The tables below show basic statistical data in several areas relating to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), namely: the agriculture and food industries in the Member States (Table II), the integration of environmental concerns into the CAP (Table III), the forestry sector (Table IV), CAP financing and expenditure (Tables I and V) and trade in agricultural and food products (Table VI).
| Commitment appropriations (EUR billion at 2018 constant prices) |
EU-27 2014 -2020 (1) |
EC proposal 2021-2027 (May 2018) (2) |
% (1)/(2) |
EP proposal 2021-2027 (November 2018) (3) |
% (1)/(3) |
Finnish Presidency proposal (December 2019) (4) |
Council Presidency proposal (February 2020) (5) |
% (1)/(5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Total MFF commitment appropriations | 1 082.2 | 1 134.6 | +5% | 1 324.1 | +22% | 1 087.0 | 1 094.8 | +1% |
| As a percentage of EU-27 GNI | 1.16% | 1.11% | — | 1.30% | — | 1.07% | 1.074% | — |
| B. CAP — Pillar 1 (EAGF) | 286.1 | 254.2 | -11% | 286.5 | 0.0% | 254.2 | 256.7 | -10% |
| C. CAP — Rural development (EAFRD) |
96.7 | 70.0 | -28% | 96.7 | 0.0% | 80.0 | 72.5 | -25% |
| D. TOTAL CAP (Pillars 1 and 2) (B + C) |
382.8 | 324.2 | -15% | 383.2 | 0.0% | 334.2 | 329.2 | -14% |
| E. CAP as a percentage of MFF | 35.4% | 28.5% | — | 28.9% | — | 30.7% | 30.1% | — |
Sources: European Commission (proposals of May 2018), European Parliament (resolution of 14 November 2018, Texts adopted, P8_TA(2018)0449) and Council (draft conclusions of December 2019 and February 2020)
| Utilised agri-cultural area (UAA) (1 000 ha) |
No of farms (1 000 farms) |
UAA per farm (ha) |
Employment in agriculture (1 000 persons) |
Total agricultural output (million EUR) |
Share of primary sector of GVA/GDP (%) |
Factor income per annual work unit (EUR/AWU) |
Employment in the food industry (1 000 persons) |
Share of food industry in GVA (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | 2016 | 2016 | 2017 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2012 | |
| BE | 1 329 | 36.8 | 36.7 | 51.4 | 8 701 | 0.8 | 33 617 | 119.7 | 2.0 |
| BG | 5 030 | 202.7 | 22.0 | 186.6 | 4 253 | 4.2 | 8 965 | 109.0 | 3.8 |
| CZ | 3 521 | 26.5 | 130.2 | 113.3 | 5 422 | 2.2 | 19 840 | 130.5 | 2.4 |
| DK | 2 631 | 35.0 | 74.6 | 56.7 | 11 649 | 1.2 | 43 461 | 60.3 | 1.4 |
| DE | 16 687 | 276.1 | 60.5 | 490.3 | 57 005 | 0.8 | 33 443 | 913.2 | (2011) 1.7 |
| EE | 1 002 | 16.7 | 59.6 | 17.1 | 1 004 | 2.6 | 13 353 | 14.0 | 2.0 |
| EL | 5 151 | 684.90 | 6.6 | 437.8 | 11 307 | 4.3 | 15 070 | 128.5 | (2011) 3.2 |
| ES | 23 841 | 945.0 | 24.6 | 749.7 | 50 637 | 2.9 | 32 459 | 482.4 | (2011) 2.7 |
| FR | 29 101 | 456.5 | 60.9 | 646.1 | 75 419 | 1.8 | 32 272 | 648.8 | 1.9 |
| IE | 4 470 | 137.6 | 35.5 | 104.3 | 8 578 | 1.0 | 22 783 | 56.6 | 4.7 |
| IT | 12 843 | 1 145.7 | 11.0 | 797.8 | 56 579 | 2.1 | 19 579 | 493.7 | 1.9 |
| CY | 123 | 34.9 | 3.2 | 8.7 | 740 | 2.0 | 16 459 | 9.5 | 2.0 |
| HR | 1 497 | 134.5 | 11.6 | 92.2 | 2 275 | 3.6 | 5 961 | 62.8 | — |
| LV | 1 932 | 69.9 | 27.6 | 45.7 | 1 560 | 3.8 | 6 269 | 27.9 | (2010) 2.4 |
| LT | 2 935 | 150.3 | 19.5 | 90.9 | 3 000 | 3.0 | 6 413 | 38.7 | 4.6 |
| LU | 131 | 1.9 | 66.3 | 3.1 | 429 | 0.3 | 23 082 | 1.3 | 0.7 |
| HU | 5 352 | 430.0 | 10.9 | 197.3 | 8 705 | 4.3 | 8 715 | 141.5 | 2.2 |
| MT | 11 | 9.2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 127 | 1.0 | 9 913 | 4.6 | 1.7 |
| NL | 1 790 | 55.7 | 32.3 | 171.1 | 28 635 | 1.8 | 54 576 | 141.0 | 2.8 |
| AT | 2 656 | 132.5 | 20.1 | 157.2 | 7 561 | 1.3 | 19 628 | 82.9 | 1.9 |
| PL | 14 498 | 1 410.7 | 10.2 | 1 574.2 | 26 789 | 2.8 | 6 965 | 542.1 | (2011) 2.9 |
| PT | 3 603 | 259.0 | 14.1 | 278.6 | 7 958 | 2.3 | 10 902 | 103.4 | (2011) 2.2 |
| RO | 13 378 | 3 422.0 | 3.7 | 1 925.2 | 19 942 | 4.8 | 4 380 | 216.1 | (2011) 6.1 |
| SI | 481 | 69.9 | 7.0 | 49.4 | 1 320 | 2.2 | 5 072 | 17.0 | 1.5 |
| SK | 1 911 | 25.7 | 73.6 | 48.5 | 2 232 | 3.3 | 19 212 | 54.4 | 1.7 |
| FI | 2 272 | 49.7 | 44.9 | 70.8 | 4 571 | 2.8 | 19 736 | 36.8 | 1.6 |
| SE | 3 011 | 62.9 | 47.9 | 60.8 | 6 243 | 1.2 | 27 785 | 46.3 | 1.3 |
| UK | 17 360 | 185.1 | 90.1 | 329.4 | — | 0.6 | 36 365 | 416.2 | (2011) 1.6 |
| EU- 28 | 178 548 | 10 467.7 | 16.6 | 8 756.0 | 412 808 (EU-27) | 1.6 | 17 304 | 5 116.6 | 2.0 (EU-27) |
Sources: Eurostat, ‘Agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics’, 2018 Edition; European Commission, ‘CAP Context Indicators 2014-2020, 2018 update’.
| Share of UAA classed as Natura 2000 area (%) |
Territory classed as nitrate vulnerable zone (NVZ) (%) |
Farming intensity (EUR per ha UAA in constant input prices) | Share of UAA under organic farming (%) |
Share of agriculture in production of renewable energy (%) |
Share of forestry in production of renewable energy (%) |
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural soils (1 000 t CO2 equivalent) and share of total (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2012 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2016 | 2016 | |
| BE | 7.2 | 76.2 | 1 322 | 6.6 | 27.2 | 42.1 | 10 582 (8.8%) |
| BG | 22.4 | 34.6 | 201 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 58.3 | 5 603 (10.4%) |
| CZ | 6.6 | 41.6 | 303 | 14.7 | 17.9 | 69.4 | 7 604 (6.0%) |
| DK | 4.7 | 100.0 | 803 | 9.7 | 3.0 | 45.5 | 14 773 (26.2%) |
| DE | 10.6 | 100.0 | 632 | 7.3 | 26.6 | 30.8 | 98 556 (10.8%) |
| EE | 5.7 | 7.2 | 113 | 20.5 | 0.0 | 95.6 | 1 948 (11.4%) |
| EL | 18.7 | 24.3 | 363 | 9.3 | 5.4 | 31.7 | 6 324 (6.7%) |
| ES | 16.8 | 16.2 | 280 | 9.3 | 6.8 | 30.0 | 30 774 (10.5%) |
| FR | 8.3 | 45.5 | 454 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 46.4 | 82 927 (18.8%) |
| IE | 3.7 | 100.0 | 344 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 23.3 | 25 793 (38.1%) |
| IT | 10.8 | 12.6 | 509 | 15.2 | 8.7 | 30.4 | 25 839 (6.2%) |
| CY | 6.1 | 5.3 | 972 | 4.6 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 206 (2.3%) |
| HR | 25.7 | n.a. | 339 | 6.9 | 1.9 | 67.1 | 2 955 (15.3%) |
| LV | 6.6 | 12.8 | 139 | 14.5 | 5.9 | 85.2 | 5 958 (56.1%) |
| LT | 4.6 | 100.0 | 128 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 80.1 | 6 344 (51.6%) |
| LU | 21.1 | 100.0 | 458 | 4.4 | 14.1 | 50.6 | 740 (7.7%) |
| HU | 14.7 | 56.2 | 232 | 3.9 | 13.5 | 75.1 | 6 587 (11.2%) |
| MT | 7.9 | 100.0 | 4 581 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 0.0 | 66 (3.1%) |
| NL | 4.3 | 100.0 | 2 213 | 3.1 | 35.0 | 29.0 | 26 110 (12.8%) |
| AT | 11.5 | 100.0 | 395 | 24.1 | 7.0 | 48.1 | 7 589 (9.8%) |
| PL | 11.5 | 4.5 | 244 | 3.3 | 10.3 | 71.1 | 28 785 (7.6%) |
| PT | 18.1 | 3.7 | 271 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 44.7 | 7 392 (11.3%) |
| RO | 12.7 | 57.8 | 194 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 58.7 | 16 098 (17.8%) |
| SI | 23.2 | 100.0 | 280 | 10.0 | 2.2 | 55.1 | 1 673 (12.8%) |
| SK | 16.0 | 29.8 | 161 | 9.9 | 18.5 | 52.1 | 1 267 (3.6%) |
| FI | 1.2 | 100.0 | 403 | 13.1 | 4.3 | 79.0 | 14 105 (42.6%) |
| SE | 4.1 | 19.8 | 343 | 20.3 | 1.2 | 54.1 | 10 438 (95.8%) |
| UK | 2.5 | 43.6 | 336 | — | 9.8 | 30.9 | 43 060 (8.9%) |
| EU-28 | 11.0 | 45.3 (EU-27) |
396.6 | 8.0 (EU-27) |
11.7 | 44.7 | 490 098 (11.9%) |
Source: European Commission, ‘CAP Context Indicators 2014-2020, 2018 update’.
| Member State EU-28 |
Forests[1] (1 000 ha, 2015) |
Other wooded land[2] (1 000 ha, 2015) |
Other land (1 000 ha, 2015) |
Ownership of forest: % of Public forests (2015) |
Forest and other wooded land per inhabitant (ha, 2015) |
Volume of total roundwood removals (1 000 m³, 2010) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 3 869 | 153 | 4 221.5 | 25.8 | 0.47 | 17 550 |
| Belgium | 683.4 | 35.7 | 2 308.7 | 46.5 | 0.06 | — |
| Bulgaria | 3 823 | 22 | 7 011 | 87.9 | 0.53 | 6 372 |
| Croatia | 1 922 | 569 | 3 105 | 71.7 | 0.59 | 5 178 |
| Cyprus | 172.7 | 213.5 | 538 | 68.8 | 0.34 | 11 |
| Czechia | 2 667.4 | — | 5 054.2 | 76.6 | 0.25 | 16 183 |
| Denmark | 612.2 | 45.5 | 3 585.3 | 23.7 | 0.12 | 3 180 |
| Estonia | 2 232 | 223.6 | 2 067.2 | 41.3 | 1.85 | 7 736 |
| Finland | 22 218 | 801 | 7 370 | 30.4 | 4.23 | 59 411 |
| France | 16 989 | 590 | 37 187 | 24.7 | 0.27 | 51 005 |
| Germany | 11 419 | — | 23 442 | 52 | 0.14 | 55 613 |
| Greece | 3 903 | 2 636 | 6 351 | 77.5 | 0.59 | 1 217 |
| Hungary | 2 069.1 | 121.3 | 7 113.2 | 57.6 | 0.22 | — |
| Ireland | 754 | 47.2 | 6 087.8 | 53.2 | 0.17 | 2 908 |
| Italy | 9 297 | 1 813 | 18 304 | 33.6 | 0.19 | — |
| Latvia | 3 356 | 112 | 2 750 | 52.3 | 1.72 | 12 294 |
| Lithuania | 2 180 | 104 | 3 983.5 | 61.4 | 0.77 | 6 414 |
| Luxembourg | 86.8 | 1.4 | 170.9 | 47.1 | 0.16 | 381 |
| Malta | 0.3 | — | 31.7 | — | — | — |
| The Netherlands | 376 | — | 2 999 | 48.5 | 0.02 | 1 173 |
| Poland | 9 435 | — | 21 187 | 81.9 | 0.24 | 41 375 |
| Portugal | 3 182.1 | 1 725.1 | 4 118.3 | 3 | 0.47 | 11 533 |
| Romania | 6 861 | 90 | 16 051 | 67 | 0.35 | 15 315 |
| Slovakia | 1 940 | — | 2 870 | 50.2 | 0.36 | 8 995 |
| Slovenia | 1 248 | 23 | 743 | 25.3 | 0.62 | 5 054 |
| Spain | 18 417.9 | 9 208.8 | 22 253.3 | 29.2 | 0.59 | 16 719 |
| Sweden | 28 073 | 2 432 | 10 528 | 24.3 | 3.18 | 74 300 |
| United Kingdom | 3 144 | 20 | 21 029 | 28.4 | 0.05 | 10 550 |
| EU-28 | 161 082 | 20 836 | 242 461 | 39.7 | 0.36 | 446 819 |
Source: Eurostat
| 1. Distribution by Member State Direct Aids/Markets and other measures 2018 / Rural Development 2018 (EUR million) |
2. Percentage of farms benefiting from direct aids under the EAGF (2018) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member State |
a. Direct aids (1st pillar — EAGF) |
b. Total 1st pillar — EAGF (incl. (a.)) |
c. Total EAFRD (2nd pillar) |
(b+c) % of total EU | d. With aid ≤ EUR 5 000 | e. With aid ≤ EUR 20 000 | f. With aid ≥ EUR 50 000 |
| BE | 501.5 | 608.9 | 69.1 | 1.2 | 34.36 | 74.75 | 3.95 |
| BG | 783.8 | 815.5 | 205.7 | 1.8 | 67.73 | 90.29 | 4.60 |
| HR | 240.5 | 249.2 | 206.1 | 0.8 | 91.13 | 98.78 | 0.23 |
| CZ | 834.1 | 852.7 | 324.6 | 2.0 | 58.93 | 81.45 | 10.05 |
| DK | 827.4 | 842.8 | 89.7 | 1.6 | 48.80 | 73.13 | 13.05 |
| DE | 4 815.1 | 4 999.7 | 1 117.7 | 10.8 | 44.85 | 80.13 | 4.52 |
| EE | 122.6 | 125.8 | 128.1 | 0.4 | 77.52 | 90.96 | 3.67 |
| EL | 2 043.8 | 2 116.9 | 579.9 | 4.8 | 81.97 | 98.11 | 0.17 |
| ES | 5 072.3 | 5 581.8 | 899.7 | 12.1 | 69.03 | 90.61 | 2.08 |
| FR | 7 193.5 | 7 822.8 | 1 725.0 | 16.9 | 27.55 | 57.14 | 9.16 |
| IE | 1 197.0 | 1 226.5 | 318.7 | 2.7 | 44.62 | 88.84 | 1.29 |
| IT | 3 675.7 | 4 322.8 | 1 045.7 | 9.5 | 81.69 | 95.73 | 1.18 |
| CY | 49.4 | 57.3 | 14.5 | 0.1 | 94.62 | 98.95 | 0.18 |
| LV | 228.1 | 237.1 | 192.6 | 0.8 | 87.31 | 96.39 | 1.23 |
| LT | 462.5 | 491.4 | 219.4 | 1.2 | 86.39 | 96.91 | 0.70 |
| LU | 33.1 | 33.6 | 14.5 | 0.1 | 26.50 | 58.51 | 5.48 |
| HU | 1 279.6 | 1 320.0 | 385.9 | 3.1 | 78.44 | 92.86 | 2.60 |
| MT | 5.1 | 5.3 | 9.3 | 0.0 | 96.85 | 99.19 | 0.10 |
| NL | 720.3 | 778.6 | 80.7 | 1.5 | 28.40 | 71.45 | 3.73 |
| AT | 691.4 | 719.4 | 512.8 | 2.2 | 57.79 | 95.40 | 0.39 |
| PL | 3 364.6 | 3 433.3 | 944.5 | 7.8 | 87.93 | 99.03 | 0.23 |
| PT | 665.0 | 769.6 | 503.0 | 2.2 | 87.06 | 96.22 | 1.30 |
| RO | 1 774.5 | 1 810.5 | 1 146.1 | 5.2 | 94.15 | 98.43 | 0.58 |
| SI | 134.8 | 142.2 | 110.9 | 0.4 | 80.05 | 99.18 | 0.10 |
| SK | 438.4 | 447.9 | 200.2 | 1.1 | 73.47 | 86.58 | 8.48 |
| FI | 523.4 | 532.3 | 351.8 | 1.6 | 47.25 | 86.59 | 2.28 |
| SE | 685.6 | 697.7 | 195.6 | 1.6 | 58.53 | 83.33 | 5.08 |
| UK | 3 132.8 | 3 181.3 | 580.9 | 6.7 | 30.56 | 68.23 | 10.39 |
| EU-27 (Ex. UK) | 38 315.2 | 41 041.8 | 11 592.6 | — | — | — | — |
| EU-28 | 41 496.5 | 44 223.1 | 12 173.5 | 100.0 | 75.23 | 92.21 | 1.94 |
Sources: Columns (a) and (b): European Commission, 12th Financial Report on the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund — EAGF 2018. Column (b) does not include expenditure made directly by the Commission (EUR 141.4 million in 2018).
Column (c): European Commission, 12th Financial Report on the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development — EAFRD 2018, Total payments made by Member State, Tables 10a (2007-2013 period) and 10b (2014-2020 period).
Columns (d), (e) and (f): European Commission, ‘Indicative Figures on the Distribution of Aid, by size-class of aid, received in the context of direct aid paid to the producers in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 1307/2013 — Financial Year 2018’.
| EXTRA-EU-28 TRADE | A. Imports (EUR million) |
% of row 2 | B. Exports (EUR million) |
% of row 2 | Balance (B-A) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. All trade | 1 980 361 | — | 1 955 746 | — | -24 615 |
| 2. Agricultural-food trade | 116 310 | 100 | 137 528 | 100 | 21 218 |
| % agricultural-food trade (2/1) | 5.9% | — | 7.0% | — | -86.2% |
| Commodities / primary products | 79 905 | 68.7% | 46 010 | 33.5% | -33 895 |
| Processed (incl. wine) | 12 625 | 10.9% | 27 198 | 19.8% | 14 573 |
| Food preparations and beverages | 11 280 | 9.7% | 49 439 | 35.9% | 38 159 |
| Non-edible | 12 500 | 10.7% | 14 882 | 10.8% | 2 382 |
| SELECTED COUNTRIES | |||||
| Argentina | 5 138 | 4.4% | 265 | 0.2% | -4 871 |
| Brazil | 11 910 | 10.2% | 1 784 | 1.3% | -10 126 |
| China | 5 711 | 4.9% | 11 101 | 8.1% | 5 390 |
| India | 3 153 | 2.7% | 849 | 0.5% | -2 304 |
| Indonesia | 4 341 | 3.7% | 772 | 0.6% | -3 569 |
| Japan | 350 | 0.3% | 6 642 | 4.8% | 6 292 |
| Russia | 1 630 | 1.4% | 6 624 | 4.8% | 4 994 |
| Switzerland | 4 593 | 4.0% | 8 254 | 6.0% | 3 661 |
| Ukraine | 5 617 | 4.8% | 2 064 | 1.5% | -3 553 |
| United States of America | 12 078 | 10.4% | 22 256 | 16.2% | 10 178 |
| SELECTED COUNTRIES (TOTALS) | 54 521 | 46.9% | 60 611 | 44.0% | -6 090 |
Source: European Commission (DG AGRI), Agri-Food Trade Statistical Factsheet. EU — Extra EU-28, March 2019; Monitoring EU Agri-Food Trade: Agri-food trade in 2018; Trade Statistics 2018 — DG AGRI (Trade picture files by country — Main EU partners).
Albert Massot