Russia's war on Ukraine: Maritime logistics and connectivity

Ukraine is one of the worlds' largest producers of grains and oilseed, and – for the export of these products to Africa, the Middle East and Europe – heavily dependent on its maritime transport and ports, currently blocked because of the war. Ukraine and Russia together typically export nearly 12 % of food calories globally. Before the war, Ukraine exported more than 90 % of its agricultural products, around 6 million tons per month, via the Black Sea. Alternative routes by road and rail only provide for a partial solution, while free navigation in open sea is an international right of sovereign states.