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The institution of the Advocate General was introduced into the Treaty of Rome under the influence of the French delegation during the preparation of the Treaty. The French were staunchly opposed to allowing individual judges to present dissenting or concurring opinions, and instead proposed this be done by an Advocate General, a figure modelled on the French commissaire du gouvernement, who offers legal advice to the Conseil d'État on the cases being tried. Initially, there were two Advocates General ...

The Court of Justice of the European Union

Bileoga Eolais AE 01-04-2017

The Court of Justice of the European Union is one of the EU’s seven institutions. It consists of two courts of law: the Court of Justice proper and the General Court. It is responsible for the jurisdiction of the European Union. The courts ensure the correct interpretation and application of primary and secondary Union law in the EU. They review the legality of acts of the Union institutions and decide whether Member States have fulfilled their obligations under primary and secondary law. The Court ...

In December 2013, Advocate-General Pedro Cruz Villalón delivered his opinion in a highly publicised case before the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) concerning the Data Retention Directive. This has reignited the debate over this controversial measure, described by the European Data Protection Supervisor as "the most privacy-invasive instrument ever adopted by the EU".