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The government of the United Kingdom (UK) introduced the 'Northern Ireland Protocol bill' in the House of Commons on 13 June 2022. If enacted, the bill provides that certain provisions of the Northern Ireland Protocol would no longer 'have effect in the UK'. The main fields concerned are i) customs and movement of goods, ii) regulation of goods, iii) State aid, and iv) application of EU law. On 15 June, the EU relaunched the infringement procedure against the UK for failing to properly implement ...

On 5 May 2022, voters elected the members of the Northern Ireland Assembly (NIA) in a challenging political context, due among other things to differences over the Northern Ireland Protocol. Indeed, the largest unionist party in Northern Ireland strongly opposes the Protocol, and has blocked the work of Northern Ireland's political institutions pending changes in its operation. The UK government has reiterated its readiness to 'unilaterally dis-apply' the Protocol and/or to suspend it – putting forward ...

Both the Withdrawal Agreement (WA) and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) between the EU and the UK allow a party to adopt measures in order to induce the other party to comply with a ruling delivered by an arbitral tribunal. Both agreements also allow the implementation of measures without having first to resort to the relevant dispute settlement mechanism, and the TCA provides for compensatory measures if a party has been found to have applied remedial measures that are inconsistent with ...

On 2 August 2021, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced that an exceptionally large allocation of special drawing rights (SDRs), worth US$650 billion (€550 billion), had been approved with effect from 23 August 2021. The SDR allocation, the largest in the IMF's history, would serve to 'boost global liquidity' and help all members 'address the long-term global need for reserves'. The initiative complies with the IMF's mission of monitoring and promoting stability on the international monetary ...

Census data and demographic statistics are of great relevance for policy-making at the European, national, regional and local levels. At a time where the European Union (EU) is undergoing major demographic changes, driven by an ageing population, low fertility rates and increased migration flows, demand for accurate and timely population statistics rises. In parallel, owing to progress in digitalisation, statistical data collection methods are shifting from traditional population censuses and surveys ...

The Lisbon Treaty entered into force in 2009, providing the European Union (EU) with exclusive competence in the area of 'direct investment', as part of the common commercial policy. This covers the conclusion of international investment agreements (IIAs), which typically aim to protect and/or liberalise foreign direct investment. Since then, the EU has ratified protection IIAs (or provisions in trade agreements) with Canada, Singapore and Vietnam. Early on, concerns were raised as to the specific ...

The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) of the European Union (EU) is the core component of Next Generation EU, a temporary recovery instrument which allows the Commission to raise funds to help the economic and social recovery after the coronavirus pandemic. By promoting the sustainable and inclusive recovery that ensures the green and digital transitions make progress, the RRF is consistent with the Commission's priorities. Belgium has decided to use its entire grant allocation under the RRF ...

Diese Studie des EPRS analysiert die Umsetzung des Austrittsabkommens des Vereinigten Königreichs in drei Bereichen, die von der EU als entscheidend für die Gewährleistung des geordneten Austritts des Vereinig¬ten Königreichs aus der Union identifiziert wurden: Finanzregelung, Rechte der Bürger und das Protokoll zu Irland/Nordirland. Die in Teil Zwei des Austrittsabkom¬mens enthaltenen Bestimmungen über die Rechte der Bürger sollen die Rechte sowohl der EU-Bürger als auch der britischen Staatsangehörigen ...

The level playing-field (LPF) provisions of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) constitute a key part of the agreement, and are the product of some of the more challenging issues in the negotiations. The LPF provisions seek to safeguard fair competition between the parties. A notable component are the rules on social provisions, labour, environment and climate change, often referred to as the 'trade and sustainable development' (TSD ...

The European Commission is currently in the process of simplifying and harmonising the rules of origin for EU trade agreements, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of the latter. Indeed, there is a general perception that the complexity of the rules and their lack of harmonisation across EU trade agreements, together with burdensome certification procedures, may be deterring some business managers from making use of the preferential trade tariffs allowed by the agreements. Rules of origin ...