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This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, aims to analyse the European Commission’s proposals to reform the legal framework on the processing of Advance Passenger Information (API) data. The analysis takes stock of the current legal framework regarding the processing of travellers’ data. Then, it provides an outline of the Commission’s proposals, followed by an assessment of the fundamental ...

Given the important role they play in the roll-out of zero-emission mobility and the storage of intermittent renewable energy, batteries are a crucial element in the EU's transition to a climate neutral economy. On 10 December 2020, the European Commission presented a proposal designed to modernise the EU's regulatory framework for batteries in order to secure the sustainability and competitiveness of battery value chains. The proposal seeks to introduce mandatory requirements on sustainability ( ...

Road safety has improved significantly in the EU, with the number of road fatalities falling by more than 60 % in the last 20 years. However, improvements in road safety have fallen short of the EU goals of decreasing the number of road deaths by 50 % between 2001 and 2010, and by an additional 50 % between 2011 and 2020. Directive (EU) 2015/413 facilitating cross-border exchange of information on road safety-related traffic offences – the Cross-border Enforcement (CBE) Directive – is one of the ...

This study examines the EU’s policy on human rights clauses in its international agreements since 2014. It focuses on the inclusion of human rights clauses in framework agreements, in line with the 2009 ‘Common Approach’, and how these clauses apply to more ‘specific’ agreements between the parties in sectoral agreements. It also looks at human rights clauses in sectoral agreements, especially sustainable fisheries partnership agreements and financing agreements, contrasting these with timber and ...

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE), examines and makes recommendations on the two Directives on standards for equality bodies proposed by the Commission in 2022. It explores the current situation for equality bodies, establishing issues that trammel their potential due to inadequacies in the design of their institutional architecture ...

This study analyses the need to adopt further EU financial regulation on decentralized finance after the implementation of the Markets in Crypto Asset Regulation and the revision of the Transfer of Funds Regulation, with a special view on crypto lending, crypto staking, crypto custody, the use of non-formal information, NFTs and sustainability. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on Economic and ...

The European Union (EU) is committed to the elimination of forced labour, a denial of rights of which there are 28 million victims globally. In September 2022, the European Commission proposed a Regulation to ban all products made by forced labour from the EU market (COM (2022) 453). This proposal has been criticised for failing to facilitate remedies for forced labour victims, in line with EU and global standards such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. This Briefing ...

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Petitions (PETI), has as its aim to analyse the Commission’s proposal for a Regulation on the recognition of parenthood in the EU. The study examines the problem of non-recognition of parenthood between Member States and its causes, the current legal framework and the (partial) solutions it offers to this problem, the background of the Commission ...

This study has been commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, Directorate-General for Internal Policies at the request of the ENVI Committee. It analyses EFSA’s independence and transparency policies and examines how legislative provisions have been implemented by EFSA and whether rules and practices adopted by EFSA can be improved.

European countries have been experiencing medicine shortages due to disruptions in the supply chain. Reshoring the productions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is considered as an approach to secure the supply. This study informs about the state-of-play of API production in the European Union, including reshoring initiatives. Studying potential benefits and challenges of local API production and the processes of reshoring, the document explores measures to facilitate the production of ...