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The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), adopted in June 2024, is the world’s first comprehensive regulatory framework for AI. It sits at the centre of the EU’s broader digital rulebook, alongside the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Data Act, the Digital Services Act (DSA), the Digital Markets Act (DMA), the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), and the NIS2 Directive. Together, these laws aim to promote safety, trust, and competitiveness in Europe’s digital economy. However, questions arise ...

This study explores how the AI Act relates to various other crucial pieces of EU digital legislation, such as the GDPR, the Data Act and the Cyber Resilience Act. It assesses overlaps and gaps between these acts, and shows that, while each of them is individually well targeted, their interplay creates significant regulatory complexity. Finally, it also provides reflections and suggestions for possible evolutions of the AI Act, and of EU digital legislation as a whole, keeping in mind the objective ...

This study investigates the integration and effects of artificial intelligence and algorithmic management (AM) technologies within European workplaces, extending beyond the realm of platform work. It thoroughly examines the European regulatory framework for the use of AM technologies, engages in stakeholder interviews, and analyses case studies within the logistics, healthcare, telecoms, automotive and manufacturing sectors, revealing notable gaps in worker protection and regulatory oversight. The ...

As the global race to harness the power of artificial intelligence (AI) accelerates, the European Union has set the objective of becoming a leading AI continent. The adoption of the Artificial Intelligence Act in 2024 was a milestone in establishing a comprehensive regulatory framework for AI in the EU, but regulation alone cannot make the EU a technological leader. In April 2025, the European Commission published an AI continent action plan, a communication that attempts to look beyond rules and ...

During the September 2025 plenary session, MEPs are due to pose questions to the European Commission regarding the taxation of large digital platforms, and the state-of-play in discussions on this topic at international level. In particular, the Commission will be asked whether it would consider a unilateral digital tax at EU level in the absence of an agreement at international level.

The European Commission presented its proposal for the new 2028-2034 multiannual financial framework (MFF) in July 2025. A key point of discussion is likely to be the proposed reform of the EU's cohesion policy, its main regional development tool. Parliament considers it essential to maintain EU cohesion policy's long-term investment and place-based rationale and priorities, while acknowledging the need for modernisation and further simplification to improve implementation. During its September plenary ...

Smart and sustainable transport plays a significant role in advancing the EU's green and digital transitions under the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the crisis-response instrument the EU launched to boost EU economic recovery in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. All EU Member States included transport-related measures in their national recovery and resilience plans. Member States are collectively investing almost €83 billion in smart and sustainable transport, amounting to 12.8  % of the ...

As a complement to the definitions set out in the first part of the Glossary, this second part offers additional analytical insights, including a brief conceptual history of the terms. It examines varied perspectives and illustrates how Performance Budgeting, Mainstreaming, and Conditionality are applied in EU policymaking. By drawing on academic literature, institutional reports, and case-based examples, it aims to support a critical reflection on the related challenges ahead of the 2028-2034 Multiannual ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly used in the areas of migration and asylum. These technologies promise to increase efficiency, reduce uncertainty and improve decision-making. In the asylum context, AI applications are meant to reduce pressure on national asylum systems and contribute to fairer and more consistent asylum decisions. Despite potential benefits, these technologies come with significant risks. Inaccurate or biased AI applications may jeopardise the right to asylum ...

This study explores the design of future Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation (R&I) in the European Union. Employing a foresight methodology – comprising a literature review, case studies, scenarios and foresight workshops with stakeholders – the study examines prevailing discourses on Framework Programme structures, identifies key R&I trends, and analyses the challenges posed by current developments. It presents a set of hypothetical programme structures alongside policy recommendations ...