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This study assesses the needs and vulnerabilities of the EU in accessing products containing Critical Raw Materials (CRM) needed for the green and digital transitions in a changing geopolitical context. It provides an overview on the wider situation, as well as a policy context. The study sets out to identify at which stage of the supply chain, ranging from raw materials to final products, the European industrial eco-system is dependent on CRM imports. It reviews the CRM methodology designed by the ...

Les pays riches en minerais touchés par des conflits peuvent être confrontés à un cercle vicieux, dans lequel les recettes tirées de l'extraction illégale de leurs ressources nourrissent des révoltes armées. Pour rompre ce lien, les organisations internationales et le Parlement européen ont appelé à la mise en place de systèmes instituant un devoir de diligence pour les entreprises de la chaîne d’approvisionnement en minerais. La Commission a présenté en mars 2014 une proposition de règlement instituant ...

The example of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) demonstrates how mineral extraction in developing countries may fuel or aggravate internal armed conflicts characterised by extreme levels of violence. In an effort to sever the linkage between mineral extraction and conflict finance, the UN and the OECD have developed guidelines for companies sourcing minerals from conflict areas. While the US has introduced legally binding requirements for corporations, the EU has yet to enact similar legislation ...

Greenland, a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark and one of the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) associated with the EU, faces major challenges. New opportunities have arisen thanks to Greenland's rich resources of critical raw materials which are becoming increasingly more accessible due to climate change.

The illegal and brutal exploitation of mines in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) funds armed groups who terrorise the region. The international community has launched several initiatives against "conflict minerals". Most aim to encourage responsible conduct by industries that buy the minerals, through certification systems for smelters. The multitude of fragmented initiatives poses a challenge for coordination. Implementation, difficult in a context of chronic bad governance, could ...