Romania's National Recovery and Resilience Plan: Latest state of play

Romania's national recovery and resilience plan (NRRP) represents an ambitious agenda of reforms and investment aimed at mitigating the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19, energy and cost-of-living crises. The amended plan – approved by the Council on 8 December 2023 – amounts to €28.5 billion, or 12.8 % of the country's 2019 gross domestic product (GDP). This includes the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) grants of €12.1 billion (cut by 14.9 % following the June 2022 revision of the allocation); REPowerEU grants worth €1.4 billion; the transfer of Romania's share (€43.2 million) from the Brexit Adjustment Reserve to its NRRP; and the RRF loan allocation already fully committed under the initial version of the plan (€14.9 billion). The recovery plan is to be implemented by 2026. The REPowerEU chapter comes with seven investment and two reform measures, which –together with the remaining NRRP measures – devote €12.6 billion (44.1 % of the plan) to the green transition. Digital projects have been endowed with 21.9 % of the NRRP resources (excluding the REPowerEU chapter). Romania has so far received €9.4 billion (33.1 %) of RRF resources, including two payments and the pre-financing; this is below the EU average of 47.4 %. On 16 October 2024, the European Commission issued a partial positive assessment of the third payment request for grants and loans of €2 billion (net of pre-financing); the assessment, proposing a partial payment suspension, is being examined by the Council's Economic and Financial Committee. According to the Commission's evaluation in the 2024 European Semester, execution of the NRRP is facing significant delays. The European Parliament continues to guarantee transparency and provide accountability for EU citizens by engaging in interinstitutional dialogues on the implementation of the RRF and scrutinising the Commission's work. This briefing is one in a series covering all EU Member States. Fifth edition. The 'NGEU delivery' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the lifecycle of the plans. The author would like to thank Amalia Fumagalli, trainee in the Next Generation EU Monitoring Service, for her research assistance.