In a recent study entitled ‘Invading Refugees’ Phones: Digital Forms of Migration Control’(1), a German NGO sheds light on how the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees is using mobile data extraction technology to identify asylum applicants.

1. Do Frontex or other EU agencies use or provide such technology to determine identities? If so, please outline this information by company, including what kind of software is used and where (i.e. in which countries).

2. How many asylum applications were rejected because the personal mobile data of the applicant suggested that they were actually from a safe third country and not the country they claimed? Please list by authority and year.

3. Algorithms can be used to examine asylum, visa and residency permits or to assess risks related to an applicant, but the specifics of these practices may not always be public. What information does the Commission have about the Member States’ current practices in each of these fields? Please list by country and authority.