtningebørn. Det er også en problemstilling, der skal tages op i denne sammenhæng.

  Nathalie Griesbeck (ALDE). – Monsieur le Président, Monsieur le Commissaire, on tourne en rond. Il y a un an exactement, Europol nous annonçait la disparition de 10 000 enfants migrants, et tout le monde se scandalisait de ces disparitions, alors que nous dénoncions cela depuis des années. Soit. Aujourd’hui, un an après, on est toujours là à débattre et à redébattre.

Pourtant, les solutions existent pour protéger ces enfants. On les connaît et, Monsieur le Commissaire, vous les avez rappelées: identification immédiate, enregistrement, désignation immédiate d’un tuteur, mise à l’abri et numéro de téléphone gratuit. Ce sont des mesures plutôt simples et rappelons qu’on parle, grosso modo, de 90 000 enfants face à une Europe d’un demi-milliard de citoyens.

Mais ces mesures, il faut les vouloir et vouloir les mettre en place. Monsieur le Commissaire, aujourd’hui, je ne vais pas du tout dénoncer l’inaction de la Commission, bien au contraire. Mais au fond, ce n’est pas ici, dans cette enceinte, qu’il faudrait débattre, mais plutôt au cœur des parlements nationaux, car ce sont les États qui pêchent et qui, comme dans beaucoup d’autres domaines, manquent cruellement de volonté politique et manient l’hypocrisie en ne respectant ni les engagements ni les législations européennes.

Arrêtons d’accuser l’Europe pour ce qu’elle ne peut pas faire. Soyez, Monsieur le Commissaire, notre porte—parole pour mettre les États membres au pied du mur. C’est un scandale pour ces enfants et une honte pour les citoyens européens.

  Josu Juaristi Abaunz (GUE/NGL). – Señor presidente, señor comisario, es nuestro deber, ha dicho, pero he de decir que están fallando estrepitosamente. Y los responsables tienen nombre y apellidos: son los Estados miembros y sus políticas que, como casi siempre, están ausentes de este debate. Menores no acompañados están sufriendo violencia física y sexual y amenazas. Y esto favorece a las mafias y sus redes de tráfico, por ejemplo, en Hungría, Bulgaria o Croacia, según informa Save the Children.

Pero también sufren violencia a manos de policías y militares, y también hay que decirlo. En Europa hay cárceles temporales para estos niños, que siguen siendo objeto de devoluciones en caliente. Y si muchos prefieren la calle a los campamentos, es por miedo a la violencia o a ser deportados. No olvidemos que sus familias han vendido todo lo que tienen para que ellos puedan viajar y tener una oportunidad, con la presión psicológica que ello conlleva.

Señorías, los menores son los más vulnerables, y muchos están siendo tratados con violencia en Europa. Lo hecho y no hecho hasta ahora es vergonzoso, y ni tan siquiera tienen aún procedimientos comunes de identificación y seguimiento de estos menores.

  Kristina Winberg (EFDD). – Herr talman! Diskussionen kring barn och särskilt ensamkommande barn har varit felaktig från första början. Jag kan förstå att många av er har fått fel bild. Ofta när man pratar om migration och barn hittar media en bild på ett litet barn, ofta en flicka, en bild som indirekt säger att barnet har kommit bort från sina föräldrar under flykten till Europa. Naturligtvis är bilden en annan.

Om det är något land som känner till fenomenet ensamkommande barn är det vi i Sverige. Vi tog emot 35 000 under år 2015. Anledningen till att ensamkommande valde Sverige är ju naturligtvis tvådelad: välfärd och ålderstester. Sverige har fortfarande inte fått igång några tvingande ålderstester för asylsökande. Tänk om det är en stor grupp som avviker medvetet för att ta sig till det land som de ville till från början istället? Tänk om det är en grupp där de flesta påstår sig vara sjutton år och sedan magiskt har fru och barn när de får sin asylansökan beviljad?

  Мария Габриел (PPE). – Г-н Председател, по последни данни на Върховния комисариат на ООН едно от всеки четири лица, търсещи убежище, е дете. Всички цитираме стряскащата цифра от над десет хиляди деца мигранти, които са изчезнали в Европа. Точният брой обаче на изчезналите деца остава неизвестен. Голяма част от случаите са недокладвани поради липса и на централен регистър. Това води до създаване на погрешни данни. Необходимо е наистина информацията да се споделя на eвропейско ниво, така че тя да бъде достъпна за всички държави членки.

Второ, превенцията – ключова дума. Превенцията на случаите на изчезнали деца мигранти трябва да бъде в центъра на миграционната политика на Европейския съюз. Продължителните административни процедури, липсата на информация и доверие в местните власти, неподходящи приемни условия, както и практиката на задържане са само някои от факторите, които допринасят за случаите на изчезване. Необходими са конкретни усилия в тази насока, за да не позволим тези деца да станат жертва на криминални мрежи и трафиканти, да предотвратим случаите на повторни изчезвания.

Поздравления за усилията Ви, господин Комисар! Въпросите като условията на прием, ролята на Фронтекс, Евродак, всичко това е значителна стъпка напред. Трябва всички да подходим с отговорност към тези досиета, за да може да гарантираме предоставянето на сигурна среда за децата мигранти, както и подобрена система за проследяване с цел осигуряване на ефективна закрила.

  Josef Weidenholzer (S&D). – Herr Präsident! Vor fast einem Jahr haben wir hier sehr emotional über diesen Sachverhalt diskutiert, und es gibt sie immer noch, die verschwundenen Kinder. Das müsste Sie, Herr Kommissar Avramopoulos, eigentlich nervös machen – im Interesse der Kinder und Jugendlichen, aber auch im Interesse der Sicherheit in Europa. An Ihrer Stelle würde ich mir auch Gedanken machen, ob es auch vielleicht damit zusammenhängt, dass der Umsiedlungsprozess aus Griechenland immer noch nicht in Gang gekommen ist und dass so immer noch tausende Kinder fest sitzen, die nichts zu verlieren haben, und nicht wenige davon werden Opfer krimineller Banden.

Ich würde mir nicht nur Gedanken machen, wie der Umsiedlungsprozess beschleunigt werden kann, sondern vor allem, wie man zwischenzeitlich die Bedingungen für die Kinder verbessern kann. Ich habe die Zustände in griechischen Flüchtlingslagern gesehen und ich kriege diese Bilder nicht aus dem Kopf. Wir sollten alles tun, um die Kinder nicht alleine zu lassen. Wir brauchen diesen vielzitierten Aktionsplan, sonst werden wir hier im nächsten Jahr wieder genau das gleiche diskutieren, und das sollten wir eigentlich nicht.

  Ryszard Czarnecki (ECR). – Panie Przewodniczący! Szanowni Państwo! Cieszę się, że mogę przemawiać. Poprzednie moje wystąpienie niestety musiało być anulowane, ponieważ siedziałem na Pańskim miejscu.

Mówimy o dramatach, ludzkich dramatach, bo zaginięcie dziecka dla każdego rodzica jest tragedią. Sam mam trójkę dzieci i myślę, że większość z nas doskonale zdaje sobie sprawę z tego dramatu i rozmiaru tego dramatu. Wydaje mi się, że tym bardziej powinniśmy starać się inwestować środki finansowe poszczególnych państw członkowskich, a również Unii Europejskiej, w krajach, z których ci ludzie wyjeżdżają, uciekają. Myślę, że im większe inwestycje i poprawianie poziomu życia ludności poza Europą, tym mniej tego typu tragedii na starym kontynencie, naszym kontynencie. Myślę, że warto, by w tej dyskusji to wybrzmiało.

  Monika Hohlmeier (PPE). – Herr Präsident, Herr Kommissar, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen! Zunächst einmal muss man feststellen, dass die Mitgliedstaaten die Kernaufgabe haben, sich um vermisste Kinder zu kümmern, die in ihren Gebieten sind. Das ist erst einmal ihre Hauptaufgabe, ihre Kompetenz. Offiziell hat die Europäische Kommission nicht einmal eine Kompetenz dafür, weil das der Vertrag von Lissabon nicht vorsieht. Wenn es in Belgien in Unterkünften Probleme gibt, hat der Staat Belgien und seine Regierung die Verpflichtung, genauso wie in Deutschland oder wie in Frankreich.

Aber ich habe konkrete Bitten in den Feldern, in denen wir – glaube ich – etwas tun können, und zwar im Besonderen im Bereich der Hotspots, wo die meisten unbegleiteten Minderjährigen ankommen. Wäre es eine Möglichkeit, Herr Kommissar, dass wir im Bereich von Frontex und EASO gesonderte Einheiten schaffen, die sich um unbegleitete Minderjährige bei der Ankunft kümmern, und dafür vielleicht auch ein eigenes Personalkontingent vorsehen, um die jeweiligen Behörden vor Ort auch dazu zu bringen, unbegleitete Minderjährige von Anfang an, wenn es geht, getrennt unterzubringen, ihnen gesonderte Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen, und das vielleicht auch zum Teil mit Unterstützung europäischer Mittel?

Eine zweite Bitte: Im Bereich von Europol gibt es zwar Einheiten zum Kampf gegen Menschenhandel, Einheiten zum Kampf gegen Zwangsprostitution, Versklavung und ähnliches, aber es gibt kein spezifisches beziehungsweise kein ausreichendes Personal, das sich um die Frage der verschwundenen Kinder oder der bedrohten Kinder kümmern kann. Wäre es möglich, hier in diesen Bereichen ganz gezielt eine Aufstockung bei Europol vorzunehmen, um gezielte und rasche konkrete Schritte von unserer Seite aus ergreifen zu können?

  Péter Niedermüller (S&D). – Elnök Úr, miközben az Európai Menekültügyi Rendszer különös figyelmet fordít a kísérő nélküli gyermekekre, fiatalkorúakra, a magyar kormány tovább szigorítaná a menekültekkel kapcsolatos törvényeket. Ennek keretében olyan jogszabály készül, amely a 14–18 év közötti, kísérő nélküli gyermekeket, fiatalokat kivenné a gyermekvédelmi törvény hatálya alól. Ez azt jelenti, hogy ezek a gyerekek nem kerülnek gyermekotthonokba, nem kapnak kirendelt gyámot, speciális védelmet. A javaslat azt is tartalmazza, hogy a kiskorúak is automatikusan őrizetbe kerülnének, és a tranzitzónában létesítendő konténertáborokban kell megvárniuk a menedékkérelmi eljárás végét.

Ez a tervezet semmiben sem felel meg az ENSZ gyermekek jogairól szóló egyezményének, sérti a magyar állam alkotmányos kötelezettségét, valamint az emberségből fakadó védelem elvét. Itt és most hívom föl az Európai Parlament és a Bizottság figyelmét, a magyar kormány újabb embertelen intézkedésére. Meggyőződésem, hogy morális kötelezettségünk mindent megtenni annak érdekében, hogy ebből a javaslatból soha ne lehessen tényleges törvény.

  Νότης Μαριάς (ECR). – Κύριε Πρόεδρε, τα παιδιά είναι τα μεγάλα θύματα της προσφυγικής κρίσης. Περισσότερα από 89.000 ασυνόδευτα παιδιά ήρθαν στην Ευρώπη το 2015 και 10.000 παιδιά πρόσφυγες έχουν εξαφανιστεί, σύμφωνα με στοιχεία της Εuropol. Στην Τουρκία είναι πάρα πολλές οι περιπτώσεις ασυνόδευτων παιδιών που πέφτουν θύματα εμπορίας, κακοποίησης και εκμετάλλευσης.

Υπολογίζεται ότι, στην Ελλάδα, το 40% περίπου των προσφύγων που βρίσκονται στη χώρα είναι παιδιά. Θέλω να επανέλθω, κύριε Αβραμόπουλε, στο θέμα της αποσυμφόρησης των νησιών του Αιγαίου, διότι, σύμφωνα με στοιχεία, στους 16.500 ανθρώπους που βρίσκονται στα νησιά, το 40% τουλάχιστον είναι παιδιά. Υπενθυμίζω την απάντηση που μου δώσατε προ ημερών για το θέμα αυτό, όταν είπατε ότι μπορούν πλέον οι ευπαθείς ομάδες να πάνε στην ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα, και σας παρακαλώ να το δείτε άμεσα το θέμα αυτό διότι είναι πολύ σημαντικό. Είναι ανάγκη να μπορέσουν αυτοί οι άνθρωποι, αυτά τα ασυνόδευτα παιδιά, να πάνε στην ηπειρωτική Ελλάδα και να μην συνωστίζονται στα νησιά του Αιγαίου. Μπορεί να δοθεί άμεση λύση στην αποσυμφόρηση των νησιών του Αιγαίου κατά 40%.

  Alessandra Mussolini (PPE). – Signor Presidente, onorevoli colleghi, vorrei fare un esempio concreto, perché ho ascoltato bene le parole del Commissario.

Quando le persone più vulnerabili, che sono i bambini, arrivano in uno Stato membro in Europa, che cosa sono? Sono un numero, quel numero sparisce, quel numero non lo trovi più. Negli hotspot quando vengono registrati, prima delle registrazioni, noi dobbiamo dar loro protezione immediata. Perché non eliminare questo numero che, a mio modo di vedere, è una vergogna e non dar loro immediatamente una carta di protezione? Perché sono detentori di diritti.

Poi: eliminazione dei trasferimenti, perché da un trasferimento all'altro negli Stati membri noi li dobbiamo ridurre al minimo, proprio solo nel superiore interesse del minore, perché tra un trasferimento e l'altro si possono perdere, sono bambini che quando arrivano nello Stato membro già sono stati abusati, violentati, ne abbiamo visti veramente in condizioni tremende. L'ultimo, e lo dico, no ai trasferimenti e un impegno economico importante, perché per la tutela occorre un impegno economico, se non ci sono soldi, non ci sono neanche tutele.

  Sylvie Guillaume (S&D). – Monsieur le Président, Monsieur le Commissaire, le 12 septembre 2013 déjà, nous votions une résolution qui condamnait les lacunes en matière de protection des mineurs non accompagnés au sein de l’Union et dénonçait les conditions d’accueil, souvent déplorables, de ces mineurs ainsi que les nombreuses violations de leurs droits fondamentaux dans certains États membres.

Quatre ans plus tard, 10 000 mineurs ont disparu selon Europol. C’est un détestable bilan et une faillite collective. Les mineurs non accompagnés constituent l’une des populations les plus vulnérables et, pourtant, leurs droits sont bafoués dès leur arrivée en Europe, avec la rétention, la lenteur des procédures et les regroupements familiaux qui ne se font pas, autant de raisons qui les poussent à fuir au risque de tomber aux mains des trafiquants.

Nous pouvons empêcher cela, notamment en arrêtant les transferts de mineurs au titre du règlement de Dublin, en interdisant la rétention des mineurs ou en relocalisant ceux qui sont arrivés. Pour cela, il faut remettre au centre du processus l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant, et j’ai le regret de dire que reprendre les transferts vers la Grèce n’est pas une bonne voie à suivre, car ce principe aura un impact direct sur les mineurs, dont les conditions d’accueil restent inacceptables, notamment dans les pays de première entrée.

  Juan Fernando López Aguilar (S&D). – Señor presidente, señor comisario, Canadá es un ejemplo y una referencia en el mundo en el tratamiento a los menores refugiados y, particularmente, a los menores acompañados. ¿Por qué no lo es la Unión Europea?

Ayer mismo sostuvimos en la Comisión de Libertades Civiles, Justicia y Asuntos de Interior una audiencia muy intensa en la que pudimos escuchar testimonios desgarradores, pero también propuestas de respuesta a la problemática de los menores no acompañados en la Unión Europea.

¿Qué espera la Comisión para exigirles esas respuestas a los Estados miembros? Este asunto lo debatimos aquí en abril del año pasado, lo votamos y escuchamos de la Comisión el compromiso de traer aquí un plan específico de medidas ante el drama, la tragedia de los menores no acompañados. Todavía lo estamos esperando.

Estamos reformando el sistema europeo de asilo; ahí es donde tenemos que encuadrar la reforma de la Directiva de acogida y de los procedimientos de acogida y de los procedimientos de protección a los menores no acompañados para que, de una vez, la Unión Europea esté a la altura de lo que promete y dé una respuesta que sea una medida de su altura, de su estatura moral ante esa tragedia de diez mil niños desaparecidos en la Unión Europea —según Interpol— pero, sobre todo, de un 20 % de menores no acompañados, del conjunto de los menores que demandan refugio, siendo como son el eslabón más vulnerable de la cadena del refugio, pero también de la explotación de personas.

Zgłoszenia z sali

  Michaela Šojdrová (PPE). – Pane předsedající, všichni se shodujeme, že děti jsou těmi nejzranitelnějšími, těmi nejvíce nevinnými obětmi v té vlně migrantů, kteří přišli do Evropy. A Evropa by měla dokázat, že si je vědoma své odpovědnosti a dokáže hájit nejlepší zájem dítěte.

Jaké je tedy řešení? Už jste tady o tom mnozí z vás hovořili. Děti musí být identifikovány, musí získat ochranu a péči, kterou potřebují. Myslím, že nikdo z nás nebude litovat prostředků na naplnění těchto opatření. Je potřeba vyčlenit řádné finanční prostředky a také personální kapacity. Nemáme v tom žádné omezení. Chci vás, pane komisaři, vyzvat, abyste si byl vědom toho, že máte naši plnou podporu pro všechna legislativní opatření i finanční opatření ke snímání otisků prstů, k identifikaci dětí a k finančním zajištěním pro zařízení, kde bude o děti adekvátně pečováno.

  Nicola Caputo (S&D). – Signor Presidente, onorevoli colleghi, i minori non accompagnati che arrivano in Europa lungo la rotta del Mediterraneo centrale sono vittime di violenze di ogni genere, sono la categoria più a rischio.

Secondo il rapporto UNICEF "Un viaggio mortale per i bambini", pubblicato recentemente, dei 181 000 migranti e profughi arrivati in Italia, circa il 30 % sono minori e nove su dieci di essi sono arrivati sulle coste italiane non accompagnati. Inoltre, dei 4 579 migranti che nel 2016 si stima siano morti durante la traversata del Mediterraneo, si ritiene che 700 fossero minori. Europol ha fatto sapere che almeno 10 000 bambini migranti e rifugiati sono scomparsi in Europa nel 2016; molti di questi minori vengono arruolati nel mondo della microcriminalità dove subiscono vari tipi di sfruttamento. Questi sono i numeri di un'Odissea.

È necessario e urgente mettere in campo una strategia globale volta a proteggere tutti i minori migranti, così come annunciato nell'agenda europea della migrazione; i minori non accompagnati devono essere tutelati e protetti contro ogni minaccia. Questa deve essere una priorità assoluta dell'Europa, l'Europa la facciamo anche così.

  Ruža Tomašić (ECR). – Gospodine predsjedniče, nestanak djece migranata u Europi u 21. stoljeću skandalozna je pojava pred kojom se doista trebamo sramiti. Jamčiti sigurnost onih koje odlučimo primiti, naša je dužnost i ova je užasna pojava još jedan pokazatelj da smo zagrizli više nego što možemo prožvakati.

Toleriranje ilegalne migracije ogromnih razmjera dovelo je do ovog sramotnog problema, i bez ozbiljne revizije naše useljeničke politike i politike azila, on neće biti riješen. Ilegalne migrante na naš teritorij dovode kriminalci, krijumčari ljudi. Što smo mi otvoreniji za takvu vrstu migracije, to više ljudi želi doći na takav način, a krijumčarima posao cvijeta.

Ono što se često ne uzima u obzir jest da kriminalci imaju svoje partnere u Europi pa im dio migranata, koji su nezaštićeni i predstavljaju laki plijen, samo prosljeđuju za druge kriminalne aktivnosti. Stanimo na kraj ilegalnoj migraciji i riješimo ovaj problem jednom zauvijek.

  Izaskun Bilbao Barandica (ALDE). – Señor presidente, comisario, esta declaración era imprescindible si tenemos en cuenta que Europol puso cifras para medir el problema: 10 000 menores no acompañados desaparecieron en 2015. Significa que en algún momento hubo constancia de dónde estaban y quiénes eran, pero lo peor es lo poco que sabemos de lo que ocurre con ellos y lo mucho, triste y grave, que podemos imaginar. Si las personas en busca de asilo son ya vulnerables, los menores, las mujeres y otros colectivos con necesidades especiales nos recuerdan la intensidad de un drama que necesita ya medidas urgentes.

La trata de seres humanos, que «caza» entre personas desesperadas y que se ayuda de nuevas tecnologías para encontrar a sus víctimas, se combate mejor con la cooperación policial y judicial, la definición de un delito específico, una atención especial en los puntos de entrada, con una rápida asignación de tutorías e inserción en programas de integración. Pero necesitamos, señor comisario, saber dónde están estos niños y necesitamos exigir a los Estados miembros su colaboración en estas políticas.

  Τάκης Χατζηγεωργίου (GUE/NGL). – Κύριε Πρόεδρε, ευχαριστώ τον κύριο Επίτροπο για τη συμβολή του στη συζήτηση. Εμένα, καταρχήν, με στενοχωρεί το ότι επαναλαμβάνουμε μια συζήτηση που έγινε προ έτους, πράγμα που δείχνει ότι, δυστυχώς, πολύ λίγα πράγματα καταφέραμε. Θα αποφύγω να πω ότι πρέπει να σταματήσουμε τις αιτίες που δημιουργούν το πρόβλημα, δηλαδή τους πολέμους, γιατί θα ακουστεί πρωθύστερο. Ήδη βρισκόμαστε μπροστά στο πρόβλημα και αυτό είναι που πρέπει να αντιμετωπίσουμε.

Υποστηρίζω όλες τις προτάσεις που ακούστηκαν γιατί κινούνται προς τη σωστή κατεύθυνση. Θέλω να υπογραμμίσω ιδιαίτερα την πρόταση να συζητηθεί το ζήτημα και στα εθνικά κοινοβούλια. Τα κράτη μέλη πρέπει να αναλάβουν τις ευθύνες τους. Τέλος, θέλω να πω κάτι που δεν έχει λεχθεί μέχρι στιγμής: πρέπει τα μέσα ενημέρωσης να ανοίξουν τα μάτια των πολιτών. Πρέπει να έχουν αυτό το θέμα στην ατζέντα τους, έτσι ώστε κάθε χρήσιμη πληροφορία να δίδεται εκεί που πρέπει.

  Julie Ward (S&D). – Mr President, the number of what we call unaccompanied minors has reached a record of more than 95 000 last year. Those children are at serious risk of abuse, trafficking and exploitation, and they experience dramatic situations on a daily basis. It is not a question of money. It is a question of political will. We are dealing with human beings, and the most vulnerable of human beings, children. We should not be lecturing other countries about human rights whilst we let this happen on our own continent.

Beyond the issues of relocation and procedure we must have put in place mechanisms to support and heal children who very often experience immense suffering and trauma, often resulting in serious mental health issues. This must be done by taking into account the special needs of children with disabilities, and young women and girls, and we must also give these children access to education. It is a human right.

  João Pimenta Lopes (GUE/NGL). – Senhor Presidente, escutámos as suas preocupações e prioridades espúrias e as intenções securitárias para resolver esta atroz realidade.

Registamos como sacodem a responsabilidade da violação dos direitos das crianças, uma violação que se soma às muitas violações de direitos humanos que hoje ocorrem em solo europeu e que resultam das vossas criminosas políticas migratórias.

Discutamos as causas deste flagelo. Discutamos como o Regulamento de Dublin e os objetivos da vossa revisão em curso do sistema de asilo desrespeita e impede o direito à reunificação e à vida familiar.

Falemos de como as vossas políticas de muros, de externalização de fronteiras, de retorno e de repulsão alimentam as redes de tráfico de seres humanos e a exploração sexual de mulheres e crianças.

Rejeitamos a vossa histeria securitária, que privilegia a identificação, a recolha de dados dactilográficos desde os seis anos e até a detenção, imagine-se, ao invés de garantir o cumprimento dos direitos fundamentais da criança à proteção e à integração. Tenham vergonha, Senhor Avramopoulos.

  Doru-Claudian Frunzulică (S&D). – Mr President, in January 2016 Europol revealed that at least 10 000 migrant and refugee children were missing in Europe. This is a terrible drama, a terrible strategy, and very difficult to explain. It is clear that Europe has to act to tackle the disappearance of migrant children with every possible means and as soon as possible.

I believe the Commission should inform us when it is going to present a comprehensive strategy to protect all children in migration, as announced last May in the European agenda on migration, and how it will address the clear conclusions and recommendations made during the 10th European Forum on the Rights of the Child and the ‘Lost in Migration’ Conference in Malta. Moreover, I would like to know what the Commission is doing to support Member States in relocating more children from Greece and Italy.

  Ελευθέριος Συναδινός (NI). – Κύριε Πρόεδρε, η αύξηση της εξαφάνισης παιδιών-μεταναστών εντός της Ένωσης δείχνει τον βαθμό σήψης του δυτικοευρωπαϊκού πολιτισμού. Συγχρόνως αποκαλύπτει την κουλτούρα και τη νοοτροπία του μεγαλύτερου μέρους της εξτρεμιστικής μουσουλμανικής κοσμικής θεώρησης, όπου η γυναίκα και το παιδί αποτελούν εκμεταλλεύσιμα προϊόντα. Εκατοντάδες οι αποδείξεις και τα στοιχεία που μαρτυρούν ότι τα εξαφανισμένα παιδιά πέφτουν θύματα παιδικής δουλείας και εμπορίας οργάνων.

Η ανθρώπινη ζωή παράγει χρήμα και η ανθρώπινη αξιοπρέπεια εξαγοράζεται. Διακινητές δουλέμποροι, αριθμός εργαζομένων σε ΜΚΟ, συμμετέχουν σε ένα διεθνές κύκλωμα που γιγαντώνεται λόγω της ανυπαρξίας, ανοχής και ανικανότητας της πολιτισμένης Ευρώπης. Μόνη λύση είναι ο πλήρης εθνικός έλεγχος των εξωτερικών συνόρων, όπου τα παιδιά θα τυγχάνουν της αρμόζουσας προστασίας και όπου οι διάφοροι επιτήδειοι και οι μουσουλμάνοι γονείς που εγκαταλείπουν τα παιδιά τους θα τιμωρούνται παραδειγματικά.

  Ana Gomes (S&D). – Senhor Presidente, desde que a Europa o revelou, em janeiro de 2016, que, então, já 10 000 crianças migrantes e refugiadas haviam desaparecido em solo europeu, que fizeram a Comissão e o Conselho para proteger estas crianças e muitas mais não acompanhadas que chegam à Europa e impedir que caiam nas mãos de traficantes de seres humanos, predadores de todo o tipo e redes criminosas, incluindo terroristas?

Na Suécia, há uns meses, polícias disseram-nos, contristados, que, se uma criança sueca desaparecesse, revolviam o país – mas, se fosse migrante ou refugiada, não havia meios.

Que Europa é esta em que, para tudo, os nossos governantes invocam razões de segurança, mas nela falham clamorosamente, falhando na recolocação e no reagrupamento familiar de refugiados, incluindo requerentes de asilo, incluindo menores, arrastando processos de nomeação de tutores, acesso ao ensino, aconselhamento legal, especializado e apoio psicológico, devolvendo crianças afegãs à procedência, a pretexto de que vêm de um “safe country”?

De facto, assim, alimenta-se o negócio sinistro dos traficantes e põe-se em causa a nossa segurança coletiva.

  Maria Grapini (S&D). – Mulțumesc, domnule președinte, domnule comisar, copiii trebuie protejați indiferent în ce țară trăiesc, așadar și copiii refugiați. Dacă cifra este adevărată, 35% dintre migranții intrați sunt copii neînsoțiți, numărul este enorm. Cum ajung acești copii neînsoțiți? Aici cred că trebuie să căutăm cauza și apoi soluțiile. Totdeauna trebuie să mergem la cauză. Este greu de crezut că minorii au decis să plece fără părinți. Mult mai sigur pare a fi de fapt traficul copiilor, traficul copiilor fără părinți.

Domnule comisar, eu cred că trebuie să acționăm pe două planuri. Primul plan este ca statele membre și Comisia să găsească soluții de protecție a copiilor care ajung în Europa, dar cealaltă soluție este să facem ceva să oprim conflictele.

Și vă întreb direct, domnule comisar, există în momentul de față o colaborare între instituțiile internaționale ONU, UNICEF, Comisia Europeană, Crucea Roșie Internațională, statele membre, organizații locale, pentru că altfel cauza nu va fi rezolvată și rămânem în continuare cu un flux de copii care vin în nesiguranță și sunt traficați. Mulțumesc.

(Koniec zgłoszeń z sali)

  Dimitris Avramopoulos, Member of the Commission. – Mr President, let me start by expressing my thanks for your contribution to this debate and for your interventions that call for actions to protect children. A few of you, I believe, did not hear my introductory remarks, but most of you were here, and I believe that the common conclusion is that we share the same concerns and objectives. I can assure you that the Commission is working on concrete and comprehensive actions to protect children in migration and offer them a future.

Tomorrow the Commission will adopt a package of reports that show that all actions are interlinked. Relocation – and this was underlined by some of you earlier – is the key solidarity measures also for migrant children, and I agree with you that that this situation is unsatisfactory. All migrants eligible in Greece and in Italy should be relocated before September. It is a deadline for all Member States, and I believe that all of them will take up their responsibilities and will move swiftly to the implementation of this relocation scheme. Relocation of unaccompanied minors should increase as a matter of absolute priority for us and for all of us. I said at the beginning that detention is a tool of last resort that should not be excluded per se, but only used in cases where it is in the best interest of the child.

Let me stress that the European legislation requires Member States to place minor migrants only in specialised detention centres that are adapted for migrants so that they have access to leisure activities. Sometimes, as I said before, this is for their own protection because let us be clear: the reality out there on the ground is not ideal. We have to prevent minors falling into the hands of unscrupulous smugglers and traffickers that wait outside open detention centres, so closed centres can be appropriate in some cases.

Some of you, like me, have been visiting these places. Children are the easiest victims of smugglers and traffickers. Colleagues, our primary, common goal is to protect children and I would like also to call on NGOs with expertise to support the authorities of Member States under pressure even more. The protection of children of course needs to be regulated, but it is the responsibility of our societies, of all of us as a whole, and the Commission has taken the lead on that but, as was said very correctly before, Member States should take their share and I fully agree with the proposal to sensitise and mobilise your colleagues in the national parliaments. We have to address this issue together, united, and I do not think there is one person among you, or among the Members of the Commission or among your colleagues in the national parliaments, that does not share our determination, our commitment, to safeguard and support this vulnerable group of the migrants that have decided to cross rough seas, fire, dictatorships, difficulties and dangers in order to come to Europe. It is our duty and it remains, as I said before, our top priority to address this very, very sensitive issue.

  Przewodniczący. – Dziękuję za tę ostateczną deklarację, którą pan złożył. Proszę zauważyć, że mówiliśmy o dzieciach. Nigdy nie mówiliśmy o uśmiechu dziecka, radości dziecka, wręcz o czymś zupełnie innym. Oczekujemy zatem na konkretne kroki.

Zamykam debatę.

Oświadczenia pisemne (art. 162)

  Jonathan Arnott (EFDD), in writing. – The scale of disappearance of migrant children is absolutely shocking. Research by Missing Children Europe estimates that up to 50% of unaccompanied children in certain reception centres in the EU go missing. We are told by Europol that there is a ‘tremendous amount of crossover’ between smugglers smuggling refugees across borders and gangs ensnaring people for forced sexual and labour exploitation. Yet the issue is not confined to the country of origin. If a child is abducted in Spain, they could easily travel as far as Sweden or any of a dozen countries without them or their kidnappers ever being subject to a passport check. The opportunity to catch the perpetrators is lost, and the problem is incredibly difficult to tackle when we do not even know which country a criminal or victim is in. If the European Union truly cares about security, it will rethink the Schengen Agreement, which leads to the unrestricted freedom of movement of traffickers and their victims.

  Miriam Dalli (S&D), in writing. – When historians look back at the migration crisis, there will be many things that they will say Europe should have done differently. Fifty per cent of all children who arrive at reception centres in Europe go missing, the majority of them lost within the first 48 hours of arrival.

These minors, who have very often been separated intentionally from their family members by traffickers, are often subjected to kidnapping, sexual exploitation, slavery, the tracking of organs, prostitution and even forced drug smuggling. This is not the life for a child. This has resulted in one of the largest atrocities of this migration crisis and it cannot continue to go ignored. But with only four Member States having legal or procedural regulations on missing migrant children, we still have a long way to go. I can think of no greater need for children, than the need for protection. And these children, like all children, deserve it too.

  Rosa D’Amato (EFDD), per iscritto. – I dati di Europol parlano chiaro e in Europa sarebbero scomparsi oltre 10 mila minori rifugiati.

Questi bambini, il più delle volte privi di documenti e spesso senza adulti che li accompagnano, rischiano di finire preda di organizzazioni criminali internazionali che hanno l'obiettivo di ridurli in schiavitù o di sfruttarli sessualmente, quando non addirittura per la compravendita di organi. Il panorama giuridico europeo è frammentato e farraginoso, privo di una strategia unitaria che possa permettere una lotta efficace alla sparizione dei minori migranti. Sarebbe invece opportuno intervenire tempestivamente per fare in modo che si adotti un protocollo unico, che consenta la loro identificazione al momento dello sbarco o comunque dell'arrivo, della loro registrazione in un database condiviso a livello UE e l'immediato affidamento a servizi di tutela dei minori.

In caso di sparizione sarebbe opportuno intervenire con la massima urgenza, diramando segnalazioni e avvisi a ogni autorità competente in ciascuno Stato membro. Serve inoltre una politica di contrasto duro ed efficace a ogni forma di sfruttamento e sottrazione dei minori immigrati e la Commissione dovrebbe agire in via prioritaria su questo argomento e non limitarsi a spendere parole, tanto belle quanto vacue.

  Kinga Gál (PPE), írásban. – A migránsok közül is az Európába igyekvő gyermekek vannak leginkább kitéve a zaklatás és a kizsákmányolás veszélyeinek, valamint ők esnek a leghamarabb az emberkereskedők áldozatául, ezért saját védelmük érdekében fontos, hogy regisztrálva legyenek, ezzel megakadályozva elkallódásukat. A migráns gyerekek eltűnését úgy lehet a leghatékonyabban megakadályozni, ha a hazájukhoz közeli táborok életkörülményeinek javítása révén el tudjuk érni, hogy életüket kockáztatva és számtalan veszélynek kitéve magukat ne kelljenek útra Európa felé.

Ennek egyik legfontosabb eleme a megfelelő oktatáshoz való hozzáférés biztosítása, ugyanis ez elengedhetetlen a gyermekek egészséges fejlődéséhez, de saját közösségük jövője szempontjából is - nem eshetnek ki egész generációk az oktatásból. De ugyanúgy fontos a megfelelő egészségügyi ellátás biztosítása is számukra. Magyarország is ezért támogatja a libanoni, jordániai, iraki menekülttáborokban az oktatás biztosítását, szorgalmazza kórház építését.

  Michela Giuffrida (S&D), per iscritto. – Il rapporto pubblicato dall'Unicef dall'emblematico titolo "Un viaggio mortale per i bambini" fotografa una situazione drammatica che per dovere morale, senso di giustizia, onestà politica e istituzione non possiamo non vedere.

Dei 181 436 migranti e profughi arrivati in Italia nel 2016, 28 223 sono minori. Nove su 10 sono minori accompagnati. Ogni giorno ne scompaiono 28. Dopo le violenze, le torture, i traumi di un viaggio attraverso l'inferno, in Europa non trovano una accoglienza adeguata, così molti scappano, fanno perdere le proprie tracce, continuano ad essere vittime perfette, perché indifese, di una criminalità senza scrupoli. Non ci sono minori migranti e minori europei, minori profughi e minori cittadini, ci sono bambini e ragazzi che l'Europa ha il dovere di distinguere dagli adulti. I minori hanno bisogno di cure diverse, di attenzioni diverse, di spazi dedicati e di un percorso, un progetto, che li possa portare, se non a dimenticare, a superare tanto dolore.

Oggi la Commissione europea approva la sue raccomandazioni per la politica di migrazione, che non possono non contenere un capitolo dedicato ai minori che scappano dalla guerra e arrivano in Europa. Regole che devono riguardare tutti gli Stati membri. Che nessuno si senta assolto, perché siamo tutti coinvolti.

  Jaromír Kohlíček (GUE/NGL), písemně. – V řadě zemí EU se v posledních dvou letech objevily tisíce nominálně nezletilých migrantů. Zdá se, že těží z informací o zvláštních podmínkách dětí, které jako migranti přijdou do EU. Vzhledem k tomu, že nemají žádné osobní doklady a věk se na pohled opravdu spolehlivě určit nedá, je řada těchto migrantů řazena mezi nezletilé na základě vlastního prohlášení. V proslulé „džungli“ u města Calais byli nominálně dospělí a nominálně nezletilí. Dospělí byli přemístěni do různých utečeneckých zařízení po celé Francii, zatímco „nedospělí“ se nakonec do Anglie dostali. Nejsem si jist, zda podobná politika je správná, ale chápu, že u mladších migrantů je větší šance ovlivnit jejich postoje výchovou. Přesto se nemohu ubránit přesvědčení o tom, že se o své občany má starat především země jejich původu, a nikoliv jimi zvolená a „zřejmě i někým doporučená“ země. V zásadě je jedno, zda se jedná o oficiálně pohřešované nedospělé migranty nebo o ty, jejichž pobyt je známý. V řadě zemí EU tyto postoje oficiálních míst výrazně zesilují xenofobní nálady a zvyšují preference extrémní pravice. Tím i narůstá riziko sebedestrukce projektu Evropské unie.

  Kati Piri (S&D), schriftelijk. – Duizenden alleenreizende kinderen zijn de afgelopen jaren zoek geraakt in Europa. Zij lopen het gevaar slachtoffer te worden van uitbuiting, gedwongen prostitutie, en zelfs illegale orgaanhandel. De EU en de nationale regeringen zouden er goed aan doen dit probleem hoog op de agenda te zetten, zowel voor de veiligheid van deze kinderen als voor onze eigen veiligheid. Zij zijn immers een makkelijke prooi voor georganiseerde misdaad en extremistische ronselaars.

Het is bizar dat Europa niet eens voor deze meest kwetsbare migranten kan zorgen. Onze regeringen moeten simpelweg zorgen voor fatsoenlijke opvang, betere monitoring en het nakomen van eerder gemaakte afspraken over de herplaatsing van vluchtelingen uit Griekenland en Italië. Zo zijn er in Griekenland 500 alleenstaande kinderen die al maanden aan alle voorwaarden voor herplaatsing voldoen, maar desondanks nog altijd niet door andere Europese landen zijn overgenomen. Het is een schande!

  Soraya Post (S&D), skriftlig. – 10 000 migrerande barn är försvunna i Europa. Dessa siffror hör vi om och om igen. Men de försvunna barnen är inte försvunna, de lever och finns mitt ibland oss. De försvinner av rädsla för att skickas tillbaka. När barnen inte har någon trygg plats tar de tillflykt till det ställe som tar emot dem. De hamnar hos organiserade gäng, de säljer droger för att överleva, de blir sexuellt utnyttjade, utan tillgång till skola, sjukvård eller någon av alla de rättigheter barn har. Det är vuxna som har tagit deras rätt till en trygg plats. Det är vuxna som tagit bort deras hopp. Vissa barn är så utlämnade att de väljer att ta sitt liv. Vi behöver ge dessa barn deras rätt till en självklar plats i världen: vi måste ge barnen uppehållstillstånd och göra det omedelbart genom en generell amnesti. Barnen behöver veta att de är önskade. Som Olof Palme sa: det finns inte dina ungar eller mina ungar, det finns bara våra barn. Och detta behöver barnen veta. I dag, i denna minut.

  Емил Радев (PPE), в писмена форма. – Информацията за изчезналите 10 000 деца мигранти е притеснителна по две причини. От една страна, това са деца, за които ние имаме задължението да се грижим с особено внимание, имайки предвид, че някои от тях са загубили родителите си. От друга страна, ако толкова много деца успяват да избягат от зоркото око на службите, представете си още колко и какви хора използват мигрантските маршрути, за да достигнат до Европа и после да изчезнат.

Необходими са повече действия на европейско ниво за защита на децата мигранти, като например борба срещу трафика на хора, предоставяне на специални грижи за непридружените деца, засилване на сътрудничеството и обмена на информация между службите за сигурност по отношение на изчезналите деца, дори и чрез създаване на специализиран отдел в Европол.

Необходимо е и чрез предстоящите промени на европейското законодателство да гарантираме, че непридружените деца мигранти получават квалифицирани и обучени настойници. Децата мигранти не са престъпници, но могат да се превърнат в такива, ако попаднат в ръцете на трафиканти на хора, организирани престъпни групи и дори терористични мрежи. Затова справянето с проблема на изчезналите деца мигранти е в интерес както на тяхната сигурност и благосъстояние, така и на европейската сигурност.

  Monika Smolková (S&D), písomne. – Lisabonská zmluva zakotvuje ochranu práv detí ako jednu z úloh Európskej únie, a to jednak vnútorne (v rámci EÚ), ako aj vo vzťahu k tretím krajinám. V posledných obdobiach do Európy, žiaľ, ročne prúdia tisícky detí pochádzajúcich z tretích krajín a migrujúcich bez sprievodu svojich rodičov alebo zákonných zástupcov. Dôvodov, prečo je tomu, tak je mnoho, no niektorí sú utečencami a utekajú pred vojnou, ozbrojeným konfliktom, prenasledovaním či diskrimináciou v krajine pôvodu. Je však mnoho detí, ktoré utekajú pred chudobou a v Európe hľadajú lepší život a prácu. Čo osobne považujem za najsmutnejšie, je to, že mnohé z týchto detí sú častými objektmi obchodovania s ľuďmi, nútenej práce či vykorisťovania. Ak by sme aj opomenuli motív cesty týchto migrujúcich detí, s ľútosťou musím konštatovať, že tieto deti sú extrémne zraniteľné a náchylné stať sa obeťou prostitúcie, zneužívania na pornografiu, otrokom detskej práce, obchodu s drogami a ďalších foriem zločinnosti. Za mimoriadne alarmujúci problém považujem miznutie migrujúcich detí, ktoré sú spomedzi migrantov najzraniteľnejšími, pretože v živote, kde sa ocitli, sú akoby neviditeľné a bez vlastného hlasu.

  Ελισσάβετ Βόζεμπεργκ-Βρυωνίδη (PPE), γραπτώς. – Ένα χρόνο μετά την κατάθεση σχετικής κοινοβουλευτικής ερώτησης για την εξαφάνιση, κατ’ εκτίμηση, 10.000 ανήλικων προσφυγόπουλων στην Ευρώπη, η κατάσταση όχι μόνο δεν έχει αλλάξει αλλά φαίνεται να είναι χειρότερη απ’ ότι γνωρίζουμε. Τα στοιχεία πλέον μιλούν ακόμη και για 30.000 αγνοούμενα παιδιά, τα οποία μέχρι στιγμής αδυνατούμε να εντοπίσουμε και να βοηθήσουμε να επανενωθούν με τις οικογένειες τους. Πολλά από αυτά πιθανολογείται ότι έχουν πέσει θύματα εκμετάλλευσης, ιδίως σεξουαλικής, από δίκτυα οργανωμένου εγκλήματος διακίνησης ανθρώπων και εμπορίας οργάνων (trafficking). Είναι γεγονός ότι η Ευρωπαϊκή Αστυνομική Υπηρεσία δεν διαθέτει ειδική μονάδα που να ασχολείται με τα αγνοούμενα παιδιά, ενώ ο συντονισμός των κρατών μελών στον τομέα αυτό είναι απογοητευτικός. Η καταγραφή των ανηλίκων με τη λήψη δακτυλικών αποτυπωμάτων, λαμβανομένης υπόψη της ηλικίας τους και σε κάθε περίπτωση, όχι σε ανήλικους κάτω των έξι ετών, είναι ένα σημαντικό μέτρο για να αποφύγουμε νέα φαινόμενα εξαφάνισης παιδιών. Επιπλέον, είναι κεφαλαιώδους σημασίας να υπάρξουν πιο αποτελεσματικοί ευρωπαϊκοί κανόνες, που να αναγκάζουν τα κράτη μέλη να συνεργάζονται μεταξύ τους αλλά και με τη EUROPOL, για να γεφυρωθεί το υπάρχον κενό στη διασυνοριακή συνεργασία. Τα παιδιά είναι η πιο ευάλωτη ομάδα των μετακινούμενων πληθυσμών και αποτελεί χρέος της πολιτισμένης Ευρώπης να προστατεύσει το μέλλον τους.