Texts adopted - Ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe

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Document selected : A9-0233/2023
Texts tabled : A9-0233/2023		Debates : PV 12/09/2023 - 9 CRE 12/09/2023 - 9		Votes : PV 13/09/2023 - 7.8 CRE 13/09/2023 - 7.8 Explanations of votes PV 24/04/2024 - 7.6 CRE 24/04/2024 - 7.6		Texts adopted : P9_TA(2023)0318 P9_TA(2024)0319

Texts adopted

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Wednesday, 13 September 2023 - Strasbourg

Ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe

P9_TA(2023)0318

A9-0233/2023

Amendments adopted by the European Parliament on 13 September 2023 on the proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (recast) (COM(2022)0542 – C9-0364/2022 – 2022/0347(COD))(1)

(Ordinary legislative procedure – recast)

Text proposed by the Commission

Amendment

Amendment 1
Proposal for a directive
Recital 2

(2) In December 2019, the European Commission set out in its Communication ‘The European Green Deal’40 an ambitious roadmap to transform the Union into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, aiming to protect, conserve and enhance the Union’s natural capital, and to protect the health and well-being of citizens from environment-related risks and impacts. Specifically on clean air, the European Green Deal committed to further improving air quality and to aligning EU air quality standards more closely with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). It also announced a strengthening of provisions on air quality monitoring, modelling and planning.

(2) In December 2019, the European Commission set out in its Communication ‘The European Green Deal’40an ambitious roadmap to transform the Union into a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, aiming to protect, conserve and enhance the Union’s natural capital, and to protect the health and well-being of citizens from environment-related risks and impacts. Specifically on clean air, the Commission committed itself to further improving air quality and to aligning EU air quality standards more closely with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). It also announced a strengthening of provisions on air quality monitoring, modelling and planning.

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40 Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions The European Green Deal; COM(2019) 640 final.

Amendment 293
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4

(4) The Zero Pollution Action Plan also sets out a vision for the year 2050, where air pollution is reduced to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. To this end, a staged approach towards setting current and future EU air quality standards should be pursued, establishing intermediate air quality standards for the year 2030 and beyond, and developing a perspective for alignment with the WHO Air Quality Guidelines by the year 2050 at the latest based on a regular review mechanism to take into account the latest scientific understanding. Given the links between pollution reduction and decarbonisation, the long-term objective to achieve the zero pollution ambition should be pursued hand in hand with reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as set by Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council42 .

(4) The Zero Pollution Action Plan also sets out a vision for the year 2050, where air pollution is reduced to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. To this end, an ambitious approach towards setting current and future EU air quality standards should be pursued, establishing air quality standards for the year 2035, including intermediate air quality standards for 2030, and at regular intervals beyond, and developing a perspective for continuous full alignment with the most up-to-date WHO Air Quality Guidelines in order to achieve the zero pollution objective by the year 2050 at the latest based on a regular review mechanism to take into account the latest scientific evidence. Given the links between pollution reduction and decarbonisation, the long-term objective to achieve the zero pollution ambition should be pursued hand in hand with reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as set by Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council42 .

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42 Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (‘European Climate Law’) (OJ L 243, 9.7.2021, p. 1–17).

Amendment 3
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4 a (new)

(4a) In September 2021, the WHO released new Air Quality Guidelines, based on a comprehensive synthesis of the scientific evidence on health effects of air pollution. The conclusions of these Air Quality Guidelines specifically stress the importance of lowering the pollution concentrations at every level and show clear benefits for public health and the environment of such actions. This Directive takes into account the latest scientific understanding and the need to fully align the Union air quality standards with the most recent WHO Air Quality Guidelines in order to fulfil the overall objectives of the Zero Pollution Action Plan.

Amendment 4
Proposal for a directive
Recital 4 b (new)

(4b) The societal benefits from the continued and improved reduction of air pollution far outweigh the costs involved. According to Commission estimates, the annual direct costs of complying with various policy scenarios analysed under the impact assessment accompanying this Directive are between EUR 3,3 billion and EUR 7 billion, and the monetised health and environmental benefits are between EUR 36 billion and EUR 130 billion in 2030, thereby demonstrating that benefits of the air quality policy greatly exceeded implementation cost. Since the year 2000, air-polluting emissions in the Union have steadily decreased as a result of Union and national legislation.

Amendment 5
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5

(5) In taking the relevant measures at Union and national level to achieve the zero pollution objective for air pollution, Member States, the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission should be guided by the ‘precautionary principle’ and the ‘polluter pays principle’ established in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and the ‘do no harm’ principle of the European Green Deal. They should, inter alia, take into account: the contribution of improved air quality to public health, the quality of the environment, the well-being of citizens, the prosperity of society, employment and the competitiveness of the economy; the energy transition, strengthened energy security and the tackling of energy poverty; food security and affordability; the development of sustainable and smart mobility and transport solutions; the impact of behavioural changes; fairness and solidarity across and within Member States, in light of their economic capability, national circumstances, such as the specificities of islands, and the need for convergence over time; the need to make the transition just and socially fair through appropriate education and training programmes; best available and most recent scientific evidence, in particular the findings reported by the WHO; the need to integrate air pollution related risks into investment and planning decisions; cost-effectiveness and technological neutrality in achieving air pollutant emission reductions; and progression over time in environmental integrity and level of ambition.

(5) In taking the relevant measures at Union and national level to achieve the zero pollution objective for air pollution, Member States, the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission should be guided by the ‘precautionary principle’, the ‘polluter pays principle’ and the ‘prevention and rectifying pollution at source principle’ established in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, the ‘do no harm’ principle of the European Green Deal and the respect of the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment. They should, inter alia, take into account: the contribution of improved air quality to public health, the quality of the environment and ecosystem resilience, the well-being of citizens, equality and the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, healthcare costs, the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the role of civil society, the prosperity of society, employment and the competitiveness of the economy; the energy transition, strengthened energy security and the tackling of energy poverty; food security and affordability; the development of sustainable and smart mobility and transport solutions and their infrastructure; the impact of behavioural changes; the impact of fiscal policies; fairness and solidarity across and within Member States, in light of their economic capability, national circumstances, such as the specificities of islands, and the need for convergence over time; the need to make the transition just and socially fair through appropriate education and training programmes, including for healthcare professionals; best available and most recent scientific evidence, in particular the findings reported by the WHO; the need to integrate air pollution related risks into investment and planning decisions; cost-effectiveness, the best available technological solutions and technological neutrality in achieving air pollutant emission reductions; and progression over time in environmental integrity and level of ambition, guided by the non-regression principle established in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Amendment 6
Proposal for a directive
Recital 5 a (new)

(5a) This Directive contributes to the attainment of the SDGs, in particular SDGs 3, 7, 10, 11 and 13.

Amendment 7
Proposal for a directive
Recital 6

(6) The ‘Eighth General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030’ adopted by Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council on 6 April 202243 establishes the objective to achieve a non-toxic environment protecting the health and well-being of people, animals and ecosystems from environment-related risks and negative impacts, and, for that purpose, stipulates that further improvement of monitoring methods, better information to the public and access to justice are needed. This guides the objectives set in this Directive.

(6) The ‘Eighth General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030’ adopted by Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council on 6 April 202243 establishes as one of its priority objectives to achieve a non-toxic environment protecting the health and well-being of people, animals and ecosystems from environment-related risks and negative impacts, and, for that purpose, stipulates, inter alia, that further improvement of monitoring methods, better transboundary coordination, better information to the public and access to justice are needed. This guides the objectives set in this Directive.

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43 Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030 (OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22–36).

Amendment 8
Proposal for a directive
Recital 7

(7) The Commission should regularly review the scientific evidence related to pollutants, their effects on human health and the environment and technological development. Based on the review, the Commission should assess whether applicable air quality standards are still appropriate to achieve the objectives of this Directive. The first review should be carried out by 31/12/2028 to assess whether air quality standards need to be updated based on the latest scientific information.

(7) The Commission should regularly review the scientific evidence related to pollutants, their effects on human health and the environment, health inequalities, direct and indirect healthcare costs associated with air pollution, environmental costs, and behavioural, fiscal and technological developments. Based on the review, the Commission should assess whether applicable air quality standards are still appropriate to achieve the objectives of this Directive. The first review should be carried out by 31/12/2028 to assess whether air quality standards need to be updated based on the latest scientific information. The Commission should regularly assess the contribution of Union legislation laying down emissions standards for sources of air pollution to the achievement of the air quality standards established by this Directive and, where necessary, propose additional Union measures.

Amendment 9
Proposal for a directive
Recital 10

(10) Modelling applications should be applied to enable point data to be interpreted in terms of geographical distribution of concentration , to help to detect breaches of air quality standards, and to inform air quality plans and the placement of sampling points . In addition to the requirements for air quality monitoring defined in this Directive, for monitoring purposes, Member States are encouraged to exploit information products and supplementary tools (e.g. regular evaluation and quality assessment reports, policy online applications), provided by the Earth Observation component of the EU Space Programme, in particular the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS).

(10) Where relevant, modelling applications should be applied to enable point data to be interpreted in terms of geographical distribution of concentration of pollutants, to help to detect breaches of air quality standards, and to inform air quality plans and air quality roadmaps and the placement of sampling points. In addition to the requirements for air quality monitoring defined in this Directive, for monitoring purposes, Member States are encouraged to exploit information products and supplementary tools (e.g. regular evaluation and quality assessment reports, policy online applications), provided by the Earth Observation component of the EU Space Programme, in particular the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS).

Amendment 10
Proposal for a directive
Recital 11

(11) It is important that pollutants of emerging concern, such as ultrafine particles, black carbon and elemental carbon, as well as ammonia and the oxidative potential of particulate matter, be monitored in order to support scientific understanding of their effects on health and the environment, as recommended by the WHO, and with a view to establishing limit values for them in the framework of the first review of this Directive in 2028. The Commission should continue to monitor scientific developments regarding any other pollutants not covered by this Directive and assess the need to extend its provisions to these pollutants.

Amendment 11
Proposal for a directive
Recital 12

(12) Detailed measurements of fine particulate matter at rural background locations should be made in order to understand better the impacts of this pollutant and to develop appropriate policies. Such measurements should be made in a manner consistent with those of the cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) set up under the 1979 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution approved by Council Decision 81/462/EEC of 11 June 198144 and its Protocols, including the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone of 1999, which was revised in 2012 .

(12) Detailed measurements of fine particulate matter, black carbon, mercury and ammonia at rural background locations should be made in order to understand better the transboundary contribution and the impacts of those pollutants, and to develop appropriate policies, including the possible introduction of limit values, target values or critical levels. Such measurements should be made in a manner consistent with those of the cooperative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long range transmission of air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) set up under the 1979 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution approved by Council Decision 81/462/EEC of 11 June 198144 and its Protocols, including the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone of 1999, which was revised in 2012 .

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44 Council Decision 81/462/EEC of 11 June 1981 on the conclusion of the Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (OJ L 171, 27.6.1981, p. 11).

Amendment 12
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15

(15) In order to protect human health and the environment as a whole, it is particularly important to combat emissions of pollutants at source and to identify and implement the most effective emission reduction measures at local, national and Union level, in particular when it comes to emissions from agriculture, industries, transport, heating and cooling systems and energy generation. Relevant Union legislation such as on European vehicle emission standards or on industrial emissions are instrumental in further reducing ambient air pollution. Therefore, emissions of harmful air pollutants should be avoided, prevented or reduced and appropriate standards set for ambient air quality on the basis of the latest scientific evidence as published in the most up-to-date WHO Air Quality Guidelines and in line with the Zero Pollution Action Plan for 2050.

Amendment 14
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15 b (new)

(15b) The Commission should assess the consistency of any relevant draft measure or legislative proposal, including budgetary proposals, with the air quality standards set out in this Directive, before adoption, and include that assessment in any impact assessment accompanying those measures or proposals, and make the result of that assessment publicly available at the time of adoption. The Commission should endeavour to align its draft measures and legislative proposals with the objectives of this Directive. In any case of non-alignment, the Commission should provide its reasons as part of the consistency assessment.

Amendment 15
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15 c (new)

(15c) Air pollutants emitted from the transport sector pose a particular risk to the health of people living in urban areas and near transport hubs. Member States and the relevant regional and local authorities should therefore consider implementing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans and invest in zero-emission technologies and measures enabling a modal shift towards active, collective and sustainable transport systems, as well as the creation of green spaces and pedestrian areas in the cities with the aim to reduce air pollution and road congestion, especially in urban areas in line with the communication of the Commission of 9 December 2020 entitled ‘Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy - putting European transport on track for the future’. Member States should also take all necessary measures to accelerate the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, in particular electric recharging infrastructure for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as carry out regular transport infrastructure quality checks to identify the areas in need of decongestion and infrastructure optimisation, and take appropriate measures, with the support of Union funding, where applicable.

Amendment 16
Proposal for a directive
Recital 15 d (new)

(15d) Air pollution from maritime transport alone leads to over 50 000 premature deaths annually in the Union1a. While the most detrimental part of maritime transport exhausts is sulphur dioxide pollution, NOx should not be forgotten. The impact of maritime transport on the environment and on coastal communities, both in terms of ecosystem damage and public health, could be alleviated with a comprehensive electrification of short-distance and urban maritime transport, in addition to zero-emission requirements and infrastructure at berth. Moreover, comprehensive coverage of the Union maritime space under sulphur emission control area (SECA) and nitrogen emission control area (NECA) zones would significantly contribute to the reduction of air pollution in ports and port cities, as well as in Union waters.

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1a Brandt, J., Silver, J. D., and Frohn, L. M., Assessment of Health-Cost Externalities of Air Pollution at the National Level using the EVA Model System, CEEH Scientific Report No 3, 2011.

Amendment 17
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16

(16) Scientific evidence shows that sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ozone are responsible for significant negative impacts on human health . Impact on human health and the environment occurs via concentrations in ambient air .

(16) Scientific evidence shows that sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, arsenic, cadmium, nickel some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ozone are responsible for an array of significant adverse effects on human health that can result in premature death, and that there is no identifiable threshold below which those substances do not pose a risk to human health. Those substances damage most organ systems and are linked to many debilitating diseases, such as childhood and adult-onset asthma, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, strokes, diabetes, lung cancer, impaired cognitive development and dementia. Impact on human health and the environment occurs via concentrations in ambient air and via deposition.

Amendment 18
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16 a (new)

(16a) Air pollution affects the human body, in both the short and long term, in ways that are detrimental to health. Even though air pollution is a universal health problem that affects everyone, the risks are not evenly distributed amongst the population, with some groups of people at greater risk of harm than others. Sensitive population and vulnerable groups, such as those with specific pre-existing health conditions (e.g. respiratory or cardiovascular diseases), pregnant women, newborns, children, the elderly, people living with disabilities or having inadequate access to medical care, and workers who are exposed to particularly high levels of air pollution in their profession, appear to be most at risk, as highlighted by studies linking air pollution to decreased cognitive performance among the elderly as well as suggesting that poor air quality is especially dangerous to children. Those groups should be informed and protected. This Directive recognises the increased risks and specific needs of sensitive population and vulnerable groups as regards air pollution and aims to address health inequalities caused by polluted air.

Amendment 19
Proposal for a directive
Recital 16 b (new)

(16b) While ambient air pollution is a major environmental health risk affecting everyone and all Member States, there is ample evidence emerging on the associations between socio-economic status and air pollution, demonstrating in particular that the health of people of lower socio-economic status tends to be more affected by air pollution than the health of the general population as a result of their both greater exposure and higher vulnerability1a. Member States should take into account such factors when drafting, implementing or updating their air quality plans or air quality roadmaps to address effectively the social aspects of air pollution and to minimise the socio-economic impacts of measures taken.

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1a Unequal exposure and unequal impacts: social vulnerability to air pollution, noise and extreme temperatures in Europe, European Environment Agency, 2018.

Amendment 20
Proposal for a directive
Recital 18

(18) The average exposure of the population to the pollutants with the highest documented impact on human health, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), should be reduced based on the most up-to-date WHO recommendations. To this end, an average exposure reduction obligation should be introduced for these pollutants, in addition to limit values. The average exposure reduction obligation should complement and not substitute those limit values which have demonstrated to be the most effectively enforceable standards to date.

Amendment 21
Proposal for a directive
Recital 19

(19) The Fitness Check of the Ambient Air Quality Directives (Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC)45 has shown that limit values are more effective in bringing down pollutant concentrations than target values. With the aim of minimising harmful effects on human health, paying particular attention to vulnerable groups and sensitive populations, and the environment limit values should be set for the concentration of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air . Benzo(a)pyrene should be used as a marker for the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air.

(19) The Fitness Check of the Ambient Air Quality Directives (Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC)45 has shown that limit values are more effective in bringing down pollutant concentrations than other types of air quality standards, such as target values. With the aim of minimising harmful effects on human health, paying particular attention to vulnerable groups and sensitive populations, and the environment limit values should be set for the concentration of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. To ensure effective protection against harmful effects on ecosystems, those limit values should be regularly updated in light of the most recent recommendations by the WHO. Benzo(a)pyrene should be used as a marker for the carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air.

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45 Fitness check of the Ambient Air Quality Directives of 28 November 2019 (SWD(2019) 427 final).

Amendment 22
Proposal for a directive
Recital 21

(21) Ozone is a transboundary pollutant formed in the atmosphere from the emission of primary pollutants addressed by Directive 2016/2284/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council46 . Progress towards the air quality targets and long-term objectives for ozone set in this Directive should be determined by the targets and emission reduction commitments provided for in Directive 2016/2284/EU and, by implementing cost-effective measures and air quality plans .

(21) Ozone is a transboundary pollutant formed in the atmosphere from the emission of primary pollutants, some of which are addressed by Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council46. Ground-level ozone adversely affects not only human health but also vegetation and ecosystems, leading to decreased crop yields and forest growth, and loss of biodiversity. Progress towards the air quality targets and long-term objectives for ozone set in this Directive should be determined by the targets and emission reduction commitments provided for in Directive (EU) 2016/2284 and, by implementing cost-effective measures, air quality roadmaps and air quality plans .

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46 Directive (EU) 2016/2284/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (OJ L 344, 17.12.2016, p.1).

46 Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (OJ L 344, 17.12.2016, p. 1).

Amendment 23
Proposal for a directive
Recital 22

(22) The ozone target values and long-term objectives of ensuring effective protection against harmful effects on human health and vegetation and ecosystems from exposure to ozone should be updated in light of the most recent recommendations of the World Health Organization .

(22) The ozone target values and long-term objectives of ensuring effective protection against harmful effects on human health and vegetation and ecosystems from exposure to ozone should be regularly updated in light of the most recent recommendations of the World Health Organization .

Amendment 24
Proposal for a directive
Recital 23

(23) An alert threshold for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone, and an information threshold for ozone, should be set for the protection of the general population , vulnerable and sensitive sections, respectively, from brief exposures to elevated ozone concentrations. Those thresholds should trigger the dissemination of information to the public on the risks of exposure and the implementation, if appropriate, of short-term measures to reduce pollution levels where the alert threshold is exceeded.

(23) An alert threshold and an information threshold for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone should be set for the protection of the general population, and especially sensitive population and vulnerable groups, from brief exposures to elevated concentrations of pollutants. Those thresholds should trigger the dissemination of information to the public on the associated health risks of exposure and the implementation of short-term measures to reduce pollution levels where the alert threshold is exceeded. Alert and information thresholds are not set for the other regulated pollutants, as evidence on the health effects of those pollutants often considers long-term exposure effects only. In the event that scientific evidence emerges on their short-term exposure effects, the Commission should evaluate the need to introduce alert and information thresholds for those pollutants.

Amendment 25
Proposal for a directive
Recital 25

(25) Air quality status should be maintained where it is already good, or improved. Where the standards for ambient air quality laid down in this Directive are at risk of not being met, or have not been met, Member States should take immediate action in order to comply with the limit values , average exposure reduction obligations and critical levels, and where possible, to attain the ozone target values and long-term objectives.

(25) Air quality status should be maintained where it is already good, or improved. Where the standards for ambient air quality laid down in this Directive are at risk of not being met, or have not been met, Member States should take immediate and continuous action in order to comply with the limit values , average exposure reduction obligations and critical levels, and to attain the ozone target values and long-term objectives.

Amendment 26
Proposal for a directive
Recital 29

(29) Contributions from natural sources can be assessed but cannot be controlled. Therefore, where natural contributions to pollutants in ambient air can be determined with sufficient certainty, and where exceedances are due in whole or in part to these natural contributions, these may, under the conditions laid down in this Directive, be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values and average exposure reduction obligations . Contributions to exceedances of particulate matter limit values attributable to winter-sanding or winter-salting of roads may also be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values provided that reasonable measures have been taken to lower concentrations.

(29) Contributions from natural sources can be assessed but can in some instances be difficult to control. Therefore, where natural contributions to pollutants in ambient air can be determined with sufficient certainty, and where exceedances are due in whole or in part to these natural contributions, which are beyond the Member States’ control and could not have been anticipated, mitigated or prevented, these may, under the conditions laid down in this Directive, be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values and average exposure reduction obligations. Contributions to exceedances of particulate matter limit values attributable to winter-sanding or winter-salting of roads may also be subtracted when assessing compliance with air quality limit values only when evidence is provided that all reasonable measures have been taken to lower concentrations. Subtractions of those contributions when assessing compliance with air quality limit values and average exposure reduction obligations should not prevent Member States from taking action to reduce their health impact.

Amendment 27
Proposal for a directive
Recital 29 a (new)

(29a) It is crucial to systematically monitor air quality in the vicinity of air pollution hotspots where pollution level is strongly influenced by the emissions from heavy pollution sources that could expose individuals and population groups to elevated risks of adverse health effects. To that end, Member States should install sampling points in the air pollution hotspots, such as ports or airports, with the aim to improve the understanding of the impact of those sources on air pollution, and to take appropriate measures to minimise their impact on human health.

Amendment 28
Proposal for a directive
Recital 30

(30) For zones where conditions are particularly difficult, it should be possible to postpone the deadline for compliance with the air quality limit values in cases where, notwithstanding the implementation of appropriate pollution abatement measures, acute compliance problems exist in specific zones and agglomerations. Any postponement for a given zone or agglomeration should be accompanied by a comprehensive plan to be assessed by the Commission to ensure compliance by the revised deadline.

(30) For zones where conditions are particularly difficult, it should be possible to postpone the deadline for compliance with the air quality limit values in cases where, notwithstanding the implementation of appropriate pollution abatement measures, acute compliance problems exist in specific zones. Any postponement for a given zone should be accompanied by a comprehensive plan to be assessed by the Commission to ensure compliance by the revised deadline.

Amendment 29
Proposal for a directive
Recital 31

(31) Air quality plans should be developed and updated for zones within which concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed the relevant air quality limit values , ozone target values or average exposure reduction obligations . Air pollutants are emitted from many different sources and activities. To ensure coherence between different policies, such air quality plans should where feasible be consistent with plans and programmes prepared pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council48, Directive (EU) 2016/2284, and Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council49.

(31) Air quality plans should be developed and updated for zones within which concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed the relevant air quality limit values, ozone target values or average exposure reduction obligations. Air pollutants are emitted from many different sources and activities. To ensure coherence between different policies, such air quality plans should where feasible be consistent with plans and programmes prepared pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council48, Directive (EU) 2016/2284, and Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council49.

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48 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17).

49 Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise (OJ L 189, 18.7.2002, p. 12.)

Amendment 30
Proposal for a directive
Recital 31 a (new)

(31a) As clarified by the case-law of the Court of Justice1a, the provisions on air quality plans do not allow the deadline for complying with air quality standards to be extended. The fact that an air quality plan has been drawn up does not, in itself, mean that a Member State has nevertheless fulfilled its obligations to ensure that levels of air pollutants do not exceed the air quality standards established by this Directive.

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1a Judgment of the Court of Justice of 10 November 2020, European Commission v Italian Republic, C-644/18, ECLI:EU:C:2020:895, paragraph 154, and judgment of the Court of Justice of 19 November 2014, ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, C-404/13, ECLI:EU:C:2014:2382, paragraph 49.

Amendment 31
Proposal for a directive
Recital 32

(32) Air quality plans should also be prepared ahead of 2030 where there is a risk that Member States will not attain the limit values or ozone target value by that date in order to ensure that levels of pollutants are reduced accordingly.

(32) In order to align Union legislation with the latest scientific evidence and the most recent WHO Air Quality Guidelines, this Directive sets new air quality standards to be met by 2030. Member States and competent authorities should in anticipation of the 2030 deadline for new limit values laid down in Section 1, Table 1, of Annex I, develop a distinct type of an air quality plan, a so-called air quality roadmap, for zones within which concentrations of pollutants in ambient air exceed the relevant air quality limit values set for 2030. The air quality roadmap should set out short- and long-term policies and measures in order to comply with those limit values by 2030 at the latest. For the sake of legal clarity, and notwithstanding the specific terminology used, an air quality roadmap should be considered to be an air quality plan as defined in Article 4, point (36).

Amendment 32
Proposal for a directive
Recital 34

(34) Member States should cooperate with one another if, following significant pollution originating in another Member State, the level of a pollutant exceeds, or is likely to exceed, any limit value, ozone target value, average exposure reduction obligation or alert threshold. The transboundary nature of specific pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter, may require coordination between neighbouring Member States in drawing up and implementing air quality plans and short-term action plans and in informing the public. Where appropriate, Member States should pursue cooperation with third countries, with particular emphasis on the early involvement of candidate countries. The Commission should be timely informed of and invited to assist in any such cooperation.

(34) Member States should cooperate with one another if, following significant pollution originating in another Member State, , the level of a pollutant exceeds, or is likely to exceed, any limit value, ozone target value, average exposure reduction obligation or alert threshold. The transboundary nature of specific pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter, should require rapid coordination between neighbouring Member States in drawing up and implementing air quality plans and short-term action plans and in informing the public as soon as possible. Where appropriate, Member States should pursue cooperation with third countries, with particular emphasis on the early involvement of candidate countries. The Commission should be timely informed of and invited to assist in any such cooperation.

Amendment 33
Proposal for a directive
Recital 35

(35) It is necessary for the Member States and the Commission to collect, exchange and disseminate air quality information in order to understand better the impacts of air pollution and develop appropriate policies. Up-to-date information on concentrations of all regulated pollutants in ambient air as well as air quality plans and short-term action plans should also be readily available to the public.

(35) It is necessary for the Member States and the Commission to collect, exchange and disseminate air quality information in order to understand better the impacts of air pollution and develop appropriate policies. Up-to-date information on concentrations of all regulated pollutants in ambient air as well as air quality plans, air quality roadmaps and short-term action plans should also be readily available to the public in a coherent and easily understandable manner.

Amendment 34
Proposal for a directive
Recital 35 a (new)

(35a) The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) shows that over 40 % of adults in the Union lack basic digital skills1a. Member States should therefore ensure that information to be made public in accordance with this Directive is communicated, where relevant, also via non-digital communication channels.

__________________

1a Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2022 (https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/desi).

Amendment 35
Proposal for a directive
Recital 40

(40) This Directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Where damage to human health has occurred as a result of a violation of Articles 19, 20, 21 of this Directive, Member States should ensure that the individuals affected by such violations are able to claim and obtain compensation for that damage from the relevant competent authority. The rules on compensation, access to justice and penalties set in this Directive have the objective to avoid, prevent and reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment from air pollution, in line with Article 191(1) TFEU. They thus seeks to integrate into the policies of the Union a high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment in accordance with the principle of sustainable development as laid down in Article 37 of the Charter, and puts into concrete terms the obligation to protect the right to life and to the integrity of the person laid down in Articles 2 and 3 of the Charter. It also contributes to the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal as laid down in Article 47 of the Charter, in relation to the protection of human health.

(40) This Directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Where damage to human health and well-being has occurred as a result of a violation of Articles 13, 19, 20, 21 of this Directive, Member States should ensure that the individuals affected by such violations are able to claim and obtain compensation for that damage from the relevant competent authority. This Directive has the objective to avoid, prevent and reduce harmful effects on human health and the environment from air pollution, in line with Article 191(1) TFEU. It thus seeks to integrate into the policies of the Union a high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment in accordance with the principle of sustainable development as laid down in Article 37 of the Charter, and puts into concrete terms the obligation to protect the right to life and to the integrity of the person, the respect for private life and the right to healthcare laid down in Articles 2, 3, 7 and 35 of the Charter. It also contributes to the right to an effective remedy before a tribunal as laid down in Article 47 of the Charter, in relation to the protection of human health. In addition, it recognises and protects the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as recognised by the United Nations General Assembly in resolution 76/300 of 28 July 2022.

Amendment 36
Proposal for a directive
Recital 40 a (new)

(40a) Rebuttable presumptions are a common mechanism for alleviating a claimant’s evidential difficulties, while preserving the rights of the defendant. Rebuttable presumptions are only applicable provided that certain conditions are fulfilled. In order to maintain a fair apportionment of risk, and to avoid a reversal of the burden of proof, a claimant should be required to demonstrate sufficiently relevant evidence, including scientific data, that give rise to a presumption that the violation has caused or contributed to the occurrence of damage. In light of the evidentiary challenges faced by injured persons, especially in complex cases, such a rebuttable presumption will achieve a fair balance between the rights of the individuals suffering from human health damage and the relevant authorities. It should also be possible to use relevant scientific data as evidence in accordance with national law. Where such relevant scientific data is not available, it should be possible to use other evidence to support the claim in accordance with national law. Considering that air quality standards are set on the basis of scientific knowledge on the harmful effects of air pollution on human health, where limit values are exceeded, air pollution becomes potentially harmful to the health and well-being of those exposed to it1a.

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1a European Court of Human Rights judgment in Fadeyeva v. Russia, 55723/00, (ECtHR, 9 June 2005), §87.

Amendment 37
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 1

1. This Directive sets out a zero pollution objective for air quality, so that within the Union air quality is progressively improved to levels no longer considered harmful to human health and natural ecosystems, as defined by scientific evidence, thus contributing to a toxic-free environment at the latest by 2050.

1. This Directive sets out a zero pollution objective for air quality, so that within the Union air quality is progressively improved to levels no longer considered harmful to human health, natural ecosystems and biodiversity, as defined by the best available and most up-to-date scientific evidence, thus contributing to a toxic-free environment at the latest by 2050.

Amendment 295
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 2

2. This Directive sets intermediate limit values, target values, average exposure reduction obligations, average exposure concentration objectives, critical levels, information thresholds, alert thresholds and long-term objectives (‘air quality standards’) to be met by the year 2030, and regularly reviewed thereafter in accordance with Article 3.

2. This Directive sets intermediate limit values, target values, average exposure reduction obligations, average exposure concentration objectives and critical levels to be met as soon as possible and by the year 2030 at the latest, as well as limit values to be met by 2035, which are to be regularly reviewed in accordance with Article 3. It also sets long-term objectives, information thresholds and alert thresholds as part of air quality standards.

Amendment 39
Proposal for a directive
Article 1 – paragraph 3

3. Furthermore, this Directive contributes to achieving: the Union’s pollution-reduction, biodiversity and ecosystem objectives in accordance with the 8th Environment Action Programme, as set out in Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council55.

3. Furthermore, this Directive contributes to achieving the Union’s pollution-reduction, biodiversity and ecosystem objectives in accordance with the 8th Environment Action Programme, as set out in Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council55, as well as to enhanced synergies between the Union’s air quality policy and other relevant Union policies, in particular climate, transport and energy policies.

__________________

55 Decision (EU) 2022/591 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 April 2022 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2030 (OJ L 114, 12.4.2022, p. 22).

Amendment 40
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 3

3. measures for monitoring ambient air quality long-term trends and impacts of Union and national measures on ambient air quality ;

3. measures for monitoring ambient air quality long-term trends and impacts of Union and national measures, as well as measures established in cooperation with third countries, on ambient air quality;

Amendment 41
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 4

4. measures ensuring that the information on ambient air quality is made available to the public;

4. measures ensuring that the information on ambient air quality is harmonised across the Union and made available to the public;

Amendment 42
Proposal for a directive
Article 2 – paragraph 1 – point 6

6. measures promoting increased cooperation between Member States in reducing air pollution.

6. measures promoting increased cooperation between Member States, regional and local authorities, within and between Member States, as well as with third countries that have a common border with the Union, in reducing air pollution.

Amendment 43
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 1

1. By 31 December 2028, and every 5 years thereafter, and more often if substantial new scientific findings point to the need for it, the Commission shall review the scientific evidence related to air pollutants and their effects on human health and the environment relevant to achieving the objective set in Article 1 and present a report with the main findings to the European Parliament and to the Council.

Amendment 44
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2

In order to achieve the objectives set in Article 1, the review shall assess whether this Directive needs to be revised with a view to ensuring alignment with the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines and the latest scientific information.

In order to achieve the objectives set in Article 1, the review shall assess whether this Directive needs to be revised with a view to ensuring full and continuous alignment with the most up-to-date World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines, the most recent review by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and the latest scientific information.

Amendment 45
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 – point a

(a) latest scientific information from WHO and other relevant organisations,

(a) latest scientific information from relevant Union bodies, WHO and other relevant scientific organisations,

Amendment 46
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 – point b

(b) technological developments impacting air quality and its assessment,

(b) behavioural changes, fiscal policies and technological developments impacting air quality and its assessment,

Amendment 47
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 – point c

Amendment 48
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 – point c a (new)

(ca) direct and indirect healthcare and environmental costs associated with air pollution as well as cost-benefit analysis,

Amendment 49
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 – point d a (new)

(da) progress made in implementing other relevant Union legislation, in particular in the field of climate, transport and energy,

Amendment 50
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 – point d b (new)

(db) introduction by individual Member States of more stringent air quality standards in accordance with Article 193 TFEU.

Amendment 51
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3 a (new)

The Commission shall support and work closely with the WHO Regional Office for Europe to monitor and review the scientific evidence on health effects of air pollution.

Amendment 52
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. In the first regular review, by 31 December 2028, the Commission shall propose, if appropriate, limit values, target values or critical levels for the air pollutants measured by the monitoring supersites referred to in Article 10 but currently not included in Annex I. Those values or levels shall be in line with the latest scientific evidence as to what is necessary to protect human health and the environment. In the framework of the first regular review, the Commission shall publish an assessment on the possibility to convert the target value for ozone into a limit value, accompanied, if appropriate, by a legislative proposal.

Amendment 53
Proposal for a directive
Article 3 – paragraph 4

4. Where the Commission considers it appropriate, as a result of the review, it shall present a proposal to revise air quality standards or to cover other air pollutants.

4. Where the Commission considers it appropriate, as a result of the review, it shall present a proposal to revise air quality standards or to cover other air pollutants. Such a proposal shall be developed in line with the non-regression principle.

Amendment 54
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 1 a (new)

(1a) ‘air quality standards’ means limit values, target values, average exposure reduction obligations, average exposure concentration objectives, critical levels, information thresholds and alert thresholds;

Amendment 55
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 21

(21) ‘objective estimation’ means an assessment method to obtain quantitative or qualitative information on the concentration or deposition level of a pollutant through expert judgement, which may include use of statistical tools, remote sensing, and in-situ sensors;

deleted

Amendment 56
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 23

(23) ‘urban background locations’ means places in urban areas where levels are representative of the exposure of the general urban population;

(23) ‘urban background locations’ means places in urban areas where levels are representative of the exposure of the general urban population, including urban sensitive population and vulnerable groups;

Amendment 57
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 24

(24) ‘rural background locations’ means places in rural areas with low population density where levels are representative of the exposure of the general rural population;

(24) ‘rural background locations’ means places in rural areas with low population density where levels are representative of the exposure of the general rural population, including rural sensitive population and vulnerable groups;

Amendment 58
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 24 a (new)

(24a) ‘air pollution hotspot’ means a place where the pollution level is strongly influenced by the emissions from heavy pollution sources such as, but not limited to, nearby congested and heavily trafficked roads, motorways or other highways, a single industrial source or an industrial area with many sources, ports, airports, intensive residential heating, or a combination thereof;

Amendment 59
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 26

(26) ‘limit value’ means a level which is not to be exceeded and which is fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health or the environment ;

(26) ‘limit value’ means a level which is fixed on the basis of scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health or the environment, and which is to be attained within a given period and not to be exceeded once attained ;

Amendment 60
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 28

(28) ‘average exposure indicator’ means an average level determined on the basis of measurements at urban background locations throughout the territorial unit at NUTS 1 level as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003, or, if there is no urban area located in that territorial unit, at rural background locations, and which reflects population exposure, used to check whether the average exposure reduction obligation and the average exposure concentration objective for that territorial unit have been met;

(28) ‘average exposure indicator’ means an average level determined on the basis of measurements at urban background locations throughout the territorial unit at NUTS 2 level as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003, or, if there is no urban area located in that territorial unit, at rural background locations, and which reflects population exposure, used to check whether the average exposure reduction obligation and the average exposure concentration objective for that territorial unit have been met;

Amendment 61
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 29

(29) ‘ average exposure reduction obligation ’ means a percentage reduction of the average exposure of the population , expressed as average exposure indicator, of a territorial unit at NUTS 1 level as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council57 set for the reference year with the aim of reducing harmful effects on human health, to be attained over a given period;

(29) ‘average exposure reduction obligation’ means a percentage reduction of the average exposure of the population , expressed as average exposure indicator, of a territorial unit at NUTS 2 level as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council57 set for the reference year with the aim of reducing harmful effects on human health, to be attained over a given period and not to be exceeded once attained;

__________________

57 Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1).

Amendment 62
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 30

(30) ‘ average exposure concentration objective ’ means a level of the average exposure indicator to be attained, with the aim of reducing harmful effects on human health ;

(30) ‘average exposure concentration objective ’ means a level of the average exposure indicator set with the aim of reducing harmful effects on human health, to be attained within a given period and not to be exceeded once attained;

Amendment 63
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 35

(35) ‘contributions from natural sources’ means emissions of pollutants not caused directly or indirectly by human activities, including natural events such as volcanic eruptions, seismic activities, geothermal activities, wild-land fires, high-wind events, sea sprays or the atmospheric re-suspension or transport of natural particles from dry regions;

Amendment 296
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 35 a (new)

(35a) ‘air quality roadmap’ means an air quality plan, adopted ahead of the attainment deadline of new limit values laid down in Section 1, Table 1, of Annex I and intermediate limit values laid down in Section 1, Table 1A, of Annex I, that sets out short- and long-term policies and measures in order to comply with those limit values;

Amendment 65
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 36

(36) ‘air quality plans’ means plans that set out measures in order to comply with limit values, ozone target values or average exposure reduction obligations ;

(36) ‘air quality plans’ means plans that set out measures in order to comply with limit values, ozone target values or average exposure reduction obligations once these have been exceeded;

Amendment 66
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 38

(38) ‘the public concerned’ means the public affected or likely to be affected by exceedances of air quality standards, or having an interest in, the decision-making procedures related to the implementation of the obligations under this Directive, including non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment and meeting any requirements under national law;

Amendment 67
Proposal for a directive
Article 4 – paragraph 1 – point 39

(39) ‘sensitive population and vulnerable groups’ means those population groups that are more vulnerable to air pollution exposure than the average population, because they have a higher sensitivity or a lower threshold for health effects or have a reduced ability to protect themselves.

(39) ‘sensitive population and vulnerable groups’ means those population groups that are permanently or temporarily more sensitive or more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution than the average population, because of specific characteristics that make the health consequences of exposure more significant or because they have a higher sensitivity or a lower threshold for health effects or have a reduced ability to protect themselves.

Amendment 68
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point b

(b) approval of measurement systems (methods, equipment, networks and laboratories);

(b) approval of measurement systems (locations, methods, equipment, networks and laboratories) and ensuring an adequate functioning and maintenance of the monitoring network;

Amendment 69
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point c

(c) ensuring the accuracy of measurements and the transfer and sharing of measurement data, including their compliance with the data quality objectives laid down in Annex V;

Amendment 70
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point d

(d) ensuring the accuracy of modelling applications;

(d) ensuring the accuracy of air quality modelling applications;

Amendment 71
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point g

(g) cooperation with the other Member States and the Commission;

(g) cooperation with the other Member States, third countries and the Commission;

Amendment 72
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point h

(h) establishment of air quality plans;

(h) establishment of air quality plans and air quality roadmaps;

Amendment 73
Proposal for a directive
Article 5 – paragraph 1 – point i a (new)

(ia) provision and maintenance of an hourly updated air quality index and other relevant public information.

Amendment 74
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 4

4. In all zones where the level of pollutants is below the assessment threshold established for those pollutants, modelling applications, indicative measurements, objective-estimation techniques, or a combination thereof shall be sufficient for the assessment of the ambient air quality.

4. In all zones where the level of pollutants is below the assessment threshold established for those pollutants, a combination of modelling applications and indicative measurements shall be sufficient for the assessment of the ambient air quality.

Amendment 75
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 5

5. If modelling shows an exceedance of any limit value or ozone target value in an area of the zone not covered by fixed measurements, additional fixed or indicative measurements shall be used during at least 1 calendar year after the exceedance was recorded, to assess the concentration level of the relevant pollutant.

5. If modelling or indicative measurements show an exceedance of any limit value or ozone target value in an area of the zone not covered by fixed measurements, additional fixed measurements shall be installed within 6 months after the exceedance was recorded and shall be used during at least 1 calendar year to assess the concentration level of the relevant pollutant.

Amendment 76
Proposal for a directive
Article 8 – paragraph 7

7. In addition to monitoring required under Article 10, Member States shall, where applicable, monitor ultrafine particles levels in accordance with Point D of Annex III and Section 3 of Annex VII.

7. In addition to monitoring required under Article 10, Member States shall monitor ultrafine particles levels, black carbon, ammonia and mercury in accordance with Point D of Annex III and Sections 3, 3a, 3b and 3c of Annex VII.

Amendment 77
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 a (new)

The location of sampling points shall be representative of the exposure of at risk communities and of the exposure of one or more sensitive population and vulnerable groups.

Amendment 78
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 2

2. In each zone where the level of pollutants exceeds the assessment threshold specified in Annex II, the number of sampling points for each pollutant shall not be less than the minimum number of sampling points specified in Tables 3 and 4 of Points A and Point C, of Annex III .

Amendment 79
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 3 – point c

(c) the number of indicative measurements is the same as the number of fixed measurements that are being replaced and the indicative measurements have a minimum duration of 2 months per calendar year;

Amendment 80
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 5

5. Each Member State shall, in accordance with Annex IV, ensure that the distribution used for the calculation of the average exposure indicators for PM2.5 and NO2, reflect the general population exposure adequately. The number of sampling points shall be no less than that determined by application of Point B, of Annex III.

5. Each Member State shall, in accordance with Annex IV, ensure that the distribution used for the calculation of the average exposure indicators for PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), reflect the general population exposure adequately. The number of sampling points shall be no less than that determined by application of Point B, of Annex III.

Amendment 81
Proposal for a directive
Article 9 – paragraph 7

7. Sampling points at which exceedances of any limit value specified in Section 1 of Annex I were recorded within the previous 3 years shall not be relocated, unless a relocation is necessary due to special circumstances, including spatial development. Relocation of sampling points shall be done within their area of spatial representativeness and be based on modelling results.

7. Sampling points at which exceedances of any limit value specified in Section 1 of Annex I were recorded within the previous 3 years shall not be relocated, unless a relocation is absolutely necessary. Relocation of sampling points shall be done within their area of spatial representativeness, ensure continuity of measurement and be based on modelling results.

Amendment 82
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1

Each Member State shall establish at least one monitoring supersite per 10 million inhabitants at an urban background location. Member States that have fewer than 10 million inhabitants shall establish at least one monitoring supersite at an urban background location.

Each Member State shall establish at least one monitoring supersite per 2 million inhabitants at an urban background location. Member States that have fewer than 2 million inhabitants shall establish at least one monitoring supersite at an urban background location.

Amendment 83
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 5

5. Measurements at all monitoring supersites at urban background locations shall include fixed or indicative measurements of size distribution of ultrafine particles and particulate matter oxidative potential.

5. Measurements at all monitoring supersites at urban background locations shall include fixed measurements of size distribution of ultrafine particles and particulate matter oxidative potential.

Amendment 84
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 6 – point a

(a) fixed measurements of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), black carbon (BC), ammonia (NH3) and ultrafine particles (UFP).

(a) fixed measurements of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), black carbon (BC), ammonia (NH3) and ultrafine particles (UFP).

Amendment 85
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 6 – point b

(b) fixed or indicative measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for the purposes of providing, as a minimum, information on their total mass concentration and their chemical speciation concentrations on an annual average basis in accordance with Section 1 of Annex VII;

(b) fixed measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for the purposes of providing, as a minimum, information on their total mass concentration and their chemical speciation concentrations on an annual average basis in accordance with Section 1 of Annex VII;

Amendment 86
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 6 – point c

(c) fixed or indicative measurements of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, total gaseous mercury, benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in Article 8(6), and of the total deposition of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel, benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in Article 8(6), irrespective of concentration levels.

(c) fixed measurements of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, total gaseous mercury, benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in Article 8(6), and of the total deposition of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel, lead, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene and the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons referred to in Article 8(6), irrespective of concentration levels.

Amendment 87
Proposal for a directive
Article 10 – paragraph 7

7. Measurements of particulate and gaseous divalent mercury may also be undertaken at monitoring supersites at urban background locations and rural background locations.

7. Measurements of particulate and gaseous divalent mercury shall also be undertaken at monitoring supersites at urban background locations and rural background locations.

Amendment 88
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – title

Requirements where levels are lower than the limit values , ozone target value and average exposure concentration objectives, but above the assessment thresholds

Requirements where levels are lower than the limit values, ozone target value and average exposure concentration objectives

Amendment 89
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 2

2. In zones in which ozone levels are below the ozone target value Member States shall take necessary measures to maintain those levels below the ozone target value and endeavour to attain the long-term objectives specified in Section 2 of Annex I , in so far as factors including the transboundary nature of ozone pollution and meteorological conditions so permit, and provided that any necessary measures do not entail a disproportionate cost.

2. In zones in which ozone levels are below the ozone target value Member States shall take necessary measures to maintain those levels below the ozone target value and attain the long-term objectives specified in Section 2 of Annex I, in so far as factors including the transboundary nature of ozone pollution and meteorological conditions so permit. Once the long-term objectives are attained, Member States shall maintain the ozone levels below the long-term objectives.

Amendment 90
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 3

3. In territorial units at NUTS 1 level as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 where the average exposure indicators for PM2.5 and NO2 are below the respective value of the average exposure concentration objectives for those pollutants as laid down in Section 5 of Annex I, Member States shall maintain the levels of those pollutants below the average exposure concentration objectives

3. In territorial units at NUTS 2 level as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 where the average exposure indicators for PM2.5 and NO2 are below the respective value of the average exposure concentration objectives for those pollutants as laid down in Section 5 of Annex I, Member States shall maintain the levels of those pollutants below the average exposure concentration objectives

Amendment 91
Proposal for a directive
Article 12 – paragraph 4

4. Member States shall endeavour to achieve and preserve the best ambient air quality and a high level of environmental and human health protection, in line with the air quality guidelines published by the WHO and below the assessment thresholds laid down in Annex II .

4. Member States shall endeavour to achieve and preserve the best ambient air quality and a high level of environmental and human health protection , in line with the most recent WHO Air Quality Guidelines and reviews published by the WHO Regional Office for Europe and below the assessment thresholds laid down in Annex II, paying particular attention to the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups.

Amendment 92
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 3

3. Member States shall ensure that the average exposure reduction obligations for PM2.5 and NO2 laid down in Section 5, Point B, of Annex I, are met throughout their territorial units at NUTS 1 level, where they exceed the average exposure concentration objectives set out in Section 5, Point C, of Annex I.

3. Member States shall ensure that the average exposure reduction obligations for PM2.5 and NO2 laid down in Section 5, Point B, of Annex I, are met throughout their territorial units at NUTS 2 level, where they exceed the average exposure concentration objectives set out in Section 5, Point C, of Annex I.

Amendment 297
Proposal for a directive
Article 13 – paragraph 6

6. The deadline for attaining the limit values laid down in Table 1 of Section 1 of Annex I may be postponed in accordance with Article 18.

6. The deadline for attaining the limit values laid down in Table 1 of Section 1 of Annex I and the intermediate limit values laid down in Table 1A of Section 1 of Annex I for the pollutants referred to in Article 18(1) may be postponed in accordance with Article 18.

Amendment 94
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 1

1. The alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide , and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in ambient air shall be those laid down in Section 4, Point A of Annex I.

1. The alert thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone in ambient air shall be those laid down in Section 4, Point A of Annex I.

Amendment 95
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2

2. The alert threshold and information threshold for ozone shall be that laid down in Section 4, Point B, of Annex I.

2. The information thresholds for concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone shall be that laid down in Section 4, Point B, of Annex I.

Amendment 96
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. Where any alert threshold laid down in Section 4, Point A, of Annex I is exceeded, Member States shall implement without undue delay the emergency measures indicated in the short-term action plans drawn up under Article 20.

Amendment 97
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3

3. Where any alert threshold or any information threshold laid down in Section 4 of Annex I is exceeded, Member States shall take the necessary steps to inform the public within a few hours at the latest, making use of different media and communication channels and ensuring broad public access .

3. Where any alert threshold laid down in Section 4 of Annex I is exceeded, Member States shall take the necessary steps to inform the public within a few hours at the latest, in a coherent and easily understandable manner, providing detailed information about the severity of the exceedance and the associated health impacts, as well as suggestions for the protection of the population, with a special focus on sensitive population and vulnerable groups. Member States shall make use of different media and communication channels and ensure broad public access.

Amendment 98
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Where any information threshold laid down in Section 4 of Annex I is exceeded, Member States shall take the necessary steps to inform the public, and sensitive population and vulnerable groups in particular, within a few hours at the latest, in an accessible, coherent and easily understandable manner.

Amendment 99
Proposal for a directive
Article 15 – paragraph 4

4. Member States shall ensure that information about actual or predicted exceedances of any alert threshold or information threshold is provided to the public as soon as possible in accordance with, points 2 and 3 of Annex IX.

4. Member States shall ensure that information about actual or predicted exceedances of any alert threshold or information threshold is provided to the public in a coherent and easily understandable manner as soon as possible in accordance with, points 2 and 3 of Annex IX.

Amendment 100
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 1 – point b

(b) NUTS 1 territorial units where exceedances of the level determined by the average exposure reduction obligations are attributable to natural sources.

(b) NUTS 2 territorial units where exceedances of the level determined by the average exposure reduction obligations are attributable to natural sources.

Amendment 101
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 2

2. Member States shall provide the Commission with lists of any such zones and NUTS 1 territorial units, as referred to in paragraph 1, together with information on concentrations and sources and the evidence demonstrating that the exceedances are attributable to natural sources.

2. Member States shall provide the Commission with lists of any such zones and NUTS 2 territorial units, as referred to in paragraph 1, together with:

(a) information on concentrations and sources;

(b) the evidence demonstrating that the exceedances are attributable to natural sources and could not have been anticipated, prevented or mitigated by the Member State concerned, including, where appropriate, the evidence demonstrating the impact of ecosystem perturbations driven by climate change resulting in such exceedances;

(c) information on the implementation of relevant measures under the national strategy for adaptation to climate change adopted pursuant to Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) 2021/1119.

Amendment 102
Proposal for a directive
Article 16 – paragraph 3

3. Where the Commission has been informed of an exceedance attributable to natural sources in accordance with paragraph 2, that exceedance shall not be considered as an exceedance for the purposes of this Directive.

3. Where the Commission has been informed of an exceedance attributable to natural sources in accordance with paragraph 2, it shall review the evidence and inform the Member State whether that exceedance may not be considered as an exceedance for the purposes of this Directive.

Amendment 103
Proposal for a directive
Article 17 – paragraph 1

1. Member States may, for a given year, identify zones within which limit values for PM10 are exceeded in ambient air due to the re-suspension of particulates following winter-sanding or winter -salting of roads.

1. Member States may, for a given month, identify zones within which limit values for PM10 are exceeded in ambient air due to the re-suspension of particulates following winter-sanding or winter -salting of roads.

Amendment 298
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – introductory part

1. Where, in a given zone , conformity with the limit values for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) or nitrogen dioxide cannot be achieved by the deadline specified in Table 1 of Section 1 of Annex I, because of site-specific dispersion characteristics, orographic boundary conditions, adverse climatic conditions or transboundary contributions, a Member State may postpone - that deadline once by a maximum of 5 years for that particular zone , if the following conditions are met:

1. Where, in a given zone , conformity with the limit values for particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) or nitrogen dioxide cannot be achieved by the deadlines specified in Tables 1 and 1A of Section 1 of Annex I, because of exceptional and unpreventable site-specific dispersion characteristics, orographic boundary conditions or transboundary contributions, a Member State may postpone - that deadline once by a maximum of 5 years for that particular zone , if the following conditions are met:

Amendment 105
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point -a (new)

(-a) the levels of pollutants in ambient air in the relevant zone are below the limit values specified in Section 1, Table 2, of Annex I;

Amendment 106
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point a

(a) an air quality plan is established in accordance with Article 19(4) and meeting the requirements listed in Article 19(5) to (7) for the zone to which the postponement would apply;

(a) an air quality roadmap is established in accordance with Article 19(-1) and meeting the requirements listed in Article 19(5) to (7) for the zone to which the postponement would apply;

Amendment 107
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point b

(b) the air quality plan referred in point (a) is supplemented by the information listed in Point B of Annex VIII related to the pollutants concerned and demonstrates how exceedance periods above the limit values will be kept as short as possible ;

(b) the air quality roadmap referred in point (a) is supplemented by the information listed in Point B of Annex VIII related to the pollutants concerned as well as annual projections on the evolution of emissions and concentrations in the zone concerned until the attainment date and demonstrates how the limit values will be attained by the end of the postponed deadline for compliance and how exceedance periods above the limit values will be kept as short as possible;

Amendment 108
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point c

(c) the air quality plan referred to in point (a) outlines how the public and, in particular, sensitive population and vulnerable groups will be informed about the consequences of the postponement for human health and the environment;

(c) the air quality roadmap referred to in point (a) outlines how the public and, in particular, sensitive population and vulnerable groups will be informed in a coherent and easily understandable manner about the consequences of the postponement for human health and the environment;

Amendment 109
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 1 – point d

(d) the air quality plan referred to in point (a) outlines how additional funding, including via relevant national and Union funding programmes, will be mobilised to accelerate the improvement of air quality in the zone to which the postponement would apply;

(d) the air quality roadmap referred to in point (a) outlines how additional funding, including via relevant national and Union funding programmes, where such funding is foreseen, will be mobilised to accelerate the improvement of air quality in the zone to which the postponement would apply;

Amendment 110
Proposal for a directive
Article 18 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1

Member States shall notify the Commission where, in their view, paragraph 1 is applicable, and shall communicate the air quality plan referred to in paragraph 1 and all relevant information necessary for the Commission to assess whether the invoked reason for postponement and the conditions set out in that paragraph are satisfied. In its assessment, the Commission shall take into account estimated effects on ambient air quality in Member States, at present and in the future, of measures that have been taken by Member States as well as estimated effects on ambient air quality of Union measures .

Member States shall notify the Commission where, in their view, paragraph 1 is applicable, and shall communicate the air quality roadmap referred to in paragraph 1 and all relevant information necessary for the Commission to assess whether the invoked reason for postponement and the conditions set out in that paragraph are satisfied. In its assessment, the Commission shall take into account estimated effects on ambient air quality in Member States, at present and in the future, of measures that have been taken by Member States as well as estimated effects on ambient air quality of Union measures . Where annual projections provided in accordance with paragraph 1, point (b), demonstrate that the measures set out in the air quality roadmap are insufficient to achieve likely compliance with the limit value of the pollutant concerned by the postponed attainment deadline, Member States shall update the air quality roadmap and revise the measures therein in order to ensure compliance by that deadline.

Amendment 111
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – title

Air quality plans

Air quality plans and air quality roadmaps

Amendment 299
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph -1 (new)

-1. Where from ... [three months after the date of entry into force of this Directive], in a zone or NUTS 2 territorial unit, the levels of any pollutant recorded for the preceding calendar year are above any limit value to be attained by 1 January 2035 as laid down in Section 1, Table 1, of Annex I or any target value to be attained by 1 January 2030 as laid down in Section 2, Point B, of Annex I, the Member State concerned shall establish an air quality roadmap for that pollutant as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which the exceedance of the pollutant was recorded in order to attain the respective limit values, intermediate limit values or ozone target value by the expiration of the attainment deadlines.
Where, for the same pollutant as referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, a Member State is required to establish an air quality roadmap in accordance with that subparagraph as well as an air quality plan in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article, it may establish a combined air quality roadmap in accordance with paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of this Article and provide information on the expected impact of measures to reach compliance for each limit value it addresses, as required by Point A, points 5 and 6, of Annex VIII. Any such combined air quality roadmap shall set out appropriate measures to achieve all related limit values and to keep all exceedance periods as short as possible.

Amendment 113
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1

Where, in given zones the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed any limit value , laid down in Section 1 of Annex I, , Member States shall establish air quality plans for those zones as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which that exceedance of any limit value was recorded. Those air quality plans shall set out appropriate measures to achieve the concerned limit value and to keep the exceedance period as short as possible, and in any case no longer than 3 years from the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was reported .

Where, in given zones the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed any limit value, laid down in Section 1 of Annex I, Member States shall establish air quality plans for those zones as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which that exceedance of any limit value was recorded. Those air quality plans shall set out all appropriate and sufficient measures to achieve the concerned limit value and to keep the exceedance period as short as possible, and in any case no longer than 3 years from the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded.

Amendment 114
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2

Where exceedances of any limit values persist during the third calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan, Member States shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein, and take additional and more effective measures, in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.

Where exceedances of any limit values persist during the third calendar year after the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded, Member States shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein, including updated detailed information concerning the status of implementation of the Directives referred to in Point B, point 1, of Annex VIII and take additional and more effective measures, in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible and in any case no longer than 1 calendar year after the update of the air quality plan.

Amendment 115
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 1

Where in a given NUTS 1 territorial unit, the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed the ozone target value, laid down in Section 2 of Annex I, Member States shall establish air quality plans for those NUTS 1 territorial units as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which the exceedance of the ozone target value was recorded. Those air quality plans shall set out appropriate measures in order to achieve the ozone target value and to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.

Where in a given NUTS 2 territorial unit, the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed the ozone target value, laid down in Section 2 of Annex I, Member States shall establish air quality plans for those NUTS 2 territorial units as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which the exceedance of the ozone target value was recorded. Those air quality plans shall set out appropriate and sufficient measures in order to achieve the ozone target value and to keep the exceedance period as short as possible, and in any case no longer than 3 years from the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded.

Amendment 116
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 2

Where exceedances of the ozone target value persist during the fifth calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan in the relevant NUTS 1 territorial unit, Member States shall update air quality plan and the measures therein, and take additional and more effective measures, in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.

Where exceedances of the ozone target value persist during the third calendar year after the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded in the relevant NUTS 2 territorial unit, Member States shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein, and take additional and more effective measures, in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible, and in any case no longer than 2 calendar years after the update of the air quality plan.

Amendment 117
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 2 – subparagraph 3

For NUTS 1 territorial units where the ozone target value is exceeded, Member States shall ensure that the relevant national air pollution control programme prepared pursuant to Article 6 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284 includes measures addressing those exceedances.

For NUTS 2 territorial units where the ozone target value is exceeded, Member States shall ensure that the relevant national air pollution control programme prepared pursuant to Article 6 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284 includes measures addressing those exceedances.

Amendment 118
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 1

Where in a given NUTS 1 territorial unit, the average exposure reduction obligation laid down in Section 5 of Annex I is exceeded, Member States shall establish air quality plans for those NUTS 1 territorial units as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which the exceedance of the average exposure reduction obligation was recorded. Those air quality plans shall set out appropriate measures to achieve the average exposure reduction obligation and to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.

Where in a given NUTS 2 territorial unit, the average exposure reduction obligation laid down in Section 5 of Annex I is exceeded, Member States shall establish air quality plans for those NUTS 2 territorial units as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which the exceedance of the average exposure reduction obligation was recorded. Those air quality plans shall set out appropriate and sufficient measures to achieve the average exposure reduction obligation and to keep the exceedance period as short as possible and in any case no longer than 3 years from the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded.

Amendment 119
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 3 – subparagraph 2

Where exceedances of the average exposure reduction obligation persist during the fifth calendar year after the establishment of the air quality plan, Member States shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein, and take additional and more effective measures, in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible.

Where exceedances of the average exposure reduction obligation persist during the third calendar year after the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded, Member States shall update the air quality plan and the measures therein, including updated detailed information concerning the status of implementation of the Directives referred to in Point B, point 1, of Annex VIII and take additional and more effective measures, in the subsequent calendar year to keep the exceedance period as short as possible, and in any case no longer than 1 calendar year after the update of the air quality plan.

Amendment 120
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 4

4. Where from [insert year 2 years after entry into force of this Directive], until 31 December 2029 in a zone or NUTS 1 territorial unit, the levels of pollutants are above any limit value to be attained by 1 January 2030 as laid down in Table 1 of Section 1 of Annex I, Member States shall establish an air quality plan for the concerned pollutant as soon as possible and no later than 2 years after the calendar year during which the exceedance of the was recorded to attain the respective limit values or ozone target value by the expiration of the attainment deadline.

deleted

Where, for the same pollutant, Member States are required to establish an air quality plan in accordance with this paragraph as well as an air quality plan in accordance with Article 19(1), they may establish a combined air quality plan in accordance with Article 19(5), (6) and (7) and provide information on the expected impact of measures to reach compliance for each limit value it addresses, as required by in Annex VIII, points 5 and 6. Any such combined air quality plan shall set out appropriate measures to achieve all related limit values and to keep all exceedance periods as short as possible.

Amendment 121
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part

Air quality plans shall contain at least the following information:

Air quality plans and air quality roadmaps shall contain at least the following information:

Amendment 122
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 1 – point b a (new)

(ba) the information referred to in Point B, point 1, of Annex VIII, and in particular measures included in the National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP);

Amendment 123
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 1 – point c

Amendment 124
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 2

Member States shall consider including measures referred to in Article 20(2) and specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, including children in their air quality plans .

Member States shall include measures referred to in Article 20(2) and specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, including children in their air quality plans and air quality roadmaps.

Amendment 125
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 3

Regarding the pollutants concerned, when preparing air quality plans, Member States shall assess the risk of exceeding the respective alert thresholds. That analysis shall be used for establishing short-term action plans where applicable.

Regarding the pollutants concerned, when preparing air quality plans or air quality roadmaps, Member States shall assess the risk of exceeding the respective alert thresholds. That analysis shall be used for establishing short-term action plans where applicable.

Amendment 126
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 4

Where air quality plans shall be established in respect of several pollutants or air quality standards , Member States shall, where appropriate, establish integrated air quality plans covering all pollutants and air quality standards concerned.

Where air quality plans or air quality roadmaps shall be established in respect of several pollutants or air quality standards, Member States shall, where appropriate, establish integrated air quality plans or air quality roadmaps covering all pollutants and air quality standards concerned.

Amendment 127
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 5

Member States shall, to the extent feasible, ensure consistency of their air quality plans with other plans that have a significant impact on air quality, including those required under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council58, Directives (EU) 2016/2284 and 2002/49/EC and under climate, energy, transport and agriculture legislation .

Member States shall, to the extent feasible, ensure consistency of their air quality plans and air quality roadmaps with other plans that have a significant impact on air quality, including those required under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council58, Directives (EU) 2016/2284 and 2002/49/EC and under climate, biodiversity protection, energy, transport and agriculture legislation.

__________________

58 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (OJ L 334, 17.12.2010, p. 17).

Amendment 128
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. The Commission may, at the request of a Member State, provide assistance and technical expertise in the framework of the Technical Support Instrument (TSI) in order to support air quality policies and measures in the Member State concerned.

Amendment 129
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 6 – subparagraph -1 (new)

Member States shall ensure that before the time period for receiving comments from the public starts, the draft air quality plan or draft air quality roadmap containing the minimum information required under Points A and B of Annex VIII is made available to the public on the internet, free of charge and without restricting access to registered users, and, where appropriate, through other non-digital communication channels. Member States may also make available to the public on the internet, free of charge and without restricting access to registered users, and, where appropriate, through other non-digital communication channels the following:

(a) information on the methods used to assess the estimated impact of the air quality plan or air quality roadmap pursuant to Point Ba of Annex VIII, and the background documents and information used for the development of the draft air quality plan or draft air quality roadmap;

(b) a non-technical summary of the information referred to in this subparagraph.

Amendment 130
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 6 – subparagraph 1

Member States shall consult the public, in accordance with Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council59 , and the competent authorities, which, by reason of their responsibilities in the field of air pollution and air quality, are likely to be concerned by the implementation of the air quality plans, on draft air quality plans and any significant updates of air quality plans prior to their finalisation.

Member States shall consult the public, in accordance with Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council59, and the competent authorities, which, by reason of their responsibilities in the field of air pollution and air quality, are likely to be concerned by the implementation of the air quality plans and air quality roadmaps, on draft air quality plans and draft air quality roadmaps and any significant updates of air quality plans and air quality roadmaps prior to their finalisation.

__________________

59 Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC (OJ L 156, 25.6.2003, p. 17).

Amendment 131
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 6 – subparagraph 2

When preparing air quality plans, Member States shall ensure that stakeholders whose activities contribute to the exceedance situation are encouraged to propose measures they are able to take to help end the exceedances and that non-governmental organisations, such as environmental organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations are allowed to take part in those consultations.

Member States shall encourage the active involvement of all interested parties in the implementation of this Directive, in particular in the preparation, review and update of air quality plans and air quality roadmaps. When preparing air quality plans and air quality roadmaps, Member States shall ensure that stakeholders whose activities contribute to the exceedance situation are encouraged to propose measures they are able to take to help end the exceedances and that non-governmental organisations, such as environmental and health organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, other relevant health-care bodies, including healthcare professionals and the relevant industrial federations are encouraged to take part in those consultations. Member States shall make sure that relevant stakeholders and citizens are duly informed about the specific sources and air pollutants affecting air quality and the relevant air pollution mitigation measures that exist and are available on the market.

Amendment 132
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 7

7. Air quality plans shall be communicated to the Commission within 2 months after their adoption .

7. Air quality plans and air quality roadmaps shall be communicated to the Commission within 2 months after their adoption .

Amendment 133
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 7 a (new)

7a. The Commission shall establish, by means of implementing acts, a template with the format and structure of the air quality plans and air quality roadmaps. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 26(2).

Amendment 134
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 7 b (new)

7b. The Commission may establish guidance on the elaboration, implementation and revision of air quality plans and, where appropriate, air quality roadmaps.

Amendment 135
Proposal for a directive
Article 19 – paragraph 7 c (new)

7c. The Commission shall facilitate the elaboration and implementation of the air quality plans and air quality roadmaps, where appropriate, through an exchange of good practices.

Amendment 136
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2

However, where there is a risk that the alert threshold for ozone Member States may refrain from drawing up such short-term action plans when there is no significant potential, taking into account national geographical, meteorological and economic conditions, to reduce the risk, duration or severity of such an exceedance.

However, where there is a risk that the alert threshold for ozone will be exceeded, Member States may refrain from drawing up such short-term action plans when there is no significant potential, taking into account national geographical, meteorological and economic conditions, to reduce the risk, duration or severity of such an exceedance.

Amendment 137
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2 a (new)

In order to inform citizens about poor air quality and its effects, competent authorities shall require the permanent display of easily understandable information on symptoms associated with air pollution peaks and on behaviour to reduce exposure to air pollution in the vicinity of communities of sensitive population and vulnerable groups.

Amendment 138
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 2

2. When drawing up the short-term action plans referred to in paragraph 1 Member States may, depending on the individual case, provide for effective measures to control and, where necessary, temporarily suspend activities which contribute to the risk of the respective limit values or target values or alert threshold being exceeded. Depending on the share of the main pollution sources to the exceedances to be addressed, those short-term action plans shall consider including measures in relation to transport , construction works, industrial installations and the use of products and domestic heating. Specific actions aiming at the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, including children, shall also be considered in the framework of those plans.

2. When drawing up the short-term action plans referred to in paragraph 1 Member States may, depending on the individual case, provide for effective measures to control and, where necessary, temporarily suspend activities which contribute to the risk of the respective limit values or target values or alert threshold being exceeded. Member States shall also take into consideration the list of measures set out in Annex VIIIa for their short-term action plans, and depending on the share of the main pollution sources to the exceedances to be addressed, shall at least consider including measures in relation to transport, construction works, industrial installations and the use of products and domestic heating. Specific actions aiming at the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, including children shall also be considered in the framework of those plans.

Amendment 139
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Member States may request the Commission to provide technical assistance and support in drawing up the short-term action plans.

Amendment 140
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 4

4. When Member States have drawn up a short-term action plan, they shall make available to the public and to appropriate organisations such as environmental organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations both the results of their investigations on the feasibility and the content of specific short-term action plans as well as information on the implementation of these plans.

4. When Member States have drawn up a short-term action plan, they shall make available to the public and to appropriate organisations such as environmental and health organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, healthcare professionals, other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations both the results of their investigations on the feasibility and the content of specific short-term action plans as well as information on the implementation of these plans.

Amendment 141
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. Member States shall use modelling and forecasting to identify the risk that the levels of pollutants will exceed one or more of the alert thresholds and shall ensure that emergency measures enter into force soon after a risk of exceedance is forecasted in order to prevent such exceedance.

Amendment 142
Proposal for a directive
Article 20 – paragraph 5 a (new)

5a. The Commission may establish guidelines setting out best practices for drawing up short-term action plans, including examples of best practices for the protection of sensitive population and vulnerable groups, including children. Those examples shall be updated regularly. The Commission shall promote the exchange of best practices among Member States through the EU Clean Air Forum.

Amendment 143
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2

The Member States concerned shall cooperate to identify the sources of air pollution and the measures to be taken to address those sources, and draw up joint activities, such as the preparation of joint or coordinated air quality plans pursuant to Article 19, in order to remove such exceedances .

The Member States concerned shall cooperate at national, regional and local level, including by establishing joint teams of experts, to identify the sources of air pollution and the shares of pollution originating from each country and the measures to be taken individually and jointly to address those sources, and draw up joint activities, such as the preparation of joint or coordinated air quality plans pursuant to Article 19, in order to remove such exceedances.

Amendment 144
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 2 a (new)

The Member States concerned shall inform the Commission without undue delay of the situation and measures taken.

Amendment 145
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 3

Member States shall respond to each other in a timely manner, and no later than 3 months after being notified by another Member State in accordance with the first subparagraph.

Member States shall respond to each other in a timely manner, and no later than 2 months after being notified by another Member State in accordance with the first subparagraph.

Amendment 146
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 2

2. The Commission shall be informed of, and invited to be present and to assist in any cooperation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article . Where appropriate, the Commission shall, taking into account the reports established pursuant to Article 11 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284 , consider whether further action shall be taken at Union level in order to reduce precursor emissions responsible for transboundary pollution.

2. The Commission shall be informed of, and invited to be present, assist and oversee any cooperation referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. The Commission may also, in cooperation with the Member States concerned, draw up working plans for the implementation of proposed measures. Where appropriate, the Commission shall, taking into account the reports established pursuant to Article 11 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284, consider whether further action shall be taken at Union level in order to reduce precursor emissions responsible for transboundary pollution.

Amendment 147
Proposal for a directive
Article 21 – paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. Where a Member State takes legal action for a violation of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive, as referred to in Article 29, that have caused air pollution in another Member State, Member States shall cooperate in an efficient manner.

Amendment 148
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – introductory part

1. Member States shall ensure that the public as well as appropriate organisations such as environmental organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive populations and vulnerable groups , other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations are informed, adequately and in good time, of the following:

1. Member States shall ensure that the public as well as appropriate organisations such as environmental and health organisations, consumer organisations, organisations representing the interests of sensitive populations and vulnerable groups, healthcare professionals and other relevant health-care bodies and the relevant industrial federations are informed, adequately and in good time, of the following:

Amendment 149
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point a

(a) air quality in accordance with Annex points 1 and 3 of IX;

(a) air quality in accordance with Annex IX;

Amendment 150
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point a a (new)

(aa) any observed lack of data from sampling points, in particular in relation to the data referred to in point 1, points (a) and (b), of Annex IX;

Amendment 151
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point c

Amendment 152
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point d

(d) short-term action plans as provided for in Article 20;

(d) short-term action plans drawn up in accordance with Article 20;

Amendment 153
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point d a (new)

(da) overview of air pollution sources and air pollutants affecting air quality in a Member State concerned;

Amendment 154
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point d b (new)

(db) documentation submitted to the Commission in relation to exceedances caused by natural sources referred to in Article 16(2);

Amendment 155
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point d c (new)

(dc) documentation on site selection referred to in point D of Annex IV;

Amendment 156
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 1 – point e

(e) the effects of exceedances of limit values, ozone target values, average exposure reduction obligations, information thresholds and alert thresholds in a summary assessment ; the summary assessment shall include, where appropriate, further information and assessments on forest protection as well as information on pollutants covered by Article 10 and Annex VII.

(e) the effects of exceedances of limit values, ozone target values, average exposure reduction obligations and average exposure concentration objectives, information thresholds and alert thresholds in a summary assessment ; the summary assessment shall include, where appropriate, further information and assessments on forest protection as well as information on pollutants covered by Article 10 and Annex VII.

Amendment 157
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 2

2. Member States shall establish an air quality index covering sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone, and make it available through a public source providing an hourly update. The air quality index shall consider the recommendations by the WHO and build on the air quality indices at European scale provided by the European Environmental Agency.

2. Member States shall establish an air quality index covering sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone, and make it available in a coherent and easily understandable manner through a public source providing an hourly update, ensuring that sufficient real-time data is available in all stations. The air quality index shall be comparable across all Member States and follow the most up-to-date recommendations by the WHO and be based on the air quality indices at European scale provided by the European Environmental Agency. The air quality index shall be accompanied by information about the associated health risks for each pollutant, including information tailored to sensitive population and vulnerable groups.

Amendment 158
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 2 a (new)

2a. By ... [12 months after the date of entry into force of this Directive], the Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 25 to supplement this Directive by specifying how the air quality index shall be calculated and presented, and the format and structure of the information provided to the public.

Amendment 159
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 2 b (new)

2b. Member States shall promote the display of information on symptoms associated with air pollution peaks and on air pollution exposure reduction and protection behaviours, in buildings frequented by sensitive population and vulnerable groups, such as healthcare facilities.

Amendment 160
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 3

3. Member States shall inform the public of the competent authority or body designated in relation to the tasks referred to in Article 5.

3. Member States shall inform the public of the competent authority or body designated in relation to the tasks referred to in Article 5 and of the competent authority or body operating the sampling points established pursuant to Article 9 and Annex IV.

Amendment 161
Proposal for a directive
Article 22 – paragraph 4

4. The information referred to in this Article shall be made available to the public free of charge by means of easily accessible media and communication channels in accordance with Directive 2007/2/EC60 and Directive (EU) 2019/102461 of the European Parliament and of the Council .

4. The information referred to in this Article shall be made available to the public free of charge by means of easily accessible media and communication channels in a coherent and easily understandable manner in accordance with Directive 2007/2/EC60and Directive (EU) 2019/102461of the European Parliament and of the Council while ensuring broad public access.

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60 Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the European Community (INSPIRE) (OJ L 108, 25.4.2007, p. 1).

61 Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information (OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, p. 56).

Amendment 162
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 2 – introductory part

2. For the specific purpose of assessing compliance with the limit values, ozone target values, average exposure reduction obligations and critical levels , the information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be made available to the Commission no later than 4 months after the end of each calendar year and shall include:

2. For the specific purpose of assessing compliance with the limit values, ozone target values, average exposure reduction obligations, average exposure concentration objectives, and critical levels , the information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be made available to the Commission no later than 4 months after the end of each calendar year and shall include:

Amendment 163
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 2 – point a

(a) the changes made in that year to the list and delimitation of zones established under Article 6 or any NUTS 1 territorial unit ;

(a) the changes made in that year to the list and delimitation of zones established under Article 6 or any NUTS 2 territorial unit ;

Amendment 164
Proposal for a directive
Article 23 – paragraph 2 – point b – introductory part

(b) the list of zones and NUTS 1 territorial units and the levels of pollutants assessed. For zones in which the levels of one or more pollutants are higher than the limit values or critical levels , as well as for NUTS 1 territorial units where the levels of one or more pollutants are higher than the target values or average exposure reduction obligations:

(b) the list of zones and NUTS 2 territorial units and the levels of pollutants assessed. For zones in which the levels of one or more pollutants are higher than the limit values or critical levels, as well as for NUTS 2 territorial units where the levels of one or more pollutants are higher than the target values, average exposure reduction obligations or average exposure concentration objectives:

Amendment 165
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 2

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 24 shall be conferred on the Commission for an indeterminate period of time from … [date of entry into force of this Directive].

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 22(2a), Article 24 and Article 29(3a) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from ... [date of entry into force of this Directive]. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.

Amendment 166
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 3

3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 24 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 22(2a), Article 24 and Article 29(3a) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

Amendment 167
Proposal for a directive
Article 25 – paragraph 5 – subparagraph 2

A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 24 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 22(2a), Article 24 and Article 29(3a) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by 2 months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Amendment 168
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 – introductory part

Member States shall ensure that, in accordance with their national legal system, members of the public concerned have access to a review procedure before a court of law, or another independent and impartial body established by law, to challenge the substantive or procedural legality of all decisions, acts or omissions concerning air quality plans referred to in Article 19, and short term action plans referred to in Article 20, of the Member State, provided that any of the following conditions is met:

Member States shall ensure that, in accordance with their national legal system, members of the public concerned have access to a review procedure before a court of law, or another independent and impartial body established by law, to challenge the substantive or procedural legality of all decisions, acts or omissions by Member States including, but not limited to, those concerning the classification of zones under Article 7, the network design, location and relocation of sampling points under Article 9, air quality plans and air quality roadmaps referred to in Article 19 and short term action plans referred to in Article 20, provided that any of the following conditions is met:

Amendment 169
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 3

The interest of any non-governmental organisation which is a member of the public concerned shall be deemed sufficient for the purposes of the first paragraph, point (a). Such organisations shall also be deemed to have rights capable of being impaired for the purposes of the first paragraph, point (b).

The interest of any natural person affected or likely to be affected by exceedances of air quality standards, or having an interest in the decision-making procedures related to the implementation of the obligations under this Directive, and of any non-governmental organisation, which are both members of the public concerned shall be deemed sufficient for the purposes of the first paragraph, point (a). Such natural persons and organisations shall also be deemed to have rights capable of being impaired for the purposes of the first paragraph, point (b).

Amendment 170
Proposal for a directive
Article 27 – paragraph 2

2. To have standing to participate in the review procedure shall not be conditional on the role that the member of the public concerned played during a participatory phase of the decision-making procedures related to Article 19 or 20.

Amendment 171
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 1

1. Member States shall ensure that natural persons who suffer damage to human health caused by a violation of Articles 19(1) to 19(4), 20(1) and 20(2), 21(1) second sub-paragraph and 21(3) of this Directive by the competent authorities are entitled to compensation in accordance with this article.

1. Member States shall ensure that natural persons who suffer damage to human health caused by a violation of this Directive, including, but not limited to, Article 13, Articles 19(1) to 19(4), 20(1) and 20(2), Article 21(1), second subparagraph, and Article 21(3) of this Directive by an omission, decision, act or delay of a decision or act of the competent authorities are entitled to compensation in accordance with this article.

Amendment 172
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 2

2. Member States shall ensure that non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment and meeting any requirements under national law are allowed to represent natural persons referred to in paragraph 1 and bring collective actions for compensation. The requirements set out in Article 10 and Article 12(1) of Directive (EU) 2020/1828 shall mutatis mutandis apply to such collective actions.

2. Member States shall ensure that non-governmental organisations promoting the protection of human health or the environment are allowed to represent natural persons referred to in paragraph 1 and bring collective actions for compensation. The requirements set out in Article 10 and Article 12(1) of Directive (EU) 2020/1828 shall mutatis mutandis apply to such collective actions.

Amendment 173
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 1

Where a claim for compensation is supported by evidence showing that the violation referred to in paragraph 1 is the most plausible explanation for the occurrence of the damage of that person, the causal link between the violation and the occurrence of the damage shall be presumed.

Where a claim for compensation is supported by evidence, including relevant scientific data, from which it may be presumed that the violation referred to in paragraph 1 has caused or contributed to the occurrence of the damage of that person, the causal link between the violation and the occurrence of the damage shall be presumed.

Amendment 174
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 a (new)

Member States shall ensure that where the claimant has provided reasonably available evidence to support a claim for compensation in accordance with paragraph 1, and has reasonably substantiated that additional evidence lies in the control of the respondent public authority or a third party, if requested by the claimant, the court or administrative authority is able to order that such evidence be disclosed by the respondent public authority or third party in accordance with national procedural law and subject to the applicable Union and national rules on confidentiality and proportionality.

Amendment 175
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 4 – subparagraph 2 b (new)

The violation of this Directive by the respondent public authority shall be presumed where the respondent public authority has failed to comply with an obligation to disclose relevant requested evidence at its disposal pursuant to this paragraph.

Amendment 176
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 4 a (new)

4a. For the purpose of this Article, ‘relevant scientific data’ means statistical, epidemiological and other data demonstrating a statistically robust causal relationship between certain types of pollution and certain health conditions.

Amendment 177
Proposal for a directive
Article 28 – paragraph 6

6. Member States shall ensure that the limitation periods for bringing actions for compensation as referred to in paragraph 1 are not less than 5 years. Such periods shall not begin to run before the violation has ceased and the person claiming the compensation knows, or can reasonably be expected to know, that he or she suffered damage from a violation as referred to in paragraph 1.

6. Member States shall ensure that the limitation periods for bringing actions for compensation as referred to in paragraph 1 are not less than 10 years. Such periods shall not begin to run before the violation has ceased and the person claiming the compensation knows, or can reasonably be expected to know, that he or she suffered damage from a violation as referred to in paragraph 1.

Amendment 178
Proposal for a directive
Article 29 – paragraph 3 – point a a (new)

(aa) the real or estimated economic benefits derived from the violation;

Amendment 179
Proposal for a directive
Article 29 – paragraph 3 – point c

(c) the population, including sensitive population and vulnerable groups, or the environment affected by the violation, taking into account the objective of achieving a high level of protection of human health and the environment;

(c) the population, including sensitive population and vulnerable groups, or the environment affected by the violation, and the harm caused, taking into account the objective of achieving a high level of protection of human health and the environment;

Amendment 180
Proposal for a directive
Article 29 – paragraph 3 – point d

(d) the repetitive or singular character of the violation.

(d) the repetitive or singular character of the violation, including any previous receipt of an admonition penalty, or administrative or criminal sanction.

Amendment 181
Proposal for a directive
Article 29 – paragraph 3 a (new)

3a. By ... [6 months after the date of entry into force of this Directive], the Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 25 to supplement this Directive by laying down common criteria for determining the amount of penalties referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

Amendment 182
Proposal for a directive
Article 29 – paragraph 3 b (new)

3b. Member States shall ensure that revenues from penalties referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article are used, as a matter of priority, to finance measures related to the improvement of air quality. Member States shall make publicly available information on the use of these revenues. Without prejudice to Article 28, revenues raised from penalties shall not be used for the purpose of that Article.

Amendment 183
Proposal for a directive
Article 31 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1

Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Articles 1, 2 and 3, Article 4, points (2), (13), (14), (16), (18), (19), (21), (22), points (24) to (30), points (36), (37), (38) and (39), Articles 5 to 12, Article 13(1), (2), (3), (6) and (7), Article 15, Article 16(1) and (2), Articles 17 to 21, Article 22(1), (2) and (4), Articles 23 to 29 and Annexes I to IX by [insert date : two years after entry into force] at the latest .

Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Articles 1, 2 and 3, Article 4, points (2), (13), (14), (16), (18), (19), (21), (22), points (24) to (30), points (36), (37), (38) and (39), Articles 5 to 12, Article 13(1), (2), (3), (6) and (7), Article 15, Article 16(1) and (2), Articles 17, 18, 20 and 21, Article 22(1), (2) and (4), Articles 23 to 29 and Annexes I to IX by [insert date : 18 months after entry into force] at the latest .

Amendment 184
Proposal for a directive
Article 31 – paragraph 1 – subparagraph 1 a (new)

Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Article 19 by ... [three months after the date of entry into force of this Directive] at the latest.

Amendments 300 and 330
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 1 – paragraph 1

Table 1 – Limit values for the protection of human health to be attained by 1 January 2030

Table 1 – Limit values for the protection of human health to be attained by 1 January 2035

Amendment 185
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 1 – table 1

Text proposed by the Commission
Averaging period	Limit value
PM2.5
1 day	25 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	10 μg/m³
PM10
1 day	45 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
1 hour	200 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than once per calendar year
1 day	50 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
1 hour	350 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than once per calendar year
1 day	50 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Benzene
Calendar year	3,4 μg/m3
Carbon monoxide (CO)
maximum daily 8 – hour mean (1)	10 mg/m3
1 day	4 mg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Lead (Pb)
Calendar year	0,5 μg/m3
Arsenic (As)
Calendar year	6,0 ng/m³
Cadmium (Cd)
Calendar year	5,0 ng/m³
Nickel (Ni)
Calendar year	20 ng/m³
Benzo(a)pyrene
Calendar year	1,0 ng/m³
(1) The maximum daily 8-hour mean concentration will be selected by examining 8-hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and updated each hour. Each 8-hour average so calculated will be assigned to the day on which it ends i.e. the first calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 17.00 on the previous day to 1.00 on that day; the last calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 16.00 to 24.00 on that day.
Amendment
Averaging period	Limit value
PM2.5
1 day	15 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	5 μg/m³
PM10
1 day	45 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	15 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
1 hour	200 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than once per calendar year
1 day	25 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	10 μg/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
1 hour	200 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than once per calendar year
1 day	40 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Benzene
Calendar year	0,17 μg/m3
Carbon monoxide (CO)
maximum daily 8 – hour mean (1)	10 mg/m3
1 day	4 mg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Lead (Pb)
Calendar year	0,15 μg/m3
Arsenic (As)
Calendar year	6,0 ng/m³
Cadmium (Cd)
Calendar year	5,0 ng/m³
Nickel (Ni)
Calendar year	20 ng/m³
Benzo(a)pyrene
Calendar year	1,0 ng/m³
(1) The maximum daily 8-hour mean concentration will be selected by examining 8-hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and updated each hour. Each 8-hour average so calculated will be assigned to the day on which it ends i.e. the first calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 17.00 on the previous day to 1.00 on that day; the last calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 16.00 to 24.00 on that day.

Amendment 301
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 1 – table 1 A (new) – title

Table 1A – Intermediate limit values for the protection of human health to be attained by 1 January 2030

Amendment 302
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 1 – table 1 A (new)

Text proposed by the Commission
Amendment
Averaging period	Limit value
PM2.5
1 day	25 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	10 μg/m³
PM10
1 day	45 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
1 hour	200 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than once per calendar year
1 day	50 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
1 hour	350 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than once per calendar year
1 day	50 μg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Calendar year	20 μg/m3
Benzene
Calendar year	3,4 μg/m3
Carbon monoxide (CO)
maximum daily 8 – hour mean (1)	10 mg/m3
1 day	4 mg/m3	not to be exceeded more than 18 times per calendar year
Lead (Pb)
Calendar year	0,5 μg/m3
Arsenic (As)
Calendar year	6,0 ng/m³
Cadmium (Cd)
Calendar year	5,0 ng/m³
Nickel (Ni)
Calendar year	20 ng/m³
Benzo(a)pyrene
Calendar year	1,0 ng/m³
(1) The maximum daily 8-hour mean concentration will be selected by examining 8-hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and updated each hour. Each 8-hour average so calculated will be assigned to the day on which it ends i.e. the first calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 17.00 on the previous day to 1.00 on that day; the last calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 16.00 to 24.00 on that day.

Amendment 186
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 2 – point B – table

Text proposed by the Commission
B Ozone target values
Objective	Averaging period	Target value
Protection of human health	Maximum daily 8-hour mean (1)	120 μg/m3	not to be exceeded on more than 18 days per calendar year averaged over 3 years (2)
Protection of the environment	May to July	AOT40 (calculated from 1-hour values)	18 000 μg/m3 × h averaged over 5 years (2)
(1) The maximum daily 8-hour mean concentration shall be selected by examining 8-hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and updated each hour. Each 8-hour average so calculated shall be assigned to the day on which it ends. i.e. the first calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 17.00 on the previous day to 1.00 on that day; the last calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 16.00 to 24.00 on the day.
(2) If the 3- or 5-year averages cannot be determined on the basis of a full and consecutive set of annual data, the minimum annual data required for checking compliance with the target values will be as follows: — for the target value for the protection of human health: valid data for 1 year, — for the target value for the protection of vegetation: valid data for 3 years.
Amendment
B Ozone target values
Objective	Averaging period	Target value
Protection of human health	Maximum daily 8-hour mean (1)	110 μg/m3	not to be exceeded on more than 18 days per calendar year averaged over 3 years (2)
Protection of the environment	May to July	AOT40 (calculated from 1-hour values)	18 000 μg/m3 × h averaged over 5 years (2)
(1) The maximum daily 8-hour mean concentration shall be selected by examining 8-hour running averages, calculated from hourly data and updated each hour. Each 8-hour average so calculated shall be assigned to the day on which it ends. i.e. the first calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 17.00 on the previous day to 1.00 on that day; the last calculation period for any 1 day will be the period from 16.00 to 24.00 on the day.
(2) If the 3- or 5-year averages cannot be determined on the basis of a full and consecutive set of annual data, the minimum annual data required for checking compliance with the target values will be as follows: — for the target value for the protection of human health: valid data for 1 year, — for the target value for the protection of vegetation: valid data for 3 years.

Amendment 187
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 2 – point C – table

Text proposed by the Commission
C Long-term objectives for ozone (O3)
Objective	Averaging period	Long-term objective
Protection of human health	Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year	100 μg/m3 (1)
Protection of vegetation	May to July	AOT40 (calculated from 1 h values)	6 000 μg/m3 × h
(1) 99th percentile (i.e. 3 exceedance days per year).
Amendment
Objective	Averaging period	Long-term objective
Protection of human health	Maximum daily 8-hour mean within a calendar year Peak season	100 μg/m3 (1) 60 μg/m3 (2)
Protection of vegetation	May to July	AOT40 (calculated from 1 h values)	6 000 μg/m3 × h
(1) 99th percentile (i.e. 3 exceedance days per year). (2) Average of daily maximum 8-hour mean O3 concentration in the six consecutive months with the highest six-month running average O3 concentration.

Amendment 188
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 4 – point A – title

A Alert thresholds for pollutants other than ozone

A Alert thresholds

Amendment 189
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 4 – point A – paragraph 1

To be measured over 3 consecutive hours in the case of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, and over three consecutive days for PM10 and PM2.5, at locations representative of air quality over at least 100 km2 or an entire zone, whichever is the smaller.

The alert thresholds are triggered when the values in the following table are exceeded for 3 consecutive hours in the case of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, and over 3 consecutive days for PM10 and PM2.5, at locations representative of air quality over at least 100 km2 or an entire zone, whichever is the smaller.

Amendment 190
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 4 – point A– table

Text proposed by the Commission
Pollutant	Alert threshold
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	500 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)	400 μg/m3
PM2.5	50 μg/m3
PM10	90 μg/m3
Amendment
Pollutant	Alert threshold
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	200 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)	100 μg/m3
PM2.5	50 μg/m3
PM10	90 μg/m3
Ozone (O3)	240 μg/m3

Amendment 191
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 4 – point B – title

B Information and alert thresholds for ozone

B Information thresholds

Amendment 192
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 4 – point B – paragraph -1 (new)

The information thresholds are triggered when the values in the following table are exceeded for a 24-hour period in the case of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5, and for 3 consecutive hours in the case of ozone.

Amendment 193
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 4 – point B – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Purpose	Averaging period	Threshold
Information	1 hour	180 μg/m3
Alert	1 hour (1)	240 μg/m3
(1) For the implementation of Article 20, the exceedance of the threshold is to be measured or predicted for 3 consecutive hours.
Amendment
Pollutant	Information threshold
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	40 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)	25 μg/m3
PM2.5	15 μg/m3
PM10	45 μg/m3
Ozone (O3)	180 μg/m3

Amendment 194
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 5 – point A – paragraph 1

The Average Exposure Indicator expressed in μg/m3 (AEI) shall be based upon measurements in urban background locations in territorial units at NUTS 1 level throughout the territory of a Member State. It shall be assessed as a 3-calendar-year running annual mean concentration averaged over all sampling points of the relevant pollutant established pursuant to Point B of Annex III in each NUTS 1 territorial unit. The AEI for a particular year shall be the mean concentration of that same year and the preceding 2 years.

The Average Exposure Indicator expressed in μg/m3 (AEI) shall be based upon measurements at all sampling points in urban background locations in territorial units at NUTS 2 level throughout the territory of a Member State. It shall be assessed as a 3-calendar-year running annual mean concentration averaged over all sampling points of the relevant pollutant in each NUTS 2 territorial unit. The AEI for a particular year shall be the mean concentration of that same year and the preceding 2 years.

Amendment 195
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 5 – point A – paragraph 2

Where Member States identify exceedances attributable to natural sources, contributions from natural sources shall be deducted before calculating the AEI.

Where Member States identify exceedances attributable to natural sources, which the Member State or Member States could not have mitigated, contributions from natural sources shall be deducted before calculating the AEI.

Amendment 196
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 5 – point B – paragraph 1 – indent 1

– for PM2.5, 25% lower than the AEI was 10 years before, unless it is already no higher than the average exposure concentration objective for PM2.5 defined in Section C.

– for PM2.5, 25% lower than the AEI was 7 years before, unless it is already no higher than the average exposure concentration objective for PM2.5 defined in Section C.

Amendment 197
Proposal for a directive
Annex I – Section 5 – point B – paragraph 1 – indent 2

– for NO2, 25% lower than the AEI was 10 years before, unless it is already no higher than the average exposure concentration objective for NO2 defined in Section C.

– for NO2, 25% lower than the AEI was 7 years before, unless it is already no higher than the average exposure concentration objective for NO2 defined in Section C.

Amendment 303
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – Section 1 – title

SECTION 1 – ASSESSMENT THRESHOLDS FOR HEALTH PROTECTION

SECTION 1 – ASSESSMENT THRESHOLDS FOR THE LIMIT VALUES FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH TO BE ATTAINED BY 1 JANUARY 2035

Amendment 198
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – Section 1 – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Pollutant	Assessment threshold (annual mean, unless specified)
PM2.5	5 μg/m3
PM10	15 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)	10 μg/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	40 μg/m3 (24-hour mean)(1)
Benzene	1,7 μg/m3
Carbon monoxide (CO)	4 mg/m³ (24-hour mean)(1)
Lead (Pb)	0,25 μg/m3
Arsenic (As)	3,0 ng/m3
Cadmium (Cd)	2,5 ng/m3
Nickel (Ni)	10 ng/m3
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,12 ng/m3
Ozone (O3)	100 μg/m3 (maximum 8-hour mean)(1)
(1) 99th percentile (i.e. 3 exceedance days per year).
Amendment
Pollutant	Assessment threshold (annual mean, unless specified)
PM2.5	3,5 μg/m3
PM10	10,5 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)	8 μg/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	24 μg/m³ (24-hour mean)(1)
Benzene	0,12 μg/m3
Carbon monoxide (CO)	4 mg/m³ (24-hour mean)(1)
Lead (Pb)	0,1 μg/m3
Arsenic (As)	0,46 ng/m3
Cadmium (Cd)	2,5 ng/m3
Nickel (Ni)	1,75 ng/m3
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,12 ng/m3
Ozone (O3)	77 μg/m3 (maximum 8-hour mean)(1)
(1) 99th percentile (i.e. 3 exceedance days per year).

Amendment 304
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – Section 1A (new) – title

SECTION 1A – ASSESSMENT THRESHOLDS FOR THE LIMIT VALUES FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN HEALTH TO BE ATTAINED BY 1 JANUARY 2030

Amendment 305
Proposal for a directive
Annex II – Section 1A (new) – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Amendment
Pollutant	Assessment threshold (annual mean, unless specified)
PM2.5	5 μg/m3
PM10	15 μg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)	10 μg/m3
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)	40 μg/m3 (24-hour mean)(1)
Benzene	1,7 μg/m3
Carbon monoxide (CO)	4 mg/m³ (24-hour mean)(1)
Lead (Pb)	0,25 μg/m3
Arsenic (As)	3,0 ng/m3
Cadmium (Cd)	2,5 ng/m3
Nickel (Ni)	10 ng/m3
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,12 ng/m3
Ozone (O3)	100 μg/m3 (maximum 8-hour mean)(1)
(1) 99th percentile (i.e. 3 exceedance days per year).

Amendment 199
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – paragraph 1

Table 1 - Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurement to assess compliance with limit values for the protection of human health and alert thresholds in zones where fixed measurement is the sole source of information (for all pollutants except ozone)

Table 1 - Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurement to assess compliance with limit values for the protection of human health and information and alert thresholds in zones where fixed measurement is the sole source of information (for all pollutants except ozone)

Amendment 200
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – table 1

Text proposed by the Commission
Population of zone (thousands)	Minimum number of sampling points if concentrations exceed the assessment threshold
NO2, SO2, CO, benzene	Sum PM (1)	Minimum PM10	Minimum PM2.5	Pb, Cd, As, Ni in PM10	Benzo(a)pyrene in PM10
0 - 249	2	4	2	2	1	1
250 - 499	2	4	2	2	1	1
500 - 749	2	4	2	2	1	1
750 - 999	3	4	2	2	2	2
1 000 - 1 499	4	6	2	2	2	2
1 500 - 1 999	5	7	3	3	2	2
2 000 - 2 749	6	8	3	3	2	3
2 750 - 3 749	7	10	4	4	2	3
3 750 - 4 749	8	11	4	4	3	4
4 750 - 5 999	9	13	5	5	4	5
6 000+	10	15	5	5	5	5
(1) The number of PM2.5 and NO2 sampling points in the urban background locations of urban areas shall meet the requirements set out in Point B.
Amendment
Population of zone (thousands)	Minimum number of sampling points if concentrations exceed the assessment threshold
NO2, SO2, CO, benzene	Sum PM	Minimum PM10	Minimum PM2.5	Pb, Cd, As, Ni in PM10	Benzo(a)pyrene in PM10
0 - 249	2	4	2	2	1	1
250 - 499	2	4	2	2	1	1
500 - 749	2	4	2	2	1	1
750 - 999	3	4	2	2	2	2
1 000 - 1 499	4	6	2	2	2	2
1 500 - 1 999	5	7	3	3	2	2
2 000 - 2 749	6	8	3	3	2	3
2 750 - 3 749	7	10	4	4	2	3
3 750 - 4 749	8	11	4	4	3	4
4 750 - 5 999	9	13	5	5	4	5
6 000+	10	15	5	5	5	5

Amendment 201
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – table 2

Text proposed by the Commission
Population (thousands)	Minimum number of sampling points if the number of sampling points is reduced by up to 50% (1)
< 250	1
< 500	2
< 1 000	2
< 1 500	3
< 2 000	4
< 2 750	5
< 3 750	6
≥ 3 750	1 additional sampling point per 2 million inhabitants
(1) At least 1 sampling point in areas where exposure of the population to the highest concentrations of ozone is likely to occur. In agglomerations, at least 50 % of the sampling points shall be located in suburban areas
Amendment
Population (thousands)	Minimum number of sampling points if concentrations exceed the assessment threshold (1)
< 250	1
< 500	2
< 1 000	2
< 1 500	3
< 2 000	4
< 2 750	5
< 3 750	6
≥ 3 750	1 additional sampling point per 2 million inhabitants
(1) At least 1 sampling point in areas where exposure of the population to the highest concentrations of ozone is likely to occur. In agglomerations, at least 50 % of the sampling points shall be located in suburban areas

Amendment 202
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – paragraph 3

Table 3 - Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurement to assess compliance with limit values for the protection of human health and alert thresholds in zones where a 50% reduction of such measurements applies (for all pollutants except ozone)

Table 3 - Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurement to assess compliance with limit values for the protection of human health and information and alert thresholds in zones where a 50% reduction of such measurements applies (for all pollutants except ozone)

Amendment 203
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – table 3

Text proposed by the Commission
Population of zone (thousands)	Minimum number of sampling points if the number of sampling points is reduced by up to 50%
NO2, SO2, CO, benzene	Sum PM (1)	Minimum PM10	Minimum PM2.5	Pb, Cd, As, Ni in PM10	Benzo(a)pyrene in PM10
0 - 249	1	2	1	1	1	1
250 - 499	1	2	1	1	1	1
500 - 749	1	2	1	1	1	1
750 - 999	2	2	1	1	1	1
1 000 - 1 499	2	3	1	1	1	1
1 500 - 1 999	3	4	2	2	1	1
2 000 - 2 749	3	4	2	2	1	2
2 750 - 3 749	4	5	2	2	1	2
3 750 - 4 749	4	6	2	2	2	2
4 750 - 5 999	5	7	3	3	2	3
6 000+	5	8	3	3	3	3
(1) The number of PM2.5 and NO2 sampling points in the urban background locations of urban areas shall meet the requirements set out in point B.
Amendment
Population of zone (thousands)	Minimum number of sampling points if the number of sampling points is reduced by up to 50%
NO2, SO2, CO, benzene	Sum PM	Minimum PM10	Minimum PM2.5	Pb, Cd, As, Ni in PM10	Benzo(a)pyrene in PM10
0 - 249	1	2	1	1	1	1
250 - 499	1	2	1	1	1	1
500 - 749	1	2	1	1	1	1
750 - 999	2	2	1	1	1	1
1 000 - 1 499	2	3	1	1	1	1
1 500 - 1 999	3	4	2	2	1	1
2 000 - 2 749	3	4	2	2	1	2
2 750 - 3 749	4	5	2	2	1	2
3 750 - 4 749	4	6	2	2	2	2
4 750 - 5 999	5	7	3	3	2	3
6 000+	5	8	3	3	3	3

Amendment 204
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – paragraph 5

For each zone, the minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurements set out in the tables in this point shall include at least 1 background location sampling point and 1 sampling point in the area with the highest concentrations according to Point B, of Annex IV provided this does not increase the number of sampling points. For nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene and carbon monoxide, this shall include at least 1 sampling point focused on measuring contribution from transport emissions. However, in the cases where there is only 1 sampling point required, this shall be in the area with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed.

For each zone, the minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurements set out in the tables in this point shall include at least 1 background location sampling point and 1 sampling point in air pollution hotspots according to Point B, of Annex IV. For nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide, this shall include at least 1 sampling point focused on measuring contribution from transport emissions. However, in the cases where there is only 1 sampling point required, this shall be in the area with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed.

Amendment 205
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section A – point 1 – paragraph 6

For each zone, for nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene and carbon monoxide, the total number of urban background location sampling points and the total number of sampling points where the highest concentrations occur required shall not differ by more than a factor of 2. The number of PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide sampling points at urban background locations shall meet the requirements set out in Point B.

For each zone, for nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, benzene and carbon monoxide, the total number of urban background location sampling points and the total number of sampling points in air pollution hotspots required shall not differ by more than a factor of 2. The number of PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide sampling points at urban background locations and air pollution hotspots shall meet the requirements set out in Point B.

Amendment 206
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section B

B Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurement to assess compliance with the PM25 and NO2 average exposure reduction obligations for the protection of human health

deleted

For PM2.5 and NO2 each, one sampling point per NUTS 1 region as described in Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003, and at least 1 sampling point per million inhabitants calculated over urban areas in excess of 100 000 inhabitants shall be operated for this purpose. Those sampling points may coincide with sampling points under Point A.

Amendment 207
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section D – title

D Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurements of ultrafine particles where high concentrations

D Minimum number of sampling points for fixed measurements of ultrafine particles, black carbon, mercury and ammonia where high concentrations are likely to occur

Amendment 208
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section D – paragraph 1

Ultrafine particles shall be monitored at selected locations in addition to other air pollutants. Sampling points to monitor ultrafine particles shall coincide, where appropriate, with sampling points for particulate matter or nitrogen dioxide referred to in Point A, and be sited in accordance with Section 3 of Annex VII. For this purpose, at least 1 sampling point per 5 million inhabitants shall be established at a location where high UFP concentrations are likely to occur. Member States that have fewer than 5 million inhabitants shall establish at least 1 fixed sampling point at a location where high UFP concentrations are likely to occur.

Ultrafine particle number concentrations and BC shall be monitored at selected locations in addition to other air pollutants at those same locations as sampling points for particulate matter or nitrogen dioxide referred to in Point A of this Annex, and be sited in accordance with Section 3 of Annex VII. Sampling points to monitor ammonia shall coincide, where appropriate, with sampling points for particulate matter referred to in Point A of this Annex, and be sited in accordance with Section 3 of Annex VII. Sampling points to monitor mercury shall be sited in accordance with Section 3 of Annex VII. For this purpose, at least one sampling point per 1 million inhabitants shall be established at a location where high UFP concentrations are likely to occur, at least one sampling point per 1 million inhabitants shall be established at a location where high BC concentrations are likely to occur, at least one sampling point per 1 million inhabitants shall be established at a location where high mercury concentrations are likely to occur, and at least one sampling point per 1 million inhabitants shall be established at a location where high NH3 concentrations are likely to occur. Member States that have fewer than 1 million inhabitants shall establish at least one fixed sampling point at a location where high UFP concentrations are likely to occur, one sampling point at a location where high BC concentrations are likely to occur, one sampling point at a location where high NH3 concentrations are likely to occur, and one sampling point at a location where high mercury concentrations are likely to occur.

Amendment 209
Proposal for a directive
Annex III – Section D – paragraph 2

Monitoring supersites at urban background or rural background locations established in accordance with Article 10 shall not be included for the purpose of meeting the requirements on the minimum number of sampling points for UFP set here.

Amendment 210
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section A – paragraph 1 – point 2 – point c

(c) on the carriageway of roads; and on the central reservations of roads except where there is normally pedestrian access to the central reservation.

(c) on the carriageway of roads; and on the central reservations of roads except where there is normally pedestrian access to the central reservation or where cycling lanes are present.

Amendment 211
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point a – introductory part

(a) Sampling points directed at the protection of human health shall be sited in such a way as to provide data on all of the following:

(a) Sampling points directed at the protection of human health shall be sited in such a way as to provide reliable data on all of the following:

Amendment 212
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point a – point i

(i) concentration levels in the areas within zones with the highest concentrations to which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit value(s),

Amendment 213
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point a – point ii

(ii) concentration levels in other areas within the zones which are representative of the exposure of the general population, and

(ii) concentration levels in other areas within the zones which are representative of the exposure of the general population, both in urban and rural background locations, and

Amendment 214
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point b a (new)

(ba) locations intended to be representative of urban traffic shall be located in such a way as to provide data on the streets where the highest concentrations occur, taking into consideration traffic volume (at least 10 000 vehicles per day or representing the largest traffic density in the zone), local dispersion conditions and spatial land use (for example in street canyons);

Amendment 215
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point c

(c) urban background locations shall be located so that their pollution level is influenced by the integrated contribution from all sources upwind of the sampling point. The pollution level shall not be dominated by a single source unless such a situation is typical for a larger urban area. Those sampling points shall, as a general rule, be representative for several square kilometres;

(c) urban background locations shall be located so that their pollution level is influenced by the integrated contribution from all sources upwind of the sampling point, following the main wind direction. The pollution level shall not be dominated by a single source unless such a situation is typical for a larger urban area. Those sampling points shall, as a general rule, be representative for several square kilometres;

Amendment 216
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point c a (new)

(ca) air pollution hotspots shall be covered by a sufficient number of sampling points installed within the main wind direction of the source where there is a near residential area or an area where the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit or target value or values, including but not limited to schools, hospitals, assisted living facilities and office areas;

Amendment 217
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point c b (new)

(cb) where the objective is to measure concentration levels in areas referred to in points (a)(i) and (a)(ii), sampling points shall be sited close to locations frequented by sensitive population and vulnerable groups and at-risk communities, such as schools, playgrounds, hospitals and homes for the elderly;

Amendment 218
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point d

(d) where the objective is to measure the contribution of domestic heating, at least one sampling point shall be installed within the main wind direction of these sources;

(d) where the objective is to measure the contribution of heating, at least one sampling point shall be installed within the main wind direction of these sources; sampling points shall be sited in such a way that the air sampled is representative of air quality for an area of at least 250 m × 250 m;

Amendment 219
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point e

(e) where the objective is to assess rural background levels, the sampling point shall not be influenced by urban areas or industrial sites in its vicinity, i.e. sites closer than 5 km;

(e) sampling points in rural background locations shall be located so that they are not influenced by urban areas and so that their pollution level is influenced by the integrated contribution from all relevant sources;

Amendment 220
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point f

(f) where contributions from industrial sources, ports or airports are to be assessed, at least 1 sampling point shall be installed downwind of the source in the nearest residential area. Where the background concentration is not known, an additional sampling point shall be situated within the main wind direction. The sampling points shall be sited such that the application of BAT can be monitored;

(f) where contributions from industrial sources, ports and airports are to be assessed, at least one sampling point shall be installed downwind following the main wind direction of the source in the nearest residential area. Where the background concentration is not known, an additional sampling point shall be situated within the main wind direction. The sampling points shall be sited such that the application of BAT can be monitored;

Amendment 221
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 2 – point i

(i) sampling points measuring arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons shall, where possible, be co-located with sampling points for PM10.

(i) sampling points measuring arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons shall be co-located with sampling points for PM10.

Amendment 222
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section B – point 4 – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Type of sampling point	Objectives of measurement	Representativeness (1)	Macro-scale siting criteria
Urban background locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health: to assess the exposure of the urban population to ozone, i.e. where population density and ozone concentration are relatively high and representative of the exposure of the general population	1 to 10 km2	Away from the influence of local emissions such as traffic, petrol stations, etc.; vented locations where well mixed levels can be measured; locations such as residential and commercial areas of cities, parks (away from trees), wide streets or squares with very little or no traffic, open areas characteristic of educational, sports or recreation facilities.
Suburban locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health and vegetation: to assess the exposure of the population and vegetation located in the outskirts of the urban area, with the highest ozone levels to which the population and vegetation are likely to be directly or indirectly exposed.	10 to 100 km2	At a certain distance from the area of maximum emissions, downwind following the main wind direction/directions during conditions favourable to ozone formation; where population, sensitive crops or natural ecosystems located in the outer fringe of an urban area are exposed to high ozone levels; where appropriate, some suburban sampling points also upwind of the area of maximum emissions, in order to determine the regional background levels of ozone.
Rural locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health and vegetation: to assess the exposure of population, crops and natural ecosystems to sub-regional scale ozone concentrations.	Sub-regional levels (100 to 1 000 km2)	Sampling points may be located in small settlements and/or areas with natural ecosystems, forests or crops; representative for ozone away from the influence of immediate local emissions such as industrial sites and roads; at open area sites, but not on summits of higher mountains
Rural background locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health and vegetation: to assess the exposure of crops and natural ecosystems to regional-scale ozone concentrations as well as exposure of the population.	Regional/national/continental levels (1 000 to 10 000 km2)	Sampling points located in areas with lower population density, e.g. with natural ecosystems, forests, at a distance of at least 20 km from urban and industrial areas and away from local emissions; avoid locations which are subject to locally enhanced formation of ground-near inversion conditions, also summits of higher mountains; coastal sites with pronounced diurnal wind cycles of local character are not recommended.
(1) Sampling points shall, where possible, be representative of similar locations not in the immediate vicinity of the sampling points.
Amendment
Type of sampling point	Objectives of measurement	Representativeness (1)	Macro-scale siting criteria
Urban background locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health: to assess the exposure of the urban population to ozone, i.e. where population density and ozone concentration are relatively high and representative of the exposure of the general population	1 to 10 km2	Away from the influence of local emissions such as traffic, petrol stations, etc.; vented locations where well mixed levels can be measured; locations frequented by sensitive population and vulnerable groups, such as schools, playgrounds, hospitals and homes for elderly; locations such as residential and commercial areas of cities, parks (away from trees), wide streets or squares with very little or no traffic, open areas characteristic of educational, sports or recreation facilities.
Suburban locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health and vegetation: to assess the exposure of the population and vegetation located in the outskirts of the urban area, with the highest ozone levels to which the population and vegetation are likely to be directly or indirectly exposed.	10 to 100 km2	At a certain distance from the area of maximum emissions, downwind following the main wind direction/directions during conditions favourable to ozone formation; locations frequented by sensitive population and vulnerable groups, such as schools, playgrounds, hospitals and homes for elderly; where population, sensitive crops or natural ecosystems located in the outer fringe of an urban area are exposed to high ozone levels; where appropriate, some suburban sampling points also upwind of the area of maximum emissions, in order to determine the regional background levels of ozone.
Rural locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health and vegetation: to assess the exposure of population, crops and natural ecosystems to sub-regional scale ozone concentrations.	Sub-regional levels (100 to 1 000 km2)	Sampling points may be located in small settlements and/or areas with natural ecosystems, forests or crops; locations frequented by sensitive population and vulnerable groups, such as schools, playgrounds, hospitals and homes for elderly; representative for ozone away from the influence of immediate local emissions such as industrial sites and roads; at open area sites, but not on summits of higher mountains
Rural background locations for ozone assessments	Protection of human health and vegetation: to assess the exposure of crops and natural ecosystems to regional-scale ozone concentrations as well as exposure of the population.	Regional/national/continental levels (1 000 to 10 000 km2)	Sampling points located in areas with lower population density, e.g. with natural ecosystems, forests, at a distance of at least 20 km from urban and industrial areas and away from local emissions; avoid locations which are subject to locally enhanced formation of ground-near inversion conditions, also summits of higher mountains; coastal sites with pronounced diurnal wind cycles of local character are not recommended.
(1) Sampling points shall, where possible, be representative of similar locations not in the immediate vicinity of the sampling points.

Amendment 223
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section C – paragraph 1 – introductory part

In so far as is practicable, the following shall apply:

The following shall apply:

Amendment 224
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section C – paragraph 1 – point b

(b) in general, the sampling point inlet shall be between 0,5 m (the breathing zone) and 4 m above the ground. Higher siting (up to 8m) may be appropriate if the sampling point is representative of a large area (a background location) or in other specific circumstances and any derogations shall be fully documented;

(b) in general, the sampling point inlet shall be between 0,5 m (the breathing zone) and 3 m above the ground. Higher siting (up to 6 m) may be appropriate if the sampling point is representative of a large area (a background location). The decision to apply such higher siting shall be fully documented;

Amendment 225
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section C – paragraph 1 – point e

(e) for all pollutants, sampling probes shall be at least 25 m from the edge of major junctions and no more than 10 m from the kerbside; for the purposes of this point, a ‘kerbside’ means the line that separates motorised traffic from other areas; a ‘major junction’ means a junction which interrupts the traffic flow and causes different emissions (stop&go) from the rest of the road;

(e) for all pollutants, sampling probes shall be positioned no more than 5 m from the kerbside; consideration shall be given to whether locating the sampling point at less than 25 m from the edge of major junctions would result in over- or under-estimating concentrations and lead to measuring a very small micro-environment that is not representative of levels along that road segment; for the purposes of this point, a ‘kerbside’ means the line that separates motorised traffic from other areas; a ‘major junction’ means a junction which interrupts the traffic flow and causes different emissions (stop&go) from the rest of the road;

Amendment 226
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section C – paragraph 1 – point f

(f) for the deposition measurements in rural background locations, the guidelines and criteria of EMEP shall apply as far as practicable;

(f) for the deposition measurements in rural background locations, the guidelines and criteria of EMEP shall apply;

Amendment 227
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 1

1. The competent authorities responsible for air quality assessment shall for all zones fully document the site-selection procedures and record information to support the network design and choice of location for all monitoring sites. The design of the monitoring network shall be supported at least by either modelling or indicative measurements.

1. The competent authorities responsible for air quality assessment shall provide a data-based assessment for all zones, fully document the site-selection procedures, record information to support the network design and choice of location for all monitoring sites and provide justifications. The design of the monitoring network shall be supported at least by either modelling with a sufficiently low level of uncertainty or indicative measurements.

Amendment 228
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 2

2. The documentation shall include the location of the sampling points through spatial coordinates, detailed maps and shall include information on the spatial representativeness of all sampling points.

2. The documentation shall include the location of the sampling points through spatial coordinates, detailed maps and photos, and shall include information on the spatial representativeness of all sampling points.

Amendment 229
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 3

3. The documentations shall include any deviation from the micro-scale siting criteria, their underlying reasons and the likely impact on measured levels.

3. The documentations shall include evidence explaining the reasons for the network design and proof of compliance with the requirements referred to in Points B and C, in particular:

(a) the reasons for the selection of locations representative of the highest levels of pollution in the zone or agglomeration for each pollutant;

(b) the reasons for the selection of locations representative of the general exposure of population; and

(c) any deviation from the micro-scale siting criteria, their underlying reasons and the likely impact on measured levels.

Amendment 230
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 4

4. Where indicative measurements, modelling or objective estimation, or a combination thereof are used within a zone, the documentation shall include details of these methods and information on how the criteria listed in Article 9(3) are met.

4. Where indicative measurements or modelling, or a combination thereof are used within a zone, the documentation shall include details of these methods and information on how the criteria listed in Article 9(3) are met.

Amendment 231
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 5

5. Where indicative measurements, modelling or objective estimation are used, competent authorities shall use gridded data reported under Directive (EU) 2016/2284 and emission information reported under Directive 2010/75/EU.

5. Where indicative measurements or modelling are used, competent authorities shall use gridded data reported under Directive (EU) 2016/2284 and emission information reported under Directive 2010/75/EU.

Amendment 232
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 9

9. At least every 5 years the selection criteria, network design and monitoring site locations, defined by the competent authorities in view of the requirements of this Annex, shall be reviewed to ensure they remain valid and optimal overtime. The review shall be supported at least by either modelling or indicative measurements and shall identify measures to be taken within a timeframe in accordance with the guidelines to ensure that the network design remains valid and optimal. Where such a review reveals that the network design and monitoring site locations are no longer valid (for example, there is no fixed monitoring station in the area of modelled maximum levels), the competent authority shall correct and update the network design within one year.

Amendment 233
Proposal for a directive
Annex IV – Section D – point 10 a (new)

10a. The competent authorities responsible for air quality assessment shall perform and document regular checks and maintenance of the ambient air quality monitoring stations to ensure that they continue to operate and to ensure the accuracy of measurements and reliability of instrumentation.

Amendment 306
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section A – title

A. Uncertainty of measurements and modelling for ambient air quality assessment

A. Uncertainty of measurements and modelling for ambient air quality assessment (for air quality standards to be attained by 1 January 2035)

Amendment 234
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section A – point 1 – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Air pollutant	Maximum uncertainty of fixed measurements	Maximum uncertainty of indicative measurements (1)	Maximum ratio of uncertainty of modelling and objective estimation over uncertainty of fixed measurements
	Absolute value	Relative value	Absolute value	Relative value	Maximum ratio
PM2.5	3,0 μg/ m3	30 %	4,0 μg/m3	40 %	1,7
PM10	4,0 μg/ m3	20 %	6,0 μg/m3	30 %	1,3
NO2 / NOx	6,0 μg/ m3	30 %	8,0 μg/m3	40 %	1,4
Benzene	0,75 μg/ m3	25 %	1,2 μg/m3	35 %	1,7
Lead	0,125 μg/ m3	25 %	0,175 μg/m3	35 %	1,7
Arsenic	2,4 ng/ m3	40 %	3,0 ng/m3	50 %	1,1
Cadmium	2,0 ng/ m3	40 %	2,5 ng/m3	50 %	1,1
Nickel	8,0 ng/ m3	40 %	10,0 ng/m3	50 %	1,1
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,5 ng m3	50 %	0,6 ng/m3	60 %	1,1
(1) When using indicative measurements for other purposes other than compliance assessment, such as, but not only: design or review of the monitoring network, model calibration and validation, the uncertainty may be that established for modelling applications
Amendment
Air pollutant	Maximum uncertainty of fixed measurements	Maximum uncertainty of indicative measurements (1)	Maximum ratio of uncertainty of modelling over uncertainty of fixed measurements
	Absolute value	Relative value	Absolute value	Relative value	Maximum ratio
PM2.5	1,25 μg m3	25 %	2,0 μg/ m3	40 %	1,7
PM10	3,0 μg/ m3	20 %	4,5 μg/ m3	30 %	1,3
NO2 / NOx	1,5 μg/ m3	15 %	2,5 μg/ m3	25 %	1,4
Benzene	0,0425 μg m3	25 %	0,05 μg/ m3	30 %	1,7
Lead	0,0375 μg/ m3	25 %	0,045 μg/ m3	30 %	1,7
Arsenic	0,26 ng/ m3	40 %	0,33 ng/ m3	50 %	1,1
Cadmium	2,0 ng/ m3	40 %	2,5 ng/ m3	50 %	1,1
Nickel	1,0 ng/ m3	40 %	1,25 ng/ m3	50 %	1,1
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,125 ng m3	50 %	0,15 ng/ m3	60 %	1,1
(1) When using indicative measurements for other purposes other than compliance assessment, such as, but not only: design or review of the monitoring network, model calibration and validation, the uncertainty may be that established for modelling applications.

Amendment 235
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section A – point 2 – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Air pollutant	Maximum uncertainty of fixed measurements	Maximum uncertainty of indicative measurements (1)	Maximum ratio of uncertainty of modelling and objective estimation over uncertainty of fixed measurements
	Absolute value	Relative value	Absolute value	Relative value	Maximum ratio
PM2.5 (24-hour)	6,3 μg/m3	25 %	8,8 μg/m3	35 %	2,5
PM10 (24-hour)	11,3 μg/m3	25 %	22,5 μg/m3	50 %	2,2
NO2 (daily)	7,5 μg/m3	15 %	12,5 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
NO2 (hourly)	30 μg/m3	15 %	50 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
SO2 (daily)	7,5 μg/m3	15 %	12,5 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
SO2 (hourly)	52,5 μg/m3	15 %	87,5 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
CO (24-hour)	0,6 mg/m3	15 %	1,0 mg/m3	25 %	3,2
CO (8-hour)	1,0 mg/m3	10 %	2,0 mg/m3	20 %	4,9
Ozone (peak season): uncertainty of the 8h values	10,5 μg/m3	15 %	17,5 μg/m3	25 %	1,7
Ozone (8h mean)	18 μg/m3	15 %	30 μg/m3	25 %	2,2
(1) When using indicative measurements for other purposes other than compliance assessment, such as, but not only: design or review of the monitoring network, model calibration and validation, the uncertainty may be that established for modelling applications.
Amendment
Air pollutant	Maximum uncertainty of fixed measurements	Maximum uncertainty of indicative measurements (1)	Maximum uncertainty of modelling over uncertainty of fixed measurements
	Absolute value	Relative value	Absolute value	Relative value	Maximum ratio
PM2.5 (24-hour)	3,75 μg/m3	25 %	5,25 μg/m3	35 %	2,5
PM10 (24-hour)	11,25 μg/m3	25 %	22,5 μg/m3	50 %	2,2
NO2 (daily)	3,75 μg/m3	15 %	6,25 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
NO2 (hourly)	30 μg/m3	15 %	50 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
SO2 (daily)	6,0 μg/m3	15 %	10,0 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
SO2 (hourly)	30,0 μg/m3	15 %	50,0 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
CO (24-hour)	0,6 mg/m3	15 %	1,0 mg/m3	25 %	3,2
CO (8-hour)	1,0 mg/m3	10 %	2,0 mg/m3	20 %	4,9
Ozone (peak season): uncertainty of the 8h values	9,0 μg/m3	15 %	15,0 μg/m3	25 %	1,7
Ozone (8h mean)	16,5 μg/m3	15 %	27,5 μg/m3	25 %	2,2
(1) When using indicative measurements for other purposes other than compliance assessment, such as, but not only: design or review of the monitoring network, model calibration and validation, the uncertainty may be that established for modelling applications.

Amendment 236
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section A – point 2 – paragraph 3

The percentages for uncertainty in the tables in this Section apply for all limit values (and the ozone target value) that are calculated by simple averaging of individual measurements such as hourly mean, daily mean or yearly mean values without considering the additional uncertainty for the calculation of the number of exceedances. The uncertainty shall be interpreted as being applicable in the region of the appropriate limit values (or ozone target value). The uncertainty calculation does not apply to AOT40 and values that include more than 1 year, more than 1 station (e.g. AEI) or more than 1 component. They are also not applicable for information thresholds, alert thresholds and critical levels for the protection of vegetation and natural ecosystems.

The percentages for uncertainty in the tables in this Section apply for all limit values (and the ozone target value) that are calculated by simple averaging of individual measurements such as hourly mean, daily mean or yearly mean values without considering the additional uncertainty for the calculation of the number of exceedances. Levels below 5 for PM2.5 and 10 for NO2 shall be allowed to have percentages for uncertainty of 30 %. The uncertainty shall be interpreted as being applicable in the region of the appropriate limit values (or ozone target value). The uncertainty calculation does not apply to AOT40 and values that include more than 1 year, more than 1 station (e.g. AEI) or more than 1 component. They are also not applicable for information thresholds, alert thresholds and critical levels for the protection of vegetation and natural ecosystems.

Amendment 237
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section A – point 2 – paragraph 9

Where an air quality model is used for assessment, references to descriptions of the model and information on the calculation of the modelling quality objective shall be compiled.

Where an air quality model is used for assessment, references to descriptions of the model, including the spatial resolution of the model itself and source-specific input data and information on the calculation of the modelling quality objective shall be compiled.

Amendment 238
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section A – point 2 – paragraph 10

The uncertainty of objective estimation shall not exceed the uncertainty for indicative measurements by more than the applicable maximum ratio and shall not exceed 85%. The uncertainty for objective estimation is defined as the maximum deviation of the measured and calculated concentration levels, over the period considered, by the limit value (or ozone target value), without taking into account the timing of the events.

deleted

Amendment 307
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section AA (new) – title

AA. Uncertainty of measurements and modelling for ambient air quality assessment (for air quality standards to be attained by 1 January 2030)

Amendment 308
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section AA (new) – point 1 – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Amendment
Air pollutant	Maximum uncertainty of fixed measurements	Maximum uncertainty of indicative measurements (1)	Maximum ratio of uncertainty of modelling over uncertainty of fixed measurements
	Absolute value	Relative value	Absolute value	Relative value	Maximum ratio
PM2.5	3,0 μg/ m3	30 %	4,0 μg/m3	40 %	1,7
PM10	4,0 μg/ m3	20 %	6,0 μg/m3	30 %	1,3
NO2 / NOx	6,0 μg/ m3	30 %	8,0 μg/m3	40 %	1,4
Benzene	0,75 μg/ m3	25 %	1,2 μg/m3	35 %	1,7
Lead	0,125 μg/ m3	25 %	0,175 μg/m3	35 %	1,7
Arsenic	2,4 ng/ m3	40 %	3,0 ng/m3	50 %	1,1
Cadmium	2,0 ng/ m3	40 %	2,5 ng/m3	50 %	1,1
Nickel	8,0 ng/ m3	40 %	10,0 ng/m3	50 %	1,1
Benzo(a)pyrene	0,5 ng m3	50 %	0,6 ng/m3	60 %	1,1
(1) When using indicative measurements for other purposes other than compliance assessment, such as, but not only: design or review of the monitoring network, model calibration and validation, the uncertainty may be that established for modelling applications

Amendment 309
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section AA (new) – point 2 – table

Text proposed by the Commission
Amendment
Air pollutant	Maximum uncertainty of fixed measurements	Maximum uncertainty of indicative measurements (1)	Maximum ratio of uncertainty of modelling over uncertainty of fixed measurements
	Absolute value	Relative value	Absolute value	Relative value	Maximum ratio
PM2.5 (24-hour)	6,3 μg/m3	25 %	8,8 μg/m3	35 %	2,5
PM10 (24-hour)	11,3 μg/m3	25 %	22,5 μg/m3	50 %	2,2
NO2 (daily)	7,5 μg/m3	15 %	12,5 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
NO2 (hourly)	30 μg/m3	15 %	50 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
SO2 (daily)	7,5 μg/m3	15 %	12,5 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
SO2 (hourly)	52,5 μg/m3	15 %	87,5 μg/m3	25 %	3,2
CO (24-hour)	0,6 mg/m3	15 %	1,0 mg/m3	25 %	3,2
CO (8-hour)	1,0 mg/m3	10 %	2,0 mg/m3	20 %	4,9
Ozone (peak season): uncertainty of the 8h values	10,5 μg/m3	15 %	17,5 μg/m3	25 %	1,7
Ozone (8h mean)	18 μg/m3	15 %	30 μg/m3	25 %	2,2
(1) When using indicative measurements for other purposes other than compliance assessment, such as, but not only: design or review of the monitoring network, model calibration and validation, the uncertainty may be that established for modelling applications.

Amendment 239
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section B – paragraph 3

For the other cases, measurements are to be evenly distributed over the calendar year (or over the April-September period for indicative measurements of O3). In order to comply with these requirements and to ensure that any potential losses of data do not skew results, the minimum data coverage requirements shall be met for specific periods (quarter, month, weekday) of the whole year depending on the pollutant and measurement method/frequency.

For the other cases, measurements are to be evenly distributed over the calendar year (or over the April-September period for indicative measurements of O3). In order to comply with these requirements and to ensure that any potential losses of data do not skew results, the minimum data coverage and distribution requirements shall be met for specific periods (quarter, month, weekday) of the whole year depending on the pollutant and measurement method/frequency.

Amendment 240
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section D – paragraph 1 – introductory part

The following information shall be compiled for zones where air quality modelling or objective estimation is used:

The following information shall be compiled for zones where air quality modelling is used:

Amendment 241
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section D – paragraph 1 – point c a (new)

(ca) observed lack of data or information from specific sampling points,

Amendment 242
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section D – paragraph 1 – point e a (new)

(ea) in respect of measurements from transboundary stations, an estimation of transboundary pollution related to another Member State or a third country;

Amendment 243
Proposal for a directive
Annex V – Section F – point 1 a (new)

1a. The Commission shall provide clear guidance and requirements for the use of air quality models, with a view to working towards harmonisation.

Amendment 244
Proposal for a directive
Annex VI – Section B – point 2

2. The Commission may require Member States to prepare and submit a report on the demonstration of equivalence in accordance with point 1.

2. The Commission shall require Member States to prepare and submit a report on the demonstration of equivalence in accordance with point 1.

Amendment 245
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Section 1 – point A – paragraph 1

The main objectives of such measurements are to ensure that adequate information is made available on levels in urban background and rural background locations. This information is essential to judge the enhanced levels in more polluted areas (such as urban background, industry related locations, traffic related locations), assess the possible contribution from long-range transport of pollutants, support source apportionment analysis and for the understanding of specific pollutants such as particulate matter. It is also essential for the increased use of modelling also in urban areas.

The main objectives of such measurements are to ensure that adequate information is made available on levels in urban background and rural background locations. This information is essential to judge the enhanced levels in more polluted areas (such as urban background locations, air pollution hotspots, industry related locations, traffic related locations), assess the possible contribution from long-range transport of pollutants, support source apportionment analysis and for the understanding of specific pollutants such as particulate matter. It is also essential for the increased use of modelling also in urban areas.

Amendment 246
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Section 1 – point C – paragraph 1

Measurements shall be taken in urban background and rural background locations in accordance with Annex IV.

Measurements shall be taken in urban background locations, air pollution hotspots and rural background locations in accordance with Annex IV.

Amendment 247
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Section 2 – point B – paragraph 1

Measurement of ozone precursor substances shall include at least nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), and appropriate volatile organic compounds (VOC). The selection of the specific compounds to be measured completed by other compounds of interest will depend on the objective sought.

Measurement of ozone precursor substances shall include at least nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), methane (CH4) and other appropriate volatile organic compounds (VOC). The selection of the specific compounds to be measured completed by other compounds of interest will depend on the objective sought.

Amendment 248
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Section 3 a (new)

SECTION 3A - MEASUREMENT OF BLACK CARBON (BC)

A. Objectives

The objective of such measurements is to ensure that adequate information is available at locations where high concentrations of BC occur that are mainly influenced by sources from air, water, or road transport (such as airports, ports or roads), industrial sites or domestic heating. The information shall be appropriate to judge on enhanced levels of BC concentrations from those sources.

B. Substances

C. Siting

Sampling points shall be established in accordance with Annexes IV and V at a location where high BC concentrations are likely to occur and within the main wind direction.

Amendment 249
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Section 3 b (new)

SECTION 3B - MEASUREMENT OF AMMONIA (NH3)

A. Objectives

The objective of such measurements is to ensure that adequate information is available at locations where high concentrations of NH3 occur that are mainly influenced by sources from agricultural and animal farming (fields and grassland subject to the application of fertiliser, stables and storages of manure). The information shall be appropriate to judge on enhanced levels of NH3 concentrations from those sources.

B. Substances

NH3

C. Siting

Sampling points shall be established in accordance with Annexes IV and V at a location where high NH3 concentrations are likely to occur and within the main wind direction.

Amendment 250
Proposal for a directive
Annex VII – Section 3 c (new)

SECTION 3C – MEASUREMENT OF MERCURY

A. Objectives

The objective of such measurements is to ensure that adequate information is available at locations where high concentrations of mercury occur that are mainly influenced by sources from energy production and industry. The information shall be appropriate to judge on enhanced levels of mercury concentrations from those sources.

B. SUBSTANCES

Mercury

C. Siting

Sampling points shall be established in accordance with Annexes IV and V at a location where high mercury concentrations are likely to occur and within the main wind direction.

Amendment 251
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – title

Information to be included in air quality plans for improvement in ambient air quality

Information to be included in air quality plans and air quality roadmaps for improvement in ambient air quality

Amendment 252
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 2 – point a

(a) type of zone (urban, industrial or rural area) or characteristics of NUTS 1 territorial unit (including urban, industrial or rural areas);

(a) type of zone (urban, industrial, air pollution hotspot or rural area) or characteristics of NUTS 2 territorial unit (including urban, industrial, air pollution hotspot or rural areas);

Amendment 253
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 2 – point c

(c) concentrations or average exposure indicator of the relevant pollutant observed at least 5 years prior to the exceedance;

(c) concentrations or average exposure indicator of the relevant pollutant observed at least 5 years prior to the exceedance and comparison with limit values or average exposure reduction obligation and average exposure concentration objective;

Amendment 254
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 3 – paragraph 1

Names and addresses of the competent authorities responsible for the development and implementation of air quality plans.

Names and addresses of the competent authorities responsible for the development and implementation of air quality plans or air quality roadmaps.

Amendment 255
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 3 a (new)

3a. Assessment of environmental impacts and health effects

(a) concentrations and exceedances recorded in previous years, before the start of implementation of the air quality plan, the updated air quality plan or the air quality roadmap;

(b) in the event of an updated air quality plan, concentrations and exceedances recorded since the beginning of the implementation of the measures set out in the updated air quality plan;

(c) assessment of environmental impacts and health effects related to the exposure of the population to measured concentrations, including assessment of mortality and morbidity from both acute and chronic health effects on both the general population and sensitive population and vulnerable groups;

(d) methods used for the assessment of environmental impacts, exposure and health effects.

Member States shall be guided in their assesment by the concentration-response (C-R) functions defined by the WHO linking concentrations of pollutants in ambient air to mortality risks or other adverse health effects (Health risks of air pollution in Europe – HRAPIE project), as well as the counterfactual concentrations above which health impacts are estimated (‘cut-off points’).

Amendment 256
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 4 – point a

(a) list of the main emission sources responsible for pollution;

(a) list of the main emission sources and, where possible, of the specific entities responsible for pollution;

Amendment 257
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 4 – point b

(b) total quantity of emissions from these sources (in tonnes/year);

(b) total quantity of emissions from these sources and, where possible, of the specific entities (in tonnes/year);

Amendment 258
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 4 – point d

(d) source apportionment according to relevant sectors that contribute to the exceedance in the national air pollution control programme.

(d) source apportionment according to relevant sectors and, where possible, apportionment to specific entities, that contribute to the exceedance in the national air pollution control programme.

Amendment 259
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 4 a (new)

4a. Identification of effective pollution abatement measures

(a) information on all possible air pollution abatement measures that could be adopted at appropriate local, regional or national level to contribute to the attainment of air quality objectives and their estimated effect in air pollution reduction of each air pollutant, including at least the pollution abatement measures listed under point B;

(b) assessment of the emission reduction potential and projected impact on reducing concentrations resulting from the implementation of each of the possible pollution abatement measures identified, both individual and combined impacts, including the method of analysis and the associated uncertainties in line with the methodology referred to in Point Ba.

Amendment 260
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 4 b (new)

4b. Baseline scenario

(a) a description of existing air pollution abatement measures at local, regional, national and international level, including up-to-date information on the status and timetable of implementation;

(b) information concerning the status of implementation of the Directives referred to in point B, point 1, and in particular measures included in the National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP);

(c) observed effects of the measures referred to in points (a) and (b) in addressing the factors responsible for the exceedance (emission reductions achieved and related concentration reductions);

(d) a projected further evolution of air quality, both emissions and concentrations, assuming no change to already adopted measures (‘baseline scenario’), covering all years until the attainment date;

(e) an estimate of health effects related to the exposure of the population to air pollution in the baseline scenario;

(f) a description of the method of analysis for the projections and the associated uncertainties in line with the methodology referred to in Point Ba.

Amendment 261
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 5 – introductory part

5. Expected impact of measures to reach compliance within 3 years after adoption of the air quality plan

5. Expected impact of measures to reach compliance as soon as possible and, at the latest, within 3 years after the end of the calendar year in which the first exceedance was recorded

Amendment 262
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 5 – point b

(b) estimated year of compliance per air pollutant covered by the air quality plan taking into account measures referred to in point 6.

(b) indicative trajectory towards compliance and estimated year of compliance per air pollutant covered by the air quality roadmap or air quality plan taking into account measures referred to in point 6.

Amendment 263
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 5 – point b a (new)

(ba) for air quality roadmaps under Article 19(-1) and air quality plans under Article 19(1), with a view to ensuring that the exceedance period is kept as short as possible, detailed reasons to explain how the plan sets out measures referred to in point 4a of this Point, including the following:

(i) where the start date for implementation of a measure is later than 6 months from the date of adoption of the air quality plan or air quality roadmap, an explanation of the reasons why an earlier start date is not possible;

(ii) where the analysis pursuant to point 4a has identified measures that would have greater impacts in improving air quality, but they have not been selected for adoption, an explanation of the reasons why adoption of such measures is not considered feasible.

Amendment 264
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 6 – point -a (new)

(-a) review of pollution reduction measures as referred to in point 4a of this Point and their estimated effect on air pollution reduction of each air pollutant, including at least the measures listed under Point B;

Amendment 265
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 6 – point a

(a) listing and description of all the measures set out in the air quality plan, including the identification of the competent authority in charge of their implementation;

(a) listing and description of all the measures set out in the air quality plan or air quality roadmap and justification for those measures in terms of the source of exceedance, their effectiveness, their efficiency and their availability in time, including the identification of the competent authority in charge of their implementation;

Amendment 266
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 6 – point b

(b) quantification of emission reduction (in tonnes/year) of each measure under point (a);

(b) quantification of emission reduction (in tonnes/year), by source and, where possible, by specific entities, of each measure, both individual and combined, under point (a);

Amendment 267
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 6 – point c

(c) timetable for implementation of each measure and identification, where possible, of the specific entities which have obligations arising from the measures set out in the air quality plan or air quality roadmap, and a description of those obligations and their economic and social impacts;

Amendment 268
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 6 – point d

(d) estimate of the concentration reduction as a consequence of each air quality measure, in relation to the exceedance concerned;

(d) estimate of the concentration reduction in relation to the exceedance concerned, as a consequence of each air quality measure, both individual and combined, under point (a);

Amendment 269
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 7 – point d

(d) listing and description of all additional measures, that unfold their full impact on ambient air pollutant concentrations in 3 years or more.

(d) listing, description, justification and socio-economic impact of all additional measures, that unfold their full impact on ambient air pollutant concentrations in 3 years or more.

Amendment 270
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section A – point 7 a (new)

7a. Annex 2a: A summary of the public information and consultation measures undertaken pursuant to Article 19(6), their results and an explanation of how these results were taken into account in the final air quality plan or air quality roadmap.

Amendment 271
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – introductory part

2. Information on all air pollution abatement measures that have been considered at local, regional or national level for implementation in connection with the attainment of air quality objectives, including:

2. When preparing air quality plans or air quality roadmaps, Member States shall consider at least the following air pollution abatement measures at local, regional or national level for implementation in connection with the attainment of air quality objectives, including:

Amendment 272
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point c

(c) procurement by public authorities, in line with the handbook on environmental public procurement, of zero emissions road vehicles, fuels and combustion equipment to reduce emissions;

(c) procurement by public authorities, in line with the handbook on green public procurement, of fuels, combustion equipment to reduce emissions and zero-emission vehicles as defined in Article 3(1), point (m), of Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council1a;

___________

1a Regulation (EU) 2019/631 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 setting CO2 emission performance standards for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 (OJ L 111, 25.4.2019, p. 13).

Amendment 273
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point c a (new)

(ca) reduction of emissions through the uptake of zero- and low-emission collective and public transport vehicles and/or vehicles equipped with modern digital solutions affecting emissions reduction;

Amendment 274
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point c b (new)

(cb) measures to improve the quality, efficiency, affordability and connectivity of collective and public transport;

Amendment 275
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point c c (new)

(cc) measures related to the uptake and implementation of alternative fuel infrastructure;

Amendment 276
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point d

(d) measures to limit transport emissions through traffic planning and management (including congestion pricing, differentiated parking fees or other economic incentives; establishing urban vehicles access restrictions schemes, including low emission zones);

(d) measures to limit transport emissions through urban planning and traffic management, including at least:

(i) congestion pricing, such as road pricing and mileage-based user fees;

(ii) choice of road materials;

(iii) parking fees on public land or other economic incentives and with differentiated fees for polluting and zero-emission vehicles;

(iv) establishing urban vehicles access restrictions schemes, including low emission zones in line with the most recent Euro standard, and zero-emission zones;

(v) establishing low-traffic neighbourhoods, super blocks and car-free neighbourhoods;

(vi) establishing car-free streets;

(vii) introducing low speed limits;

(viii) ‘last mile’ zero (exhaust) emission delivery arrangements;

(ix) promoting car sharing and carpooling;
(x) implementation of intelligent transport systems and digital solutions related to emissions reduction;

(xi) creation of multimodal hubs connecting various sustainable transport solutions and parking facilities;

Amendment 277
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point e

(e) measures to encourage a shift towards less polluting forms of transport;

(e) measures to encourage a modal shift towards active mobility and less polluting forms of transport (e.g walking, cycling, public transport or rail), including at least:

(i) electrifying public transport, strengthening the public transport network, reducing public transport cost for citizens, and simplifying access and use, for example through digital and interconnected booking and real-time transit information;

(ii) ensuring smooth inter-modality for rural-urban commuting, for example between rail and cycling, and between cars and public transport (park and ride schemes);

(iii) incentivising cycling and walking, for example by expanding space for cyclists and pedestrians, prioritising cycling and walking in infrastructure planning, expanding the network of cycling routes, and redirecting fiscal and economic incentives towards active and shared mobility, including incentives for cycling and walking commute to work;

(iv) planning for compact cities;

(v) scrappage schemes for the most polluting vehicles;

Amendment 278
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point g

(g) measure to ensure that low emission fuels are given preference in small-, medium- and large-scale stationary sources and in mobile sources;

(g) requiring the use of best available technologies to eliminate or, where it is not possible to eliminate, to reduce as much as possible emissions from small-, medium- and large-scale stationary sources and in mobile sources;

Amendment 279
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point h a (new)

(ha) measures to reduce air pollution in air pollution hotspots, including in ports and port cities, and establishing specific requirements for ships and boats at berth and port traffic, while speeding-up on-shore power supply and electrification of ships and port working machinery;

Amendment 280
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point h b (new)

(hb) reduction of emissions from road, maritime and air transport through the use of alternative fuels and deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, as well as the use of economic incentives to accelerate their take-up;

Amendment 281
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point h c (new)

(hc) measures to reduce emissions from agriculture and forestry;

Amendment 282
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point i

(i) measures to protect the health of children or other sensitive population groups.

(i) measures to protect the health of children or other sensitive population and vulnerable groups;

Amendment 283
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B – point 2 – point i a (new)

(ia) measures by health authorities to encourage behavioural changes.

Amendment 284
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII – Section B a (new)

Ba. Guidance and minimum requirements for analysing the projected impact of air quality plans or air quality roadmaps and pollution abatement measures

1. Member States shall rely on objective and scientific methods to assess the projected impact of air quality plans, air quality roadmaps and pollution abatement measures. Where relying on projected impacts of pollution abatement measures for the delivery of compliance with air quality objectives, those projections shall include a low level of uncertainty.

2. Air quality plans or air quality roadmaps shall contain enough information in sufficient detail in order to justify the impact assessment, including:

(a) a description of the method used for forecasting the evolution of air quality;

(b) an explanation of whether the projections are based on objective data or on assumptions; when relying on assumptions, a sensitivity analysis to explain best-case, most likely and worst-case scenarios;

(d) an assessment of the individual impact of each air pollution abatement measure on emission reductions and related concentration reductions and the relevant assumptions;

(e) an assessment of the combined impact of the air pollution abatement measures included in the air quality plan or air quality roadmap on emission reductions and related concentration reductions and the relevant assumptions.

3. The impact assessment shall include the margin of uncertainty of the projections, and the margin of confidence on factors, such as the real world emissions of vehicles or stoves, or the uncertainty about the impact of voluntary measures aiming at pushing behaviour changes.

4. In line with the obligation to achieve compliance in the shortest time possible, when modelling future scenarios, whenever the projections extend beyond 3 years, the results shall be shown for each year of the projected period.

5. Sensitivity scenarios shall be included, describing the upper and lower confidence intervals in light of possible variations in the different assumptions and description of the best-case, most likely and worst-case scenarios.

Amendment 285
Proposal for a directive
Annex VIII a (new)

ANNEX VIIIa

EMERGENCY MEASURES TO BE CONSIDERED FOR INCLUSION IN THE SHORT-TERM ACTION PLANS REQUIRED UNDER ARTICLE 20

1. Measures to be taken in the short term aimed at addressing the sources which contribute to the risk of the relevant limit values, target values or alert threshold being exceeded:

(a) restricting the circulation of vehicles;

(b) low-fare or fare-free public transportation;

(d)  suspending operations at construction works;
(e)  street cleaning;
(f)  flexible work arrangements;

(g) introducing driving restrictions around locations frequented by sensitive population and vulnerable groups.

3. Proactive steps to be taken in order to provide specific air pollution, health and health protection information, both to the general public and to sensitive population and vulnerable groups, by means of easily accessible, online or offline communication channels, as soon as exceedances of information and alert thresholds and of limit values and target values are projected.

Amendment 286
Proposal for a directive
Annex IX – point 1 – point b

(b) measured concentrations of all pollutants presented according to the appropriate periods as laid down in Annex I;

(b) measured concentrations of all pollutants and how they compare with the most recent maximum concentrations recommended by the WHO, presented according to the appropriate periods as laid down in Annex I;

Amendment 287
Proposal for a directive
Annex IX – point 1 – point c – introductory part

(c) information on observed exceedance(s) of any limit value, ozone target value, and average exposure reduction obligation, including at least:

(c) information on observed exceedance(s) of any limit value, ozone target value, information threshold, alert threshold, and average exposure reduction obligation, including at least:

Amendment 288
Proposal for a directive
Annex IX – point 1 – point d – point i

(i) the health impacts of air pollution on general population,

(i) the health impacts of air pollution, and specifically of each pollutant measured under this Directive, on general population,

Amendment 289
Proposal for a directive
Annex IX – point 1 – point d – point ii

(ii) the health impacts of air pollution on vulnerable groups,

(ii) the health impacts of air pollution, and specifically of each pollutant measured under this Directive, on vulnerable groups,

Amendment 290
Proposal for a directive
Annex IX – point 1 – point d – point iv

(iv) recommended precautions to be taken,

(iv) recommended precautions to be taken, broken down into precautions to be taken by the general population and by sensitive population and vulnerable groups, and actions to relieve the symptoms once exposure has occurred,

Amendment 291
Proposal for a directive
Annex IX – point 2 – point d

(d) information on preventive action to reduce pollution and/or exposure to it: indication of main source sectors; recommendations for action to reduce emissions;

(d) information on short-term measures and preventive actions to reduce pollution and/or exposure to it: indication of main source sectors; recommendations for action to reduce emissions and limitations on exposure;

(1)	The matter was referred back for interinstitutional negotiations to the committee responsible, pursuant to Rule 59(4), fourth subparagraph (A9-0233/2023).

Last updated: 13 February 2024

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