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Der Europäische Rat setzt sich zusammen aus den 27 Staats- und Regierungschefs der EU-Mitgliedstaaten, die stimmberechtigte Mitglieder sind, sowie dem Präsidenten des Europäischen Rates und dem Präsidenten der Europäischen Kommission, die nicht stimmberechtigt sind (Artikel 15 Absatz 2 des Vertrags über die Europäische Union). In der Abbildung sind die derzeitigen Mitglieder aufgeführt, sowie das jeweilige nationale Amt, das sie innehaben, ihre derzeitige europäische Parteizugehörigkeit und das Jahr ...

Armenia will hold parliamentary elections on 7 June 2026, in what is considered a highly consequential vote for the future of the South Caucasus republic and its geopolitical positioning. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, in power since leading the pro-democracy Velvet Revolution in 2018 and validated twice in previous polls (2018 and 2021), has steered Armenia on a path of domestic modernisation and democratisation, as well as towards peaceful coexistence with its historical enemy, Azerbaijan. Since ...

The digitalisation of political campaigning has made transparency in political advertising essential for electoral integrity. The Regulation on the Targeting and Transparency of Political Advertising (TTPA) – the EU’s main regulatory response – introduces harmonised transparency obligations and limits on targeting and ad-delivery techniques. A first challenge in implementing the Regulation concerns the definition of political advertising, especially the treatment of issue-based advertising. The ...

This activity report summarises the expertise support provided in 2025 by the Directorate for Impact Assessment and Evaluation to the European Parliament’s committees in the field of impact assessment and evaluation, specifically (i) ex-ante impact assessment; (ii) European added value assessments; and (iii) ex-post evaluation.

This briefing provides background information for the members of the Special committee on the European Democracy Shield (EUDS) on election infrastructure vulnerabilities to foreign interference and on corresponding countermeasures. The briefing focuses on the criticality of election infrastructure and on safeguarding electoral integrity, also in light of the approach set out in the Commission’s Communication on the European Democracy Shield. Moreover, the paper considers the role of private sector ...

In February 2026, Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae led the Liberal Democrat Party (LDP) to a landslide victory in Japan's general elections. The LDP now holds two thirds of the lower house. This outcome is chiefly due to the popularity of Takaichi, the first-ever female prime minister of Japan. The Takaichi administration is expected to face several challenges, including high inflation, which is eroding the purchasing power of Japanese households, against a backdrop of high government debt and a weak ...

On 25 November 2021, the European Commission submitted a proposal to modify Directive 93/109/EC on the right of mobile European Union (EU) citizens – those residing in a Member State of which they are not nationals – to vote and stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament. Directive 93/109/EC gave EU citizens the same rights to vote and to be elected to the European Parliament as the citizens of the Member State in which they reside. However, Member States have varying rules on the ...

Auf der November-II-Plenartagung soll das Europäische Parlament über einen Entschließungsantrag zur Anwendung der Vertragsbestimmungen in Bezug auf die Grundsätze der Subsidiarität und der Verhältnismäßigkeit sowie die Rolle der nationalen Parlamente im Rechtsetzungsverfahren der EU abstimmen. Der Ausschuss für konstitutionelle Fragen (AFCO) hat seinen Bericht am 4. November 2025 angenommen.

Iraq will hold its legislative election on 11 November 2025. Over 21 million Iraqis are eligible to vote for the 329 seats in the Council of Representatives. The election occurs amid significant political instability, sectarian divisions, and socioeconomic pressures exacerbated by corruption and a heavy reliance on oil.

Chile will hold presidential and congressional elections on 16 November 2025, with a possible runoff between the two best placed presidential candidates on 14 December, if no candidate secures the absolute majority in the first round. The two most promising candidates according to the latest polls are Jeannette Jara, from the Communist Party, and far-right candidate José Antonio Kast from the Republican Party. Crime and immigration are among the top issues that dominate the election campaign, even ...