Πληρη πρακτικα των συζητησεων

Τετάρτη 24 Μαρτίου 2021 - Βρυξέλλες

26. Διαμόρφωση της πολιτικής για την ψηφιακή εκπαίδευση (συνοπτική παρουσίαση)

  Puhemies. – Esityslistalla on seuraavana lyhyt esittely Victor Negrescun mietinnöstä digitaalisen koulutuspolitiikan muotoilusta [2020/2135(INI)] (A9-0042/2021).

  Victor Negrescu, raportor. – Doamnă președintă, domnule comisar, dragi colegi, accesul la educație, inclusiv prin mijloace digitale, este un drept.

Pandemia a făcut din păcate ca milioane de cursanți din toată lumea să treacă aproape instantaneu la o formă de educație online, fără să fim pregătiți pentru acest lucru. În anumite state europene, cum este cazul în țara mea, România, aproape un milion de copii nu au mai avut acces la educație și din păcate la peste un an de la începerea pandemiei, în continuare, autoritățile nu au niciun fel de soluție.

Educația digitală nu înseamnă să dai unui cursant o tabletă, înseamnă instrumente, metode și resurse adecvate, platforme adaptate procesului educațional și investiții în pregătirea profesorilor și formarea continuă.

Educația online nu înlocuiește profesorii, dar instrumentele digitale, folosite corect, îi pot ajuta în procesul de predare. Este nevoie de măsuri adaptate care să țină cont de profilul cursantului și actul educațional, de aceea avem nevoie de măsuri pentru învățământul tehnic și altele pentru învățământul special, unele pentru educația continuă și măsuri specifice pentru educația preșcolară.

Am dezvoltat în ultimul an soluții pentru accesibilizarea educației digitale, am discutat cu profesori, părinți și cursanți, am interacționat cu autoritățile locale, parteneri sociali și ONG-uri din toată Europa și vă pot spune că situația este foarte gravă.

Pentru reușita digitalizării educației este nevoie ca toți acești actori să devină cocreatori ai transformării educației. De îndată ce un copil nu s-a mai putut conecta, acesta devine o victimă sigură a abandonului școlar. Un tânăr rupt de școală nu mai are alternative.

Realitatea este că, din păcate, nu suntem pregătiți pentru un nou val al pandemiei ce ar putea închide complet instituțiile de învățământ.

As Members of the European Parliament, we call for a European answer to the crisis faced by education. We need European policies in the field of digital education. Building a European education area by 2025 and fully implementing the European digital education action plan represent key steps. We appreciate the involvement of the European Commission team in charge of digital education and we call upon Member States to deliver the European targets by providing adequate resources and funding. We need to narrow the gap now, and the key is education in all policies.

Unfortunately, some European governments prefer ignoring European documents. This is why, in the draft working document of August last year, we started calling for a minimum allocation of 10% for education in the recovery and resilience plan. At the same time, it is important to respect the 20% earmark for the digital transformation. Therefore, we believe education should be better highlighted in the European Semester framework while at the same time adding an extended evaluation on digital education.

Je continue avec quelques propositions.

On sollicite une meilleure synergie entre les programmes et les politiques au niveau européen, avec une meilleure coordination et une implication directe du Parlement européen dans les applications d’éducation numérique. On demande que la plateforme européenne d’échanges soit finalisée et on a fait appel à la Commission pour développer une université européenne en ligne.

On doit investir dans l’infrastructure technique des établissements d’enseignement formels et non formels. C’est pour cela qu’on parle de l’internet comme étant un bien universel. On lance l’initiative européenne pour l’éducation liée à la robotique et à l’intelligence artificielle. On soutient l’idée d’un certificat européen pour les compétences numériques et on demande aux États membres d’investir davantage dans la formation des professeurs. On parle des risques liés à l’internet et à l’utilisation continue des moyens techniques, tout en soulignant l’importance des compétences initiales numériques et de l’éducation aux médias.

Je finirai en roumain.

Raportul nostru oferă soluții și arată ce putem face împreună la nivel european. Nicio strategie pentru digitalizarea educației nu se poate face fără oameni.

Așa că invitația mea este să-i implicăm pe toți cei care doresc pentru a construi o politică europeană în materie de educație digitală.

  Virginijus Sinkevičius, Member of the Commission. – Madam President, let me thank the rapporteur – the Vice—Chair of the Committee on Culture and Education – Victor Negrescu, the shadow rapporteurs and the entire Culture Committee for this excellent report.

The European Parliament and the European Commission are closely aligned in their ambition to achieve high-quality, inclusive digital education across the Union. Therefore, the Commission warmly welcomes the support of the European Parliament for the digital education action plan 2021—2027.

We had a challenging year, and the crisis is not over yet. Despite years of continuous work on digital education, education and training was one of the sectors most affected by the COVID-19 crisis. When it comes to distance learning, Member States showed different levels of preparedness and it is estimated that at least 100 million learners in Europe were affected by the crisis, especially young pupils.

The crisis was also the first distance-teaching experience of most teachers and educators. Parents also found it difficult to find a balance between supporting their children and working from home. The lessons are clear.

Firstly, there is a pressing need for more comprehensive, ambitious and long—term digital policies to ensure that all necessary conditions for digital education are in place – infrastructure, equipment, strategies, online learning content and adequate teacher training and pedagogies – and that people of all ages and backgrounds have the necessary digital skills and competences to live and thrive in the digital age.

Secondly, there is a need to focus on implementing these policies. With the recovery ahead of us, all citizens need to be ready to take an active part in the growing digital economy and society. This is the approach the Commission took when adopting the digital education action plan which is built around two priorities: the development of a high-performing digital education ecosystem and the enhancement of digital skills and competences for the digital transition.

The action plan contributes to the objectives of the European education area, the skills agenda, the recently adopted European Pillar of Social Rights action plan and the new digital decade communication. Through the digital education action plan, the Commission demonstrates its commitment to promoting digital education in an inclusive and lifelong-learning manner, fostering the development of digital skills and competences, including digital literacy and computer science. This extends to individuals who may already have left the formal education and training system and who may need help during the precarious school—to—work and job—to—job transition. That is also where our youth employment support comes into play, and in particular its strengthened Youth Guarantee, with a strong focus on helping unemployed or inactive young people reach a minimum level of digital skills.

The recently adopted Council recommendation on vocational education and training also puts a strong emphasis on the importance of digital provision of education and training. It foresees that vocational education and training institutions should have access to state-of-the-art infrastructure and have digitalisation strategies in place.

As a first deliverable of the digital education action plan in 2021, the Commission will propose a Council recommendation on distance and online learning. It will outline ways in which Member States could adapt their school systems to be more flexible and inclusive of a broad range of learner needs, changing circumstances and pedagogical approaches. The strategic dialogue with Member States on the enabling factors for successful digital education that will be launched this year will contribute to the discussion on how to address gaps in digital education.

In response to other important challenges, such as the use of artificial intelligence and data in education and the infodemic that accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic, the Commission has started work on ethical guidelines for teachers on artificial intelligence and data in education and training, as well as common guidelines on digital literacy and addressing disinformation.

With the digital education action plan, we have clearly outlined the strategic and long—term importance of digital education for the digital transformation in Europe and the need to act now. The strategic importance of digital education is further reflected in the recently adopted digital decade communication. In this communication, the Commission identified a digitally skilled population, widespread high-speed connectivity and the need for an effective digital education ecosystem as part of the long-term vision for the third decade of the 21st century.

The communication has digital skills as one of its four pillars and also refers to the principle of universal digital education and skills for people to take an active part in society and in democratic processes. The digital education action plan and the digital decade communication are a clear sign of the synergies and complementarity that must be ensured across digital policies.

To achieve our objective, however, we need to ensure that high-quality, inclusive digital education is a shared responsibility for our whole society. This calls for targeted efforts, including investments at European, national and regional level, and the active engagement of all stakeholders, policymakers, the education and training community, civil society and of course the private sector.

We also need stronger cooperation at EU level. One way to achieve this is through the digital education hub. The hub will be the interface for digital education at European level. Investing in digital education is at the core of long-term, effective digital education policies. At European level, Erasmus+, Horizon Europe, the Connecting Europe facility, Digital Europe and the Cohesion Fund support the creation of the digital education ecosystem and boost digital skills and competences. However, the key instrument in the short term is without any doubt the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which is at Member States’ disposal to directly address the areas where more support is needed.

Twenty per cent of the budget of the Recovery and Resilience Facility is dedicated to the Digital Transition. It’s already encouraging that digital education and skills are supported widely in the draft recovery and resilience plans submitted by Member States, and I’m delighted that Parliament is calling on Member States to invest even more.

The Commission remains committed to continue working with the Parliament in the implementation of the digital education action plan and to ensure that European education and training in the digital age are built on quality and resilience, and work for all citizens.

  Puhemies. – Keskustelu on päättynyt.

Äänestys toimitetaan huomenna 25.3.2021.

Kirjalliset lausumat (171 artikla)

  Andrea Bocskor (NI), írásban. – A koronavírus világjárvány következtében középpontba került a digitalizáció és a digitális oktatás kérdése. Egyik napról a másikra kellett átállni az online térben megvalósuló távoktatásra, ami sok kihívással járt a tanároknak, a diákoknak és a családoknak egyaránt. Mindeközben az európai polgárok jelentős része még mindig nem rendelkezik megfelelő digitális készségekkel, a digitális infrastruktúra, a szoftverek és az eszközök használata is nagy különbségeket mutat a korosztályok között. Különösen fontos, hogy valamennyi oktatási intézmény és diák hozzáférjen a szélessávú és gyors internethez, ami a digitális készségek fejlesztésének és a digitális oktatás előfeltétele.

Elengedhetetlen, hogy a vidéki kistelepüléseken élő tanulóknak is biztosítva legyen az internet hozzáférés. Felhívnám a figyelmet a személyes oktatás alapvető fontosságára. Az innovatív és modern oktatás érdekében minél inkább be kell vonni a digitális eszközöket is az oktatási folyamatba. Az online oktatás nem tudja hosszútávon helyettesíteni a személyes, osztálytermi oktatást, legfőképpen nem az oktatás alsóbb szintjén, de fontos megismertetni a digitális eszközök és programok felhasználási lehetőségeit a tanulókkal és szülőkkel egyaránt. A digitális térben zajló adminisztráció, kapcsolattartás elősegíti az oktatás zöldebbé, környezetbaráttá tételét. Sok a megoldandó feladat e téren, a Covid19-világjárvány egyértelmű hiányosságokat tárt fel az oktatás és a digitalizáció terén, amelyek kezelésére koordinált intézkedésekre és befektetésekre van szükség.

  Karol Karski (ECR), na piśmie. – Tak jak większość obszarów naszego życia sektor edukacji również ulega ciągłym przekształceniom, a nieodłączną częścią dzisiejszego procesu uczenia się i kształcenia są technologie cyfrowe. Projekt rezolucji bardzo dobrze identyfikuje wyzwania, ale i szanse związane z cyfryzacją edukacji.

Pandemia COVID-19 w istotnym stopniu wpłynęła na sposób realizacji kształcenia i potwierdziła znaczenie cyfrowej transformacji Europy. Nauczanie online wydaje się być jednym z najbardziej skutecznych sposobów kontynuowania edukacji w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Dlatego uważam, że fundusze europejskie należy inwestować w dalszy rozwój infrastruktury, zasobów cyfrowych i narzędzi, z których mogą korzystać bezpłatnie wszystkie zainteresowane strony, w szczególności uczniowie i nauczyciele.

Dostrzegam istotną potrzebę aktywnego wspierania przez UE reform dotyczących cyfryzacji kształcenia w państwach członkowskich i ich regionach. Dotychczasowe doświadczenie pokazuje, że należy zwrócić większą uwagę na zapewnienie państwom członkowskim wsparcia umożliwiającego im zakup sprzętu dla szkół i uczniów, który jest niezbędny do szerokiego wykorzystania ICT w procesie nauczania i uczenia się, a także w zarządzaniu szkołą.

Powszechne zastosowanie zdalnej edukacji wykazało, że nowoczesna infrastruktura cyfrowa jest koniecznością. Dlatego stworzenie warunków dla skutecznej e-edukacji powinno być także jednym z unijnych priorytetów. W tym kontekście szczególnie ważne jest, aby Komisja Europejska zapewniła większą synergię pomiędzy unijnymi programami a instrumentami na rzecz wsparcia cyfryzacji edukacji.

  Dace Melbārde (ECR), rakstiski. – Laba un iekļaujoša izglītība ir viens no veselīgas demokrātijas stūrakmeņiem un ilgtspējīgs ieguldījums sabiedrības nākotnē. Līdz ar tehnoloģisko progresu nepieciešamība pēc digitālajām prasmēm pieaug. Aizvien vairāk darbību un pat profesiju tiks daļēji vai pilnībā automatizētas, un lielākajā daļā darbu jau tagad ir nepieciešamība pēc vismaz pamata digitālajām prasmēm. Vidējā termiņā arvien vairāk algotiem darbiniekiem vajadzēs padziļinātu digitālo lietpratību. Īsumā, informācijas laikmets nesīs virkni pārmaiņas un izglītības sistēmām ir jāiet līdzi laikam. Dalībvalstīm, izmantojot ES līdzekļus, ir nepieredzēta iespēja investēt digitālās pārejas veicināšanai. Vismaz 20 % no Atveseļošanas un noturības mehānisma resursiem ir paredzēti digitālajai pārkārtošanai. Tāpat līdzekļus digitālās izglītības dažādu virzienu finansēšanai var rast arī no struktūrfondiem, kā arī no ES programmām, tostarp “Apvārsnis Eiropa” un “Erasmus+”. Skatoties plašāk, digitālo prasmju apgūšana ir projekts visa mūža ilgumā. Jau tuvā nākotnē cilvēks bez pienācīgām digitālajām prasmēm draud būt sociāli atstumts. Tāpēc valsts politikai būtu jākoncentrējas uz visām iedzīvotāju grupām, nevis tikai uz darbspējīgā vecuma iedzīvotājiem. Ir jānovērš digitālā plaisa, kas nozīmē, ka kvalitatīvai digitālajai izglītībai jābūt pieejamai ikvienam neatkarīgi no vecuma vai dzīvesvietas. Esmu optimistiska, ka Eiropas uzstādījumi digitālajai izglītībai apvienojumā ar izlēmīgu dalībvalstu rīcību nesīs vajadzīgās pārmaiņas digitalizācijas veicināšanā, kas savukārt palīdzēs paātrināt Eiropas ekonomikas atveseļošanos un uzlabos kontinenta konkurētspēju pasaulē.