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Procedimiento : 2020/0349(COD)
Ciclo de vida en sesión
Ciclo relativo al documento : A9-0290/2021

Textos presentados :

A9-0290/2021

Debates :

PV 03/05/2022 - 16
CRE 03/05/2022 - 16

Votaciones :

PV 21/10/2021 - 2
PV 21/10/2021 - 10
CRE 21/10/2021 - 2
PV 04/05/2022 - 8.2

Textos aprobados :

P9_TA(2022)0142

Acta literal de los debates
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Martes 3 de mayo de 2022 - Estrasburgo Edición revisada

16. Refuerzo del mandato de Europol: cooperación con entidades privadas, tratamiento de datos personales y apoyo en materia de investigación e innovación (debate)
Vídeo de las intervenciones
PV
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  Der Präsident. – Als nächster Punkt der Tagesordnung folgt die Aussprache über den Bericht von Javier Zarzalejos im Namen des Ausschusses für bürgerliche Freiheiten, Justiz und Inneres über den Vorschlag für eine Verordnung des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates zur Änderung der Verordnung (EU) 2016/794 in Bezug auf die Zusammenarbeit von Europol mit privaten Parteien, die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten durch Europol zur Unterstützung strafrechtlicher Ermittlungen und die Rolle von Europol in Forschung und Innovation (COM(2020)0796 – C9-0401/2020 – 2020/0349(COD)) (A9—0290/2021).

 
  
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  Javier Zarzalejos, rapporteur. – Mr President, in my capacity as rapporteur I am particularly honoured to address the Plenary on the new Europol Regulation. This Regulation, the new mandate for Europol, marks a substantial, I would say, leap forward in the capabilities of the Agency, in its ability to support Member States, in the governance framework and, last but certainly not least, in the enhanced system of safeguards that we have put in place.

This Regulation is the result of a shared concern about the need to have a better and more efficient instrument to support Member States in a security landscape with evolving and increasingly complex threats.

Let me underline that the Parliament has been at the forefront in promoting the Europol recast. I’d like to commend and express my appreciation for the work done by my colleagues, the shadow rapporteurs, from the very beginning of this process following the presentation of the legislative proposal by the Commission on 9 December 2020. We have dealt with sensitive issues from different views but we have been able to create an atmosphere of real cooperation and open exchange. No concern has been overlooked and no contribution has been disregarded. And let me add that in the best spirit of compromise even those outside the majority consensus can see some of the contributions reflected in this regulation.

We have established a sound legal basis for the analysis and processing of large and complex data sets, and accordingly, there will be extended information sharing and enforcement rights for the EDPS on Europol planned data processing operations.

Under the new mandate, Europol will cooperate effectively and directly with private parties for establishing jurisdiction. And will be allowed to exchange data with private parties directly in online crisis situations related to the massive dissemination of terrorist content and in the fight against child sexual abuse material online.

Europol will be able to support Member States in the use of emerging technologies and in developing common technological solutions. And under the new mandate, it will be possible for those projects to include the processing of personal data for the sake of security, subject to very tight safeguards.

The new mandate also provides for the capacity of Europol to propose Member States the entry of information alerts in the interest of the Union in the Schengen Information System, based on information received from third countries or international organisations.

The new mandate clearly improves and widens the scope of the cooperation with the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and with the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF).

Europol and EPPO should conclude a working arrangement setting out the modalities of their cooperation, taking due account of their respective competences.

The increase of the capacities should ultimately be matched by adequate resources for Europol. But more importantly it will be accompanied by more transparency, parliamentary oversight, greater democratic accountability and a wide array of safeguards that guarantee full respect for data protection. That is a major political achievement of the Parliament and it shows our ability to reach reasonable and workable compromises, first among us, the political groups represented in this Parliament, and then with the Council. And I have to commend the role the Commission has been playing.

I think that the Parliament has delivered on its duty. We have taken into account the new operational requirements of law enforcement, the necessary balance with the basic responsibilities of Members States, which remains in the hands of Member States, the conditions for an enhanced police cooperation and the safeguards and democratic oversight that go along these developments.

A better governance, an efficient system of oversight and controls proportionate to the new capabilities that we place on the Agency will only result in a better and more efficient Europol which is fit for the challenge. That is exactly what this regulation is all about.

 
  
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  Ylva Johansson, Member of the Commission. – Mr President, let me start by warmly thanking the rapporteur, Javier Zarzalejos, for excellent and constructive work done on this file on the new Europol mandate, together with all the shadow rapporteurs. I think your common work really made it possible for us to have constructive negotiations in the trilogue and a swift agreement.

Since the Commission proposed Europol’s new mandate, the unthinkable happened. We did not expect war crimes committed in Europe. The Ukrainian prosecutor-general identifies thousands of suspected Russian war crimes – looting, murder, torture and rape.

A joint investigation team will collect evidence. Europol is ready to support a joint investigation team and work with Eurojust when needed and when requested. We did also not expect millions of Ukrainian refugees coming into the EU. Millions of women and children exposed to the danger of trafficking.

To fight this threat, Europol has set up a special task force to fight trafficking in human beings. Its new mandate will help Europol to step up the fight against these new threats, against all threats and against potential threats. Europol can help to organise a law enforcement response to major cross-border cyber attacks and help to prevent infiltration by foreign fighters.

The compromise you found allows Europol to propose to Member States to issue alerts on suspected terrorists into the Schengen database. What we did expect when we put forward Europol’s new mandate was the need to fight crime in a digital age.

In a digital age, the clues to solving crimes are in the cloud, clues that can save lives and stop criminals, terrorists or child abusers, on services in data centres, often across national borders.

Europol will soon be able to get data directly from private companies and analyse it to identify which Member States should open an investigation.

The political agreement that you reached is very important. It makes sure Europol can continue to process large volume of data. That’s one of the main reasons I proposed to boost Europol’s mandate in the first place. Europol must have legal clarity because processing big data is key to solving almost all serious organised crimes.

Just one example. In October 2017, a Maltese journalist was murdered when a bomb went off in her car. Daphne Caruana Galizia, honoured by you, by this House, by the European Parliament, with a special prize for journalists awarded in her name. Europol supported the investigation, helping to compare data from telecom masts with billing information, with the suspects’ smartphones, laptops and storage devices.

These proceedings have taken years and are not yet over. One killer has been convicted. Other suspects are still in custody. And that’s why it’s important that the new mandate makes clear there is no doubt Europol can analyse and store information while an investigation continues, while national authorities are authorised to use the data. This is Europol’s core task, to support national law enforcement in their investigations.

If processing big data is key to fighting crime, artificial intelligence is the only way to analyse big data. In the Encrochat case alone, French and Dutch police captured 120 million text messages.

Europol has 536 people working in its operational department. They can’t process that without technology. That’s more than 200 000 messages each. And the clock is ticking. Delays cost lives. So Europol built an artificial intelligence tool to support the Encrochat investigation, to look for key words hinting at violence and murder in different languages, even in slang, allowing police to investigate these crimes and to stop murders from happening.

With its new mandate, Europol can greatly step up on research with a stronger role in advising on priorities of the EU security research agenda and an increased research staff – almost ten-fold to 33 – and with budget for innovation projects increased to EUR 45 million and with a strong legal basis to develop IT tools of artificial intelligence, not only limited to specific operations like Encrochat, but also to develop general law enforcement tools, for example, tools to fight child sexual abuse more effectively.

Europol must keep on file all information on IT tools and algorithm for defence lawyers to access if needed. This is unique in the world, a model of transparent and responsible law enforcement innovation. A stronger mandate for Europol comes with stronger safeguards. A reinforced data protection network, a new fundamental rights officer – that was a strong wish of the European Parliament – and greater powers for oversight for the Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny Group on Europol.

Protecting security and upholding fundamental rights go hand in hand. Values are at the heart of the new mandate. Europol will soon be able to propose Member States to investigate crimes without a cross-border element, crimes that don’t cross national borders but do violate other boundaries – our common Union interests and our fundamental values.

Now we need to take the next step to get a new mandate fully operational. When you vote on this mandate tomorrow, it will be a bad day for criminals and a good day for Europol. Thank you for your support, for your excellent work on this important proposal.

 
  
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  Jeroen Lenaers, on behalf of the PPE Group. – Mr President, Europeans rightly expect a high level of security in the European Union, and this is why a strong Europol has always been and will always be a key priority for our group. And this is also why this new mandate is such a good thing, because the threats of today and tomorrow are not the same as those of yesterday, and so must be our response.

Crime is becoming ever more digital, and we need to ensure that law enforcement can rely on the right tools to take on these criminals. The mandate that we are voting on tomorrow does exactly that. First, through direct cooperation with private parties, by being able to receive data from them directly, the agency can tap into an important source of relevant information, and it can make sure that that information gets to the right authority in the right Member State. Law enforcement in the EU as a whole will be better equipped to fight sexual abuse, terrorism and serious crime.

Second, through its improved capacity to process large and complex data sets, Europol was already the expert in this field and will become even more so. And thirdly, through research and innovation, Europol is perfectly placed to monitor emerging technologies and to develop ways of using them to keep our citizens better protected. These very important steps amend the central role of Europol in the European security architecture, and it does so in a very European way by also matching it with increased safeguards.

So the only thing I would like to add is to add my congratulations to rapporteur Zarzalejos for this excellent work.

 
  
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  Paul Tang, on behalf of the S&D Group. – Mr President, as someone said, this debate is scheduled at the end of today’s plenary agenda – the graveyard shift – not because of the wonderful contributions by all the speakers, but because this debate revolves around one of the most difficult questions we face again and again in this Parliament, a question that is relevant to all citizens and thus to all parliamentarians: what is the right balance between protecting fundamental rights and the public interest?

In the Netherlands, we have seen an awful example of where this balance tipped over. Central to the child benefit scandal was a blacklist of potential fraudsters that turned innocent citizens into defenceless victims through the abuse of data.

Indeed there is a thin line between risk—based objective investigations and unfair prosecutions and trials. To prevent us from crossing this thin line, we need safeguards. We need effective redress methods, independent audits and strict data retention periods.

Of course, let me be clear, cooperation of law enforcement agencies across national borders is inevitable to be effective against international crime. There’s no doubt about that. However, the provisional agreement we are discussing lacks the safeguards that I’ve been looking for and, at the same time, also opens the door to real—time biometric recognition. The agreement may very well cross the thin line between risk—based investigations and unfair prosecution. It should worry parliamentarians, and most certainly EU citizens.

 
  
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  Dragoş Tudorache, on behalf of the Renew Group. – Mr President, Commissioner, criminals do not stand still. In fact, they are often faster, more agile, more innovative in deploying new technologies for criminal purposes. In the real world this translates into innocent people being trapped into fraud, children being exploited for sexual purposes and terrorists achieving their goals. We therefore need law enforcement that is competitive in the digital age, law enforcement able to innovate and leverage cutting—edge technology to fight crime, to enforce law and to keep our societies safe.

And that is what we as legislators have well understood and have diligently done with this new mandate that we entrust tomorrow to Europol. We have also strengthened democratic oversight, safeguards, transparency because the rights of our citizens and the values of our Union come first. But as we act responsibly and diligently as legislators, so too Europol must understand that their new mandate is not a blank cheque. They hold vast amounts of data which they now must manage with utmost responsibility and in full alignment with EDPS. They receive new investigative powers for which they are accountable in terms of respecting procedural rights. For that, they’ll have a human rights officer in their ranks who must be given the space and the resources to perform his or her role properly.

I therefore call on Europol and on the Commission as the guardian of our rules in the EU to take these new functions very seriously, to internalise the duty of care they have towards our European citizens and the scrutiny they owe towards this Parliament that represents them.

 
  
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  Saskia Bricmont, au nom du groupe Verts/ALE. – Monsieur le Président, Europol est-elle en passe de devenir la NSA européenne: analyse illégale de données personnelles, développement de la reconnaissance faciale, mise à l’écart du protecteur européen des données, surveillance de masse, fichage de militants politiques, coopération avec des États-tiers qui nous espionnent?

Venue légaliser les pratiques illégales, la réforme de l’agence de coopération policière européenne, présentée comme technique, a été proposée sans évaluation ni étude d’impact, alors qu’elle étend considérablement les pouvoirs de l’agence. Les impacts des missions d’Europol sur les droits fondamentaux sont pourtant bien réels, et en tant que législateur, il nous revient de les protéger efficacement.

Certes, nous avons obtenu la mise en place d’un officier des droits fondamentaux et d’un forum consultatif. Ce sont là des évolutions positives, mais largement insuffisantes pour garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux des citoyens en Europe et ailleurs.

Dans une démocratie, le contrôle démocratique des activités d’une agence en charge de la coopération policière est indispensable. En cette Journée internationale de la liberté de la presse, voir mon propre pays, la Belgique, reculer de douze places dans le classement de Reporters sans frontières parce que les journalistes y sont victimes de violences, notamment par la police, me confirme que nous n’appréhendons pas les questions de sécurité par le bon bout.

Chers collègues, j’ai la conviction profonde que cette réforme n’est pas la bonne et que nous ne pouvons certainement pas prendre le risque qu’Europol sombre dans les mêmes travers que la NSA.

 
  
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  Rob Rooken, namens de ECR-Fractie.(begin van de redevoering naast de microfoon) ... van Europol. Tot op heden voerden lidstaten de gegevens over de verdachten in het Schengeninformatiesysteem in. Als u hier allen instemt met dit voorstel, geeft u Europol het recht om ook zelf gegevens in te voeren, zelfs voor mensen die nooit veroordeeld zijn. Dat is weer een stap dichter bij een federale EU-politiemacht. Daartegen heb ik precies dezelfde bezwaren als tegen veel andere federale agentschappen: ver van de burger, niet transparant en niet afrekenbaar. De Europese Toezichthouder voor gegevensbescherming concludeerde in januari nog dat Europol jarenlang illegaal gegevens van niet-verdachte personen heeft opgeslagen. In plaats van daarmee te stoppen, vragen ze nu u en mij om de verruiming van hun bevoegdheden om op deze manier dit gedrag wit te kunnen wassen. Dit is niet een EU die we willen. De Commissie heeft nota bene altijd de mond vol van de rule of law. Staan deze EU-agentschappen boven de wet? Wat mij betreft niet. Ik reken op u, geachte collega’s, stem dit voorstel weg.

 
  
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  Clare Daly, on behalf of The Left Group. – Mr President, I can honestly say that it was an absolute pleasure to work with our incredibly capable rapporteur. He is inclusive, diligent and I have no hesitation in saying that the legislation has been improved under his stewardship and it has the stamp of the European Parliament on it for sure, and we can take some pride in that.

But for us, the legislation, unfortunately, has a number of shortcomings which won’t enable us to support it. It empowers Europol to gather unlimited and uncontrolled amounts of data, including from private parties such as social media and content from hacked phones and computers. And as we all know, data is power. Whoever holds it has control over our identities, our movements, our freedoms. And for one, opaque policing service to harvest large quantities of it in the name of enhanced security is, frankly, for us, terrifying. Greater security can’t align with the degradation of our right to personal privacy or the violation of human rights.

And Europol intends to use this newly acquired big data to feed into research projects on AI and data driven policing. The Parliament has been clear on this before that practices such as mass data harvesting, automated surveillance, predictive identification entails high risks for discriminatory policing, which would be targeted against the most vulnerable – migrants, refugees and so on who’ve already been at the receiving end.

So, we have to be careful once we set something in motion, the technologies are here for good.

 
  
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  Frances Fitzgerald (PPE). – Mr President, we know that criminal networks extend across borders. In Ireland, in recent weeks, we have seen the effectiveness of cross—border cooperation in tackling international gangland crime and ensuring that no lawbreaker is untouchable.

Europe must take the same approach to cross—border crime. The security of our citizens should be our number one priority. I know from experience as Minister for Justice the tireless work done by Europol and by our police forces, and I want to pay tribute to them. It is vital that they are fully supported by the political systems in their work.

This is why today’s debate on Europol is so important because Europol exists to tackle cross—border crime in Europe by working with national justice systems. We must ensure it has the resources and the technologies, as the Commissioner has said, to do its job effectively. Today’s proposal will make it easier for Europol to process complex data, as they must, to initiate effective investigations, as they must, use information to tackle online terrorist content, and cooperate on cases more effectively with non—EU countries.

I also welcome the creation of a Fundamental Rights Officer within Europol to ensure that data is not misused. It is very important that innocent people’s rights are protected and that citizens can have confidence in the administration of justice. Critical for our democracies, it is not only important that people are safe, but that they feel safe. There should be no safe haven for lawbreakers.

 
  
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  Evin Incir (S&D). – Herr talman! Den organiserade brottsligheten och terrorismen riskerar att splittra sönder våra samhällen. Den tar livet av våra barn och unga. Det gör ont i hjärtat och jag fylls av ilska varje gång jag läser att en ung människa har mördats eller kvinnor utsatts för trafficking. Vi måste därför göra allt vi kan för att knäcka den grova brottsligheten.

70 procent av de grova organiserade gängen är aktiva i fler än tre länder. När brottsligheten inte ser några nationsgränser måste politiken säkerställa att vi bekämpar dem gemensamt. Allting annat vore naivt. Samarbete är nyckeln.

När vi bekämpar brott måste vi dock säkerställa att vi inte riskerar att underminera våra grundläggande fri- och rättigheter och kränka rättsstatens principer. Det är helt avgörande att vi har skyddsåtgärder på plats för att förebygga missbruk och skydda oskyldiga människors integritet. Jag välkomnar detta förslag om att stärka Europols mandat, men jag är besviken, måste jag säga, över just bristen på tillräckligt starka skyddsåtgärder. Vid inhämtandet av stora mängder personuppgifter uppkommer nämligen också stora risker för missbruk.

Jag hade också önskat starkare skydd för att säkerställa att det nya mandatet inte riskerar att utsätta människor för rasism och diskriminering, som redan idag sker. Den grova brottsligheten ska bekämpas och måste bekämpas med full kraft. Men jag är samtidigt fullt övertygad om att vi hade kunnat göra det med ett ännu bättre förslag med ännu starkare skyddsåtgärder.

 
  
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  Lena Düpont (PPE). – Herr Präsident! Wenn wir uns die Geschichte der europäischen Innenpolitik, des Raums der Freiheit, der Sicherheit und des Rechts anschauen, haben wir gleichzeitig einen kurzen und einen langen Weg hinter uns. Es ist eines der jüngsten Politikfelder, tief in der Souveränität der Mitgliedstaaten verankert, gleichzeitig ein Feld mit nicht nur enormem Potenzial in der Zusammenarbeit, sondern auch eines, in dem das Vertrauen der Mitgliedstaaten untereinander auf eine neue Ebene gehoben wird, in dem das Vertrauen der Bürger in das Sicherheitsversprechen die Richtschnur unseres Handelns ist. Damit hängen Erwartungen zusammen, Hoffnungen, Lehren, Erwartungen an die Sicherheit, Hoffnung auf Schutz vor Kriminalität, vor Terror, vor Cyberkriminalität, Lehren aus der richtigen Balance zwischen Datenschutz und Sicherheit.

Denn im digitalen Zeitalter verändert sich das Bedrohungsumfeld rasant. Terroristische Gruppen, kriminelle Netzwerke treffen sich nicht mehr in dunklen Hinterhöfen. Sie kommunizieren über verschlüsselte Kanäle. Sie begehen Verbrechen über das Internet und finanzieren ihre Aktivitäten über internationale Finanzströme.

Mit der Mandatsreform geben wir Europol die nötigen Instrumente an die Hand, um die wachsenden Anforderungen auch in der virtuellen Welt wirksam zu erfüllen. Dank der exzellenten Arbeit meines Kollegen Javier Zarzalejos ist es gelungen, die Agentur entscheidend zu stärken, unsere Kampfansage an kriminelle Strukturen zu unterstreichen, eine gute Balance im Sinne der Grundrechte zu finden.

Europol ist eines unserer Flaggschiffe im Kampf gegen Verbrechen, gegen die Verbreitung von Missbrauchsdarstellung, organisierte Kriminalität, Terror, Geldwäsche und vieles mehr.

Hat Europol alle Instrumente in der Hand, die es dafür braucht? Aus meiner Sicht noch nicht. Aber in dieser Woche wird ein entscheidendes, ein enorm wichtiges Instrument dazu kommen.

 
  
 

Spontane Wortmeldungen

 
  
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  Stanislav Polčák (PPE). – Pane předsedající, já jsem přesvědčen, že potřebujeme pevný právní základ pro nakládání s takto citlivými osobními údaji, a proto tento návrh nařízení a i zprávu zpravodaje vítám. Je jasné, že čelíme celé řadě kybernetických útoků, ostatně jsme o tom mluvili již v předchozí debatě, a musíme reagovat na nové teroristické výzvy. Těch možností, jak reagovat, je samozřejmě celá řada. Od té spolupráce se soukromými společnostmi, samozřejmě rozšiřování, varování před teroristy, to jsou všechno osobní údaje, s nimiž pracujeme. Zároveň bych ale rovněž chtěl vyzdvihnout potřebu jasných právních garancí nezneužití těchto údajů a postupování podle přesně daných právních pravidel, tzn. transparentnost v tomto postupu, parlamentní dohled a samozřejmě i určitý bezpečnostní mechanismus. Myslím si, že můžeme budovat lepší a bezpečnější Europol, ale s jasnými garancemi.

 
  
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  Juan Fernando López Aguilar (S&D). – Señora presidenta, comisaria Johansson, lo ha oído usted con claridad, el Parlamento Europeo es bien consciente de que en los años de pandemia se ha producido un incremento exponencial de la cibercriminalidad —como el phishing o el abuso sexual en línea— que requiere un refuerzo del mandato de Europol para manejar big data, pero hacerlo de manera siempre consistente frente a la globalización y la revolución tecnológica y con el estándar europeo de protección de derechos fundamentales, que es el más alto del mundo.

Es por eso que ha escuchado usted con insistencia el mensaje de que es imprescindible salvaguardar, en este refuerzo del mandato de Europol para cooperar con terceros Estados, con actores privados, en el manejo de big data y en su capacidad de luchar contra la criminalidad grave transnacional, el estándar europeo de protección de los derechos fundamentales.

Creo que este es el mensaje que surge con claridad de este debate y es por eso que es importante que en el Reglamento se contemple la incorporación del agente de derechos fundamentales, que es lo que hemos exigido en la renovación de cada agencia que responde ante el Parlamento Europeo y, en particular, la Comisión de Libertades, Justicia e Interior.

 
  
 

(Ende der spontanen Wortmeldungen)

 
  
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  Ylva Johansson, Member of the Commission. – Thank you and thank you very much for the debate. Europol was created to facilitate police cooperation and support national law enforcement investigations. When terrorist and organised criminal groups are becoming more violent, more international, more digital and deeply involved in corruption, the tools for law enforcement must develop. And to be able to deliver on its core a task for Europol to facilitate police cooperation and support national law enforcement investigations, Europol really needs this new mandate. Hopefully it will get it, thanks to the excellent work by the rapporteur Javier Zarzalejos and together with the shadow rapporteurs have been working very constructively together with the Council to find this good compromise.

Many of you here in the debate have raised the very important issue of safeguards and transparency, especially when it comes to handling personal data and big data. I should say that thanks to the constructive works in the trialogue, we have that now in place in the new mandate. Europol will represent a model of transparent and responsible law enforcement innovation. And I’m proud of that.

 
  
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  Javier Zarzalejos, rapporteur. – Mr President, Madam Commissioner, at this time of the evening I think that it is not the support some of you have expressed, but your physical presence in the hemicycle that I really have to thank you for.

Let me just say that Europol’s record is a success and we have to prolong and to strengthen that success, that I am aware of the doubts and the criticism that has been expressed from some groups and some Members. I regret to say that some of them stem from an utterly inaccurate representation of what the regulation says. For example, Europol is not allowed, and won’t be able, to enter alerts from the Schengen information system on its own, and certainly not on persons who have no relation with any criminal activity. That is simply false.

But let me stress that, once the regulation is in place, we will all have a different and a new role. There will obviously be a new role for Europol – a new mandate, new responsibilities, new capabilities. There will be a new role for the Commission, of course. Some of the new duties brought back about the development and implementation of the Europol regulations are, and will be, very important. There will be a new role for the EDPS in reinforced intervention in the activity of the agency. And there will be a new role for Parliament and the instruments that we have placed in the hands of Parliament to increase and strengthen democratic oversight.

I think that if we all use the instruments that the new regulation places in our hands, Europol will be better and all these doubts will simply disappear.

 
  
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  Der Präsident. – Die Aussprache ist damit geschlossen.

Die Abstimmung findet morgen, Mittwoch, 4. Mai 2022, statt.

 
Última actualización: 1 de julio de 2022Aviso jurídico - Política de privacidad