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During the January plenary session, the European Parliament is expected to vote on a legislative initiative calling on the European Commission to propose a new directive to protect workers in the green and digital transitions. The directive would address the challenges and opportunities of a just transition in the workplace, and establish an EU framework of policy measures for regions affected by the twin transitions. The report calls for more EU funding for the just transition post-2027.

Although it is a long-standing concept, the 28th regime was emphasised by Enrico Letta's report in 2024 as a major recommendation to reinforce the single market and remove internal barriers. The International Monetary Fund estimates that the persistent barriers to the EU single market still represented the equivalent of a 110 % tariff on services. The 28th regime, which has yet to be defined, would possibly be a specific legal framework that would govern various aspects of businesses that opt into ...

Women continue to be under-represented in EU countries at all levels of political decision-making as well as in political parties. The origins of this situation are complex, but one reason stands out: violence against women active in politics discourages many women from entering the political arena. Female politicians are exposed to two severe and intersecting forms of violence: political violence and gender-based violence. Violence against people active in politics, whether men or women, is a major ...

In line with the Erasmus+ Regulation for 2021-2027, the European Commission conducted an evaluation covering Erasmus+ actions for the period 2014-2023. It comprises both an interim evaluation of the current 2021-2027 programme and a final evaluation of the 2014-2020 programme. Across both programme generations, the evaluation found that Erasmus+ delivered significant European added value, performing well against key evaluation criteria and effectively achieving its objectives. It yielded substantial ...

With the adoption of the European Green Deal, the EU set its vision for a new growth strategy, transforming itself into a climate-neutral Union. At the same time, the digital transition continues to transform the world of work at an unprecedented speed. Anticipating and managing such transitions requires a broader approach: in line with the EU core values, this process should be fair and inclusive. The European Commission is set to present two initiatives to support this process: (i) a new action ...

The gender pay gap persists globally and in the European Union, and progress in reducing it is slow. To accelerate the realisation of the principle of 'equal pay for work of equal value', the United Nations marked the first International Day for Equal Pay on 18 September 2020. This year marks its sixth edition. This is an update of an 'At a glance' note from September 2022.

Everyone provides or receives care at some point in their life. However, care work, whether provided in institutional settings such as childcare centres and healthcare facilities, or in home settings, is largely invisible, undervalued and carried out by women. The resulting gender care gap has profound consequences for the European Union's (EU) labour market and competitiveness as well as the well-being and cohesion of society. This briefing seeks to support the European Parliament's committees on ...

Erasmus+ is the EU programme for education, training, youth and sports for the 2021-2027 period, established by a 2021 regulation of the European Parliament and the Council. It is a successor to the 2014-2020 programme. Erasmus+ is commonly known as a student learning mobility programme, but it actually consists of a wide array of other actions to bolster the potential of European youth. This paper looks specifically at youth policies within Erasmus+.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) introduced the World Day Against Child Labour in 2002. The day is observed annually on 12 June. The 2025 World Day focused on the release of the latest estimates and trends on global commitments to eliminate child labour, with a key message: 'Progress is clear, but there's more to do: let's speed up efforts!' This is a further update of a 2023 'At a glance' note originally drafted by Ingeborg Odink.

This interdisciplinary report focuses on tax barriers to cross-border mobility of workers in the EU. Tax fragmentation creates multiple negative impacts on the EU Internal Market, and compliance costs vary considerably across size, industries and countries. Further, employees’ choice of host country may be distorted by the tax differential. The report concludes with specific policy recommendations for more tax harmonisation and coordination, and for simplified compliance requirements.