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In July 2021, the European Commission tabled a proposal to establish a new EU authority to counter money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AMLA). This was part of a legislative package aimed at implementing the 2020 action plan for a comprehensive Union policy on preventing money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The AMLA would be the centre of an integrated system, composed of the authority itself and national authorities with an AML/CFT supervisory mandate. It would also support ...

On 7 December 2022, the European Commission made two proposals to amend EU legislation on derivative markets. The objective is to reduce the excessive and concentrated exposure of EU financial institutions to third-country central counterparties (CCPs). CCPs are clearing platforms that mitigate counterparty risks on derivative instruments by demanding collateral. Among other things, the proposals would require EU financial institutions to retain a portion of mandatory CCP derivative trading, to be ...

Bigtech finance, the EU’s growth model and global challenges

Λεπτομερής ανάλυση 14-02-2024

‘Bigtech finance’ – i.e. the provision of financial services by large digital conglomerates - has considerable implications for the EU’s growth model and raises multiple regulatory concerns about financial stability; competition and market concentration; data protection; cybersecurity and operational resilience. Bigtechs also have potential geostrategic implications because the largest digital platforms are headquartered outside the EU. To address these global challenges, this study makes recommendations ...

The IA underpins the proposal for the second revision of the Payment Services Directive with relevant internal and external expertise. Despite some weaknesses in the definition of objectives, it follows a clear intervention logic, based on four problem areas. To tackle these, 16 options and combinations of options are assessed, 12 of which are selected for the final package of preferred options. While the analysis is clear and logical overall, the details of the measures under the options and of ...

The banking union is a regulatory framework that establishes a single prudential rulebook for banks, and – for banks the failure of which it is considered would have a significant impact – a single supervisor and a Single Resolution Fund. Created as a policy response to the 2007-2008 banking crisis, banking union is essential for European monetary union and the level playing field in the EU single market for goods and services. The lessons learned during the banking crisis were a key foundation for ...

In most countries in the European Union (EU) and in the rest of the world, debt is treated more favourably from a tax perspective than equity, with interest payments on loans generally being tax deductible. In contrast, costs relating to equity financing, such as dividends, are mostly non-tax deductible. This unequal treatment of debt and equity leads to a bias towards debt in businesses' investment decisions and can lead to high levels of indebtedness in the EU corporate sector. On 11 May 2022, ...

Debt–equity bias reduction allowance (DEBRA)

Εν συντομία 10-01-2024

In May 2022, the Commission tabled a proposal ('DEBRA') to address the debt-equity bias in corporate taxation. As debt is treated more favourably from a tax perspective than equity, European companies are significantly more reliant on bank loans when funding new investments. To address this bias, the Commission proposes to introduce an allowance that will grant equity the same tax treatment as debt. The Council must vote unanimously, after consulting the Parliament, to adopt the directive. Parliament ...

This document provides an overview of the public hearings of the Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank in the ECON Committee during the 9th parliamentary term (since July 2019), and lists all research papers requested by the ECON Committee, which are in general provided by a standing panel of banking experts. The annex gives an overview of the respective legal bases for those hearings, which form part of the accountability framework of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). ...

Consumer Credit Directive

Briefing 12-12-2023

Consumer credit is a type of loan allowing consumers to purchase consumer goods and services for which they do not have the funds. It is regulated at national and EU level. The Consumer Credit Directive (CCD), in force since 2008, is the relevant EU-level legislation. While the CCD has undergone several revisions over the past decade, growing digitalisation, insufficient harmonisation and issues affecting consumer protection, among other things, prompted the Commission to propose a new directive. ...

Do "white knights" make excessive profits in bank resolution?

Λεπτομερής ανάλυση 24-11-2023

This study looks at potential windfall profits for the four banking acquisitions in 2023. Based on accounting figures, an FT article states that a total of USD 44bn was left on the table. We see accounting figures as a misleading analysis. By estimating marked-based cumulative abnormal returns (CAR), we find positive abnormal returns in all four cases which when made quantifiable, are around half of the FT’s accounting figures. Furthermore, we argue that transparent auctions with enough bidders ...