3. Mobilisation of the European Globalisation Adjustment Fund for Displaced Workers – application EGF/2022/000 TA 2022 – Technical assistance at the initiative of the Commission
Text as a whole without the words: ‘gender, LGBTIQ+ people’
Second part
those words
§ 98
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘by state entities, such as Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Hungary, Poland, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Azerbaijan’
Second part
those words
§ 135
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘notes that the Council should be able to decide on sanctions related to foreign interference by majority vote, rather than unanimity’
2nd part
those words
Recital X
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘related to topics including, but not limited to, gender, LGBTIQ+, sexual and reproductive health and rights, and minorities is a form of disinformation that’
Second part
those words
The Left
Recital BG
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘between Russian officials and representatives of a group of Catalan secessionists in Spain, as well’
Second part
those words
Miscellaneous
The PPE Group had withdrawn the last phrase of Amendment 10: ‘calls for the urgent review of Ukraine’s application to the NATO Cooperation Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (CCDCOE) and for all CCDCOE members to support this application;’
14. Citizenship and residence by investment schemes
Report: A9-0028/2022 (Sophia in 't Veld) (Majority of Parliament’s component Members required to adopt the motion for a resolution)
Subject
Am No
Author
RCV etc.
Vote
RCV/EV – remarks
§ 8
2
PPE
RCV
+
625, 27, 26
After § 22
3
Renew, PPE, S&D
RCV
+
621, 7, 45
Recital H
1
PPE
RCV
+
625, 8, 45
Motion for a resolution (as a whole)
RCV
+
595, 12, 74
15. Engaging with citizens: the right to petition and refer to the European Ombudsman, the European Citizens’ Initiative
Text as a whole without the words: ‘to adopt a binding interinstitutional agreement on the handling of petitions in order’
Second part
those words
§ 38
First part
‘Calls on the Ombudsman to look more closely at the manner in which EU funds and the EU budget are spent, and to check that the Union’s interests are not undermined by breaches of the rule of law, any infringement of the EU’s principles and values, corruption or conflicts of interest, especially in the context of Next Generation EU, the European recovery plan;’
Second part
‘emphasises that respect for the rule of law is an essential condition for access to EU funds; takes the view that this conditionality concerning respect for the rule of law and the fact that the European Union does not compromise on its values are factors that strengthen citizens’ trust in the Union and show the EU’s firm commitment to democratic quality throughout its territory;’
§ 50
First part
‘Calls for Parliament’s role to be further enhanced and for its links with civil society organisations to be enhanced with regard to specific valid ECIs and their implementation by the Commission; believes that in the specific cases in which the Commission fails to publish its intentions within the given deadline in accordance with Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2019/788, or set outs in a communication that it intends not to take action on an ECI which has met the procedural requirements, namely that the initiative respects EU primary law and is not contrary to the values of the Union as set out in Article 2 TEU and the rights enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Parliament could decide to follow up on the ECI with a legislative own-initiative report (INL) in accordance with Rule 222 of its Rules of Procedure;’
Second part
‘urges the Commission to commit to submitting a legislative proposal following Parliament’s adoption of any such INL; believes that if such a case were to occur, the Commission should carry out a thorough re-evaluation of its initial response and thereby fully respect Parliament’s INL; asks that Regulation (EU) 2019/788 be amended to incentivise the Commission to table a proposal for a legal act provided that the ECI submission meets the relevant requirements;’
§ 70
First part
‘Insists on the need for Parliament to discuss the role and the size of the Committee on Petitions; points out that giving greater consideration to citizen’s demands can only be achieved if a competent body takes charge of the follow-up;’
Second part
‘highlights that currently the Committee on Petitions is neither large enough nor has sufficient powers to satisfy the demand among citizens for its assistance;’
16. General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030 ***I
‘Notes that the percentage of women Members has slightly decreased since the end of last term from about 39.6 % to 39.1 %; welcomes Parliament’s leadership in this area, nevertheless, including its progress on female political representation, which is higher than the 30.4 % average across the national parliaments of the Member States and is significantly higher than the worldwide average of 25.2 % for national parliaments; welcomes that some Member States and political parties have introduced rules to ensure gender balance in their electoral lists’
Second part
‘and insists on the need to ensure gender balance through zipped lists or other equivalent methods in the upcoming revision of the EU electoral law’, so that female and male candidates have an equal chance to be elected;’
§ 27
First part
‘Calls for the inclusion of the Gender Mainstreaming Network in the Rules of Procedure to reflect its role promoting gender mainstreaming in the activities of parliamentary committees and delegations; requests that the necessary resources to carry out its functions and produce relevant recommendations be put in place;’
Second part
‘calls for the inclusion of a standing discussion item in the agendas of committee meetings;’
§ 48
First part
‘Regrets the Council’s lack of commitment to delivering legislation with a gender perspective and reiterates its requests to unblock the EU ratification of the Istanbul Convention,’
Second part
‘the horizontal anti-discrimination directive, which will ensure that the intersectional dimension is taken into account when combating gender discrimination,’
Third part
‘and the women on boards directive;’
The Left
Amendment 10
First part
‘Strongly encourages political groups to jointly appoint a woman and a man as co-chairs;’
Second part
‘proposes, therefore, that a requirement to designate joint male and female chairs as the heads of political groups be incorporated into Rule 33(5) of the Rules of Procedure as a condition for the establishment of a political group; emphasises that this change would simply entail the inclusion of the names of the two co-chairs in the declaration of the establishment of the group, in addition to the name of the group, the political declaration setting out the aims of the group, and the names of its members and the members of its bureau;’
§ 23
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘that guarantee Members the ability to continue working while’ and ‘maintaining the possibility of remote voting while on leave or’
Second part
those words
ID
§ 8
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and anti-gender’
Second part
those words
§ 10
First part
‘Encourages the Member States to take account of the need for gender inclusive parliaments when drafting revisions to their electoral laws;’
Second part
‘further encourages national political parties to introduce quotas when deciding on electoral candidates, even if the law does not provide for it;’
Third part
‘calls for support mechanisms and best practices to be shared with political parties to that end;’
Fourth part
‘stresses that in order to ensure the presence of women candidates, internal party organisation and procedures must be gender responsive by including measures such as, explicitly addressing gender equality in party rules, establishing gender quotas for decision-making roles and ensuring the existence of well-functioning forums for lobbying, advocacy and discussion, including women’s wings and committees;’
§ 12
First part
‘Welcomes the fully gender-balanced Bureau of Parliament with 8 female Vice-Presidents out of 14 and 2 female Quaestors out of 5; notes, however, that only 3 out of 7 of Parliament’s political groups have women as chairs or co-chairs, 11 out of 27 committees are currently chaired by women and 13 out of 44 delegation chairs are women; calls for gender balance in the leadership of committees, delegations and political groups to be improved;’
Second part
‘welcomes the amendment to Rule 213(1) of Parliament’s Rules of Procedure requiring the bureau of each committee to be gender balanced; regrets, however, that this amendment will enter into force only at the opening of the first part-session following Parliament’s next elections, due to be held in 2024;’
§ 56
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘that an analysis of the distribution and design of Parliament’s toilets be carried out to assess the need to adapt them to the requirements of all genders, including through measures such as introducing gender-neutral toilets and’
Second part
those words
§ 57
First part
‘Asks for Parliament’s communication strategy to be revised, including through measures such as establishing a protocol to mourn victims of femicide and revising Parliament’s website to include a specific section on gender equality on the home menu, relevant information about key files,’
Second part
‘such as the EU’s ratification process of the Istanbul Convention, and an update of the information on Parliament’s history and composition to take gender into account;’
Recital D
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘quotas’ and ‘the use of gender-neutral language;’
Second part
those words
PPE, ID
§ 13
First part
‘Calls for gender balance to be ensured at all levels of plenary, committee and delegation work, including when appointing coordinators, rapporteurs and shadow rapporteurs’
Second part
‘and when distributing speaking time;’
Third part
‘calls for Parliament’s Rules of Procedure to be amended accordingly;
Fourth part
‘highlights the need to ensure that parity is met, especially with regard to the governance of co-chaired bodies and the distribution of shared responsibilities, such as with the appointment of co-rapporteurs or co-shadow-rapporteurs;’
Motion for a resolution (DEVE and FEMM committees) (as a whole)
RCV
+
479, 93, 116
Requests for separate votes
MEPs:
§§ 38, 53; Citations 9, 38; Recital I
Requests for split votes
MEPs
§ 5
First part
‘Strongly condemns the withdrawal of Turkey from the Istanbul Convention;’
Second part
‘considers that the denunciation of the Istanbul Convention is another step that questions the status of Turkey as a candidate for membership of the EU;’
§ 23
First part
‘Regrets the fact that the important issue of diversity has been grouped into the role of the EEAS Advisor on Gender and Diversity, and calls on the EEAS to accord the necessary importance to both gender equality and the WPS Agenda, as well as to diversity and inclusion, and to establish one role for each of these issues, and to strengthen these roles, their mandates, resources and powers;’
Second part
‘calls for the appointment of a dedicated gender adviser in each EEAS directorate, reporting directly to the EEAS Advisor on Gender and Diversity, and to encourage their staff to work closely with the European Institute for Gender Equality;’
§ 27
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Second part
those words
Title before § 33
First part
‘Ensuring access to healthcare for women’
Second part
‘and sexual and reproductive rights’
§ 33
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘Reiterates that SRHR are human rights and constitute fundamental elements of human dignity and women’s empowerment;’ ‘and rights’ (in SRHR – all occurrences) and ‘stresses that legislative rollbacks on abortion undermine the protection of women’s health, rights and dignity, and put the most socially and economically vulnerable women at a greater risk;’
Second part
‘Reiterates that SRHR are human rights and constitute fundamental elements of human dignity and women’s empowerment;’
Third part
‘and rights’ (in SRHR – all occurrences)
Fourth part
‘stresses that legislative rollbacks on abortion undermine the protection of women’s health, rights and dignity, and put the most socially and economically vulnerable women at a greater risk;’
§ 34
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘including safe and legal abortion’ and ‘and rights’ (in SRHR – all occurrences) and ‘safe and legal abortion’ and ‘and contraception’
Second part
‘including safe and legal abortion’
Third part
‘and rights’ (in SRHR – all occurrences)
Fourth part
‘safe and legal abortion’
Fifth part
‘and contraception’
§ 35
First part
‘Stresses the importance of improving the availability of contraception methods in partner countries, especially for adolescent girls;’
Second part
‘affirms that all women and adolescent girls are entitled to make their own free and informed choices with regard to their SRHR; recalls that the quality of maternal healthcare is an important indicator of the development of a country; believes that the EU should help partner countries to uphold the right to health in the context of pregnancy and childbirth through the establishment of decent maternal health services that effectively decrease infant mortality and deaths related to complications during childbirth;’ without the words ‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Third part
‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
§ 36
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR) and ‘sexual and reproductive rights’
Second part
‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Third part
‘sexual and reproductive rights’
§ 37
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR – all occurrences)
Second part
those words
§ 39
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR – all occurrences)
Second part
those words
§ 41
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Second part
those words
§ 56
First part
‘Underlines that it is essential that the private sector get involved in achieving the objectives set out in GAP III and is held to account in the event of violations of women’s rights committed in the course of corporate activities;’
Second part
‘calls on the Commission to include the gender perspective in its upcoming legislative proposal on corporate due diligence;’
§ 66
First part
text as a whole without the word: ‘all’
Second part
that word
§ 71
First part
‘Recalls its demand to the Commission that the composition of the Domestic Advisory Groups be gender-balanced, that their monitoring role be further extended,’
Second part
‘and that a Trade and Gender Committee be established under each Free Trade Agreement to identify shortcomings;’
§ 74
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘Convention No 189 on Domestic Workers,’
Second part
those words
§ 83
First part
‘Points out the importance of linking the concept of human security and the gender approach; calls for the EU to use the concept of human security as set out in UN General Assembly Resolution 66/290 and in its WPS agenda; insists that security must focus on human lives and their protection from threats such as violence, lack of education, healthcare, food or economic independence; calls on the Commission, the EEAS and the Member States to develop and promote the UN disarmament agenda;’
Second part
‘insists on having a feminist foreign policy on disarmament and non-proliferation;’
§ 84
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Second part
those words
§ 94
First part
text as a whole without the word ‘feminist’ (all occurrences)
Second part
that word
Recital L
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR) and ‘and banning sexuality education’
Second part
‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Third part
‘and banning sexuality education’
Recital O
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and rights’ (in SRHR)
Second part
those words
23. Rule of law and the consequences of the ECJ ruling
‘Recognises the importance of the macroeconomic imbalance procedure in identifying, preventing and addressing macroeconomic imbalances in the EU;’
Second part
‘highlights that continuous monitoring and vigilance will be needed and that Member States should address emerging imbalances through reforms that enhance economic and social resilience and promote the digital transformation and green and just transitions;’
Third part
‘stresses that the Commission plays an important role in holding governments accountable in this regard;’
26. European Semester for economic policy coordination: employment and social aspects in the annual sustainable growth survey 2022
Text as a whole without the words: ‘calls on the Commission to ensure that European economic governance is aligned with these goals and strategies;’
Second part
those words
§ 3
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘public, universal and’ and ‘prior to taking the decision to deactivate the general escape clause,’
Second part
‘public, universal and’
Third part
‘prior to taking the decision to deactivate the general escape clause,’
§ 8
First part
‘Stresses that the EPSR Action Plan includes three headline targets and that the last relates to poverty and aims to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion by at least 15 million, out of which at least 5 million should be children, compared to 2019; yet regrets however that the Commission has not yet presented a clear and comprehensive agenda to achieve this objective through effective tools and financial means; calls on the Commission to present without delay an anti-poverty strategy with the commitment to eliminating poverty in Europe by 2050;’
Second part
‘believes that this strategy should include, among others, social progress as an investment priority, implying that NextGenerationEU, the multiannual framework and the EU budget must dedicate investments towards social objectives, in particular social progress, which match in ambition investments in the green and digital areas, and that the reduction of poverty and inequalities should also be a transversal consideration in all expenditure;’
§ 11
First part
‘Supports a more democratic semester process; firmly believes that the reform of economic governance needs to go hand in hand with the reinforcement of the social dimension;’
Second part
‘believes that gender equality policies must be anchored and mainstreamed in all phases of economic governance;’
§ 15
First part
‘Welcomes the Commission communication of 9 December 2021 entitled ‘Building an economy that works for people: an action plan for the social economy’;’
Second part
‘calls on the Commission to put forward ambitious measures for the establishment and development of cooperatives and social economy enterprises, which by nature place a stronger emphasis on fair working conditions and the empowerment of workers and citizens;’
§ 16
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘calls on the Commission to guarantee access for young people to paid quality traineeships and apprenticeships, and’
Second part
those words
§ 19
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘well-financed’
Second part
those words
§ 30
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘social’ (1st occurrence) and ‘calls, in this regard, for a reform of the economic governance framework in order to enable the Member States to make the requisite green and social public investments, including those related to the development and improvement of social, public, affordable and energy-efficient housing;’
Second part
‘social’ (1st occurrence)
Third part
‘calls, in this regard, for a reform of the economic governance framework in order to enable the Member States to make the requisite green and social public investments, including those related to the development and improvement of social, public, affordable and energy-efficient housing;’
§ 35
First part
‘Calls on the Commission and the Member States to guarantee universal access to free public education in the EU for children up to the age of three, which would contribute to equal opportunities for the next generation as well as to an increase in women’s participation in the labour market;’
Second part
‘insists on the importance of transposing the Work-Life Balance Directive in order to provide equal access and balanced use of leave arrangements by men and women, which will allow parents with children or workers with dependent relatives to better balance caring and professional responsibilities;’
§ 37
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘both binding on all Member States and’
Second part
those words
§ 40
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘as well as children’s access to information on sexual orientation and gender identity,’
Second part
those words
§ 42
First part
text as a whole without the word: ‘European’
Second part
this word
§ 51
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and to prevent shortages of strategic goods and the delocalisation of production;’ and ‘at least 80% of’ and ‘by 2030’ and ‘improve directors’ accountability for integrating sustainability into corporate decision-making, and promote corporate governance practices that contribute to company sustainability, with reference inter alia to corporate reporting, board remuneration, maximum wage ratio difference, board composition and stakeholder involvement;’
Second part
‘and to prevent shortages of strategic goods and the delocalisation of production;’ and
Third part
‘at least 80% of’
Fourth part
‘by 2030’
Fifth part
‘improve directors’ accountability for integrating sustainability into corporate decision-making, and promote corporate governance practices that contribute to company sustainability, with reference inter alia to corporate reporting, board remuneration, maximum wage ratio difference, board composition and stakeholder involvement;’
§ 52
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘including workers’ rights such as the right of association, the right to collective bargaining, the right to health and safety, and social protection and good working conditions,’ and ‘stresses that this directive should ensure the full involvement of trade unions and workers’ representatives in the whole due diligence process, and should guarantee the right to reach collective agreement at the relevant levels on the due diligence policies;’ and ‘throughout the chain, file complaints’ and ‘and companies wanting to access the internal market;’
Second part
‘including workers’ rights such as the right of association, the right to collective bargaining, the right to health and safety, and social protection and good working conditions,’
Third part
‘stresses that this directive should ensure the full involvement of trade unions and workers’ representatives in the whole due diligence process, and should guarantee the right to reach collective agreement at the relevant levels on the due diligence policies;’
Fourth part
‘throughout the chain, file complaints’
Fifth part
‘and companies wanting to access the internal market;’
§ 56
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘in the European Semester process’
Second part
those words
Recital H
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘whereas traineeships must not only be paid but also be limited in length and number so that young people are not trapped in never-ending repeated traineeships and exploited as cheap or even free labour, and without social protection and pension rights;’
Second part
those words
Renew
Recital M
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘whereas digital technologies entail risks to quality of employment;’
Second part
those words
§ 5
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘a significant part of the revenues generated by’ and ‘and resulting tax revenues’ and ‘be used to’
Second part
‘a significant part of the revenues generated by’
Third part
‘and resulting tax revenues’
Fourth part
‘be used to’
§ 43
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘living wages,’
Second part
those words
§ 49
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and for adequate conditional financial support’
Second part
those words
Verts/ALE
§ 10
First part
‘Welcomes the Commission proposal for a social climate fund to address the social consequences of the transformation of our societies to make them climate neutral; is convinced that the social impact of green policies has to be tackled in a wider manner, and highlights the urgency of adopting instruments that enable all parts of society to enjoy the benefits of a climate neutral society and protect people and households, in particular the most vulnerable from both the impact of climate change and pollution’ without the words: ‘to address the social consequences of the transformation of our societies to make them climate neutral; is convinced that the social impact of green policies has to be tackled in a wider manner’
Second part
‘to address the social consequences of the transformation of our societies to make them climate neutral; is convinced that the social impact of green policies has to be tackled in a wider manner’
Third part
‘and that prevent negative social consequences that might arise from the implementation of the European Green Deal climate actions;’
§ 53
First part
‘Calls on the Commission to work towards economic resilience, promote public investment in strategic sectors and social welfare systems, to protect entrepreneurship and SMEs, and to ensure social progress in the EU through well-paid jobs; calls on the Commission and Member States to increase the economy’s resilience, competitiveness and preparedness for future crises, in order to create a business-friendly environment that will help attract investment and entrepreneurs, and to ensure a fair and social EU with jobs allowing a decent life, leaving nobody behind, while respecting the subsidiarity of the Member States;’
Second part
‘calls on the Member States to lower administrative burdens for businesses with special focus on SMEs, who are the backbone of European economy;’
PPE, Renew
§ 23
First part
‘Stresses the emergence of new occupational safety and health risks due to the acceleration of climate change and its potential effect on workers, as well as because of technological breakthroughs such as AI and digitalisation, that could lead to hazardous working conditions;’
Second part
‘draws attention to its resolution of 20 October 2021 with recommendations to the Commission on protecting workers from asbestos and welcomes the progress made on the revision process of the Carcinogens and Mutagens Directive (CMD4); calls on the Commission to take appropriate and proportionate legislative and non-legislative actions to master these emerging risks;’
§ 36
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘and to secure a dedicated budget of EUR 20 billion and to fulfil this task in the 2021-2027 period’ and ‘believes that the Child Guarantee must be extended to complement national child benefit schemes;’
Second part
‘and to secure a dedicated budget of EUR 20 billion and to fulfil this task in the 2021-2027 period’
Third part
‘believes that the Child Guarantee must be extended to complement national child benefit schemes;’
§ 62
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘calls on the Commission to make certification mandatory for EU-wide public procurement and to establish a social register for this purpose;’
‘By 1 January 2024 portable batteries incorporated in appliances and batteries for light means of transport shall be designed in such a manner that they can be readily and safely removed and replaced with basic and commonly available tools and without causing damage to the appliance or the batteries. Portable batteries shall be removable and replaceable by the end-user and batteries for light means of transport shall be removable and replaceable by the end-users or by independent operators during the lifetime of the appliance, if the batteries have a shorter lifetime than the appliance, or at the latest at the end of the lifetime of the appliance.’
Second part
‘Battery cells for light means of transport shall be removable and replaceable by independent operators.’
Amendment 178
First part
‘From 1 January 2027, portable batteries, light means of transport batteries and automotive batteries shall be marked with a label containing information on their nominal energy capacity and marked with a label containing information on their minimum average duration when used in specific applications and the expected lifetime in terms of number of cycles’
Second part
‘and calendar years.’
Miscellaneous
Erratum: all languages
28. The situation of journalists and human rights defenders in Mexico
‘Calls on the Member States to put in place coordination and cooperation measures in order to effectively tackle the issues of double taxation of car registrations, tax discrimination and double taxation in any cross-border context, and to take better account of the realities of cross-border worker mobility;’
Second part
‘considers that double taxation issues are insufficiently addressed through existing bilateral tax conventions or unilateral action by Member States and need concerted, timely action at EU level;’
Recital P
First part
‘whereas petitions have shown that mobile EU citizens and residents still face difficulties in exercising their electoral rights, owing to administrative burdens, bureaucracy and language barriers in some Member States,’
Second part
‘and misinformation or a lack of cooperation by some Member State authorities;’
32. Fair and simple taxation supporting the recovery strategy
Report: Luděk Niedermayer (A9-0024/2022) (Majority of Parliament’s component Members required to adopt the motion for a resolution)
Subject
Am No
Author
RCV etc.
Vote
RCV/EV – remarks
§ 9
1
The Left
RCV
+
365, 290, 37
§ 15
§
original text
split
1/RCV
+
526, 145, 21
2/RCV
+
524, 150, 18
§ 22
2
The Left
RCV
-
77, 369, 245
§ 29
3
The Left
RCV
-
103, 543, 46
§ 30
4
The Left
RCV
-
121, 544, 27
After § 30
5
The Left
RCV
-
276, 407, 9
§ 34
6
The Left
RCV
-
144, 374, 173
Motion for a resolution (as a whole)
RCV
+
476, 78, 129
Requests for split votes
ID
§ 15
First part
Text as a whole without the words: ‘notes that Article 116 TFEU, although suggested in the Action Plan, has not yet been used in tax matters and would allow decision-making in the Council to be more effective;’