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Based on a 2018 (REFIT) evaluation, the IA defines the main problems, the objectives and the policy options to address them with a clear intervention logic. It is based on solid internal and external expertise and various consultations to compensate for a considerable (and acknowledged) lack of data. While it is transparent about methods, uncertainties and limitations, additional quantification and/or substantiation would have been useful in some areas, namely when it comes to potential impacts on ...

Many consequences of climate change are already hard to reverse, and extreme weather events will become more frequent in the future. That shows a need to discuss which climate impacts are difficult or impossible to adapt to, and a need to address losses and damages. All regions will be affected by climate change, but the extent of loss and damage will vary between locations. Although the concept of Loss and Damage (L&D) is not new, it is still quite vague and not well defined in climate policy. It ...

Il presente studio analizza le clausole comuni nei contratti dei fornitori di servizi digitali, indicando quando possano falsare in modo significativo l'equilibrio tra i diritti e gli obblighi delle parti a danno dei consumatori e debbano pertanto rientrare nell'ambito di applicazione della direttiva sulle clausole abusive nei contratti. Inoltre, lo studio esamina le particolarità della valutazione della trasparenza on-line delle clausole dei fornitori di servizi digitali e le sanzioni a cui questi ...

Anti-competitive practices cause substantial harm to the EU's economy, but currently only some Member States provide for victims to sue for damages suffered. Yet, even in these cases, high costs and procedural and legal obstacles may discourage individuals and small and medium-sized enterprises from exercising their rights.

Violent attacks by Israeli settlers against Palestinians in the West Bank, including in East Jerusalem, have increased substantially in recent years, reaching a record high in 2011. This violence, coupled with an unrelenting harassment and the continual expansion of the settlements, is undermining not only the security and livelihood of the Palestinian population, but also the likelihood of achieving peace and the two-state solution. The international community — including the United States, Israel's ...