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Could introducing more precision agriculture in Europe allow us to obtain food resilience, while ensuring sustainability and jobs, and taking into account the EU’s wide agricultural diversity? Precision agriculture (PA), or precision farming, involves using technology to improve the ratio between agricultural output (usually food) and agricultural input (land, energy, water, fertilisers, pesticides, etc.). PA consists of using sensors to identify crop or livestock needs precisely (in space or time ...

This study has been prepared to review current and future technological options for the European Electronic Toll Service. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each of the six technologies currently in existence. It also assesses on-going technological developments and the way forward for the European Union.