Ieškoti

Hydrogen is a versatile energy carrier and feedstock with potential to anchor a climate-neutral economy, driving decarbonisation in key sectors such as heavy industry (iron and steel), chemicals (plastics and fertilisers), and transportation (aviation and maritime), while supporting the EU's climate and energy objectives. Beyond this, hydrogen can serve as a reliable form of energy storage. Low-carbon hydrogen can be produced from natural gas using carbon capture and storage technology, through electrolysis ...

The forthcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference – COP30 – to be held in Belém, Brazil, in November 2025, is a decisive moment in international climate action. By September 2025, countries have to submit the third round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC 3.0) that will determine whether the targets of the Paris Agreement remain within reach. NDCs are countries' climate plans, setting national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets and means of implementation. Parties to ...

As a complement to the definitions set out in the first part of the Glossary, this second part offers additional analytical insights, including a brief conceptual history of the terms. It examines varied perspectives and illustrates how Performance Budgeting, Mainstreaming, and Conditionality are applied in EU policymaking. By drawing on academic literature, institutional reports, and case-based examples, it aims to support a critical reflection on the related challenges ahead of the 2028-2034 Multiannual ...

In a geopolitical context which temporarily affects food security, climate change remains the most common driver of food insecurity. It will continue to disrupt the entire food supply chain in the long term – from production (upstream) to storage, processing and distribution (downstream). On the supply side, rising temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events harm key crops like wheat and grain maize, and challenge livestock and seafood. Southern Europe is particularly vulnerable, raising ...

This paper provides an overview of both long-standing and new legal and policy developments concerning Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). The focus is on four major components: i) observing different approaches and understandings about EHRDs; ii) analysing the content of international obligations concerning EHRDs and mechanisms for reviewing implementation and accountability; iii) discussing the opportunities and challenges of using European Union (EU) instruments to advance the realisation ...

This study analyses the development, costs, future potential, and role of Direct Air Capture (DAC) and subsequent storage (DACCS) technologies in Europe’s decarbonisation strategy. While current costs are high and uncertain, DAC and DACCS are expected to become more economically viable through technological improvements and scaling. Given the environmental trade-offs of various CO₂ removal methods under development, including DACCS, a diverse portfolio will be needed. Our study shows that DAC and ...

In 2023, Estonia accounted for 0.4 % of the EU's net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 27.9 % compared with 2005. The country's total emissions decreased by 40.6 % between 2005 and 2023, but its land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector remained a net emissions source in 2023, after being a carbon sink up until 2013. While emissions from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) fell by 59 % compared with 2005, those from sectors covered ...

The EU fights global climate change through domestic action and international cooperation, and has an extensive toolbox to deliver on its domestic climate targets. In addition, the EU has signed the Paris Agreement, Article 6 of which includes tools for international cooperation. This note explains the historic and potential role of international carbon credits in the EU, in light of the recent debate.

Under the European Climate Law, the EU must reduce its net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 55 % by 2030 compared with 1990, and reach climate neutrality by 2050 (see trajectory in Figure 1). Over the 2005-2023 period, net emissions in the EU decreased by 30.5 % (37 % compared with 1990). The land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector is a significant carbon sink, although its capacity to increase carbon sequestration is under pressure, while the EU emissions trading system (ETS) is ...

The second May plenary session in 2025 opened with Nataša Pirc Musar, President of the Republic of Slovenia, addressing Parliament in a formal sitting. Following her call for European solidarity, Members then debated the EU's response to the Israeli government's plan to seize the Gaza Strip, the urgent need for humanitarian support and for all hostages to be freed. Members also debated the Hungarian government's drift to Russia-style repression, including threats to freedom of expression and democratic ...