Think Tank

The housing crisis is a growing problem in Europe. In fact, 10% of EU households are spending over 40% of their income on housing. While housing policy is primarily a national competence, the EU’s role in internal market, social, cohesion and environmental policy underpins EU action in this sector. The European Pillar of Social Rights and the Renovation Wave strategy sanctioned more EU action to specifically tackle homelessness and ensure affordable and decent housing and living conditions.

Executive Vice-President Fitto and Commissioner Dombrovskis are invited to the 19th Recovery and Resilience Dialogue (RRD) under the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) Regulation, scheduled for 16 June 2025. The previous RRD took place on 31 March 2025.

This interdisciplinary report focuses on tax barriers to cross-border mobility of workers in the EU. Tax fragmentation creates multiple negative impacts on the EU Internal Market, and compliance costs vary considerably across size, industries and countries. Further, employees’ choice of host country may be distorted by the tax differential. The report concludes with specific policy recommendations for more tax harmonisation and coordination, and for simplified compliance requirements.

In 2023, Estonia accounted for 0.4 % of the EU's net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 27.9 % compared with 2005. The country's total emissions decreased by 40.6 % between 2005 and 2023, but its land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector remained a net emissions source in 2023, after being a carbon sink up until 2013. While emissions from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) fell by 59 % compared with 2005, those from sectors covered ...

'Securitisation' is the process of pooling financial assets (such as loans, mortgages and consumer credit) and turning them into tradable securities. This process allows banks to transfer the risk of some loans to other banks or long-term investors, such as insurance companies and asset managers. Banks are then allowed to use the capital which was set aside to cover the risk of those same loans to create and sell new loans. In the European Union (EU), the space freed up in banks' balance sheets through ...