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Circular economy 1.0 and 2.0: A comparison

Накратко 22-01-2016

When withdrawing the July 2014 circular economy package, the Commission pledged to put forward 'a more ambitious proposal.' The new package presented in December 2015 retains many elements from the initial one. Differences include somewhat lower waste-management targets, a weaker focus on food waste, and more detailed measures enabling a shift to a circular economy.

Five tonnes of waste per capita are generated every year in the European Union (EU), mostly from the construction and mining sectors, with municipal waste accounting for roughly 10% of the total. Although wide differences remain between Member States, recent trends in the treatment of municipal waste show a shift away from landfilling and an increase in the proportion of waste recycled. Management of waste can have adverse effects on the environment, climate and human health. EU waste policy ...

The main purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the effluent charging and enforcement systems of the 15 EU Member States, including the institutional responsibilities and the conditions related to the issuing of permits to discharge effluents directly into natural waters. The information on which this report is based was collected mainly from water authorities in the Member States, usually from the ministries responsible for environmental affairs.