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This infographic provides an insight into the economic performance of the United Kingdom compared with the European Union (EU) and looks at the trade dynamics between them. United Kingdom’s GDP per capita at the beginning of the series was significantly higher than the EU27 average. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the GDP per capita at PPP between the EU and the United Kingdom took converging directions. The exchange rate between the Pound Sterling and the Euro stabilized at approximately 0.9 after ...

The free movement of people between the EU and the UK ended on 1 January 2021, with the end of the transitional period set out in the Withdrawal Agreement, signed in January 2020. The EU and UK both apply their own migration and asylum systems, with ad hoc cooperation on various aspects of migration.

The Monthly highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, on the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

The United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Much of the relationship following the withdrawal is set out in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), which came fully into force in May 2021. The depth and complexity of relations between the EU and the UK following the withdrawal vary depending on the policy area concerned. For example, the TCA devotes many more articles to energy relations than to climate relations. There are a variety of reasons for this, but it can often be ...

The end of free movement between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK), following Brexit, has brought about a decline in long-term migration, but also in short-term mobility for certain categories of EU and UK citizens. Young people seem to be particularly affected.

Cross-border civil society links were integral to the UK's membership of the EU and continue to be an important aspect of the EU–UK relationship. In July 2023, members of the UK and European Parliaments will discuss ways to support civil society cooperation, including town twinning.

The Withdrawal Agreement (WA) and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) between the EU and the UK set the terms for the UK’s departure from the Union and a framework for future relations. Tensions surfaced, mainly related to fisheries and the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland (the Protocol), which is a part of the WA. The UK had threatened to take 'unilateral measures' on issues such as border controls. For its part, the EU launched legal actions against the UK for failing to fulfil its ...

The UK Withdrawal Negotiations raised awareness about the positive effects of European integration on regional development and cross-border cooperation in Ireland – and their vulnerability to Brexit. This At a glance note summarises the report explaining and evidencing the impact of Brexit – anticipated, actual and potential – in this unique case study. Its focus is on non-trade related matters, including administrative, environmental and cultural, particularly as managed at local and regional levels ...

The UK Withdrawal Negotiations raised awareness about the positive effects of European integration on regional development and cross-border cooperation in Ireland – and their vulnerability to Brexit. This report explains and evidences the impact of Brexit – anticipated, actual and potential – in this unique case study. Its focus is on non-trade related matters, including administrative, environmental and cultural, particularly as managed at local and regional levels. In light of these, it makes ...