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Last year’s UN Climate Change Conference, COP27, made some headway in efforts to fight climate change, but its overall progress was limited. The gathering agreed to create a loss-and-damage fund, to support poorer countries disproportionately affected by climate change while only being responsible for a small share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Governments at COP27 also called for reform of the International Monetary Fund and the multilateral development banks, to align global public finance ...

The European Union’s international trade has suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic, broken supply chains, the growth of protectionism in many regions and, most recently, from Russia’s war on Ukraine. The United States' trade policy towards China, which is aimed at curbing the authoritarian country’s growing power, has exacerbated the fragmentation of trade. The United States has adopted the Inflation Reduction Act, a massive green subsidy programme which analysts and politicians say may lower the competitiveness ...

Die vorliegende Studie ist Teil eines weiter gefassten Projekts, das als Grundlage für den integrierten und korrelierten Vergleich der Regelung des Grundsatzes der Gleichheit und Nichtdiskriminierung in den unterschiedlichen positiven Rechtsordnungen dienen soll. Auf den folgenden Seiten werden die in Spanien geltenden Rechtsvorschriften und die konstitutionelle Rechtsprechung analysiert. Parallel dazu wird die Dogmatik des Konzepts und der Natur dieses Rechts unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner ...

Energy prices have recently fallen in the European Union, easing slightly the energy crisis for consumers and businesses caused by Russia’s 11-month-long war on Ukraine. EU emergency measures, diversification of supplies and a benign winter have all helped to reduce energy costs, which skyrocketed after Russia curtailed fossil fuel exports with the aim of pressing the EU to reduce support for Ukraine, and in response to EU sanctions on Moscow. In December, EU governments agreed to cap gas prices, ...

As Russia’s war on Ukraine has entered into its 11th month, Moscow’s forces have launched fierce attacks in the east of the country, hoping for gains after a series of retreats in the second half of 2022. In some of the most intense fighting since the invasion, Russia’s onslaught focused on the salt-mining town of Soledar, a stepping-stone in Moscow's push to capture the entire Donbas region. In the preceding weeks, Russia has been bombing Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, depriving many areas and ...

The past year has been a genuine annus horribilis, shaking Europe and the world with security, economic and geopolitical shocks. Russia's brutal and unprovoked attack on Ukraine is the biggest military conflict on the continent since the Second World War. Apart from causing horrific death tolls, suffering and destruction, the war triggered security, political, energy and migration crises and undermined the nascent economic recovery from the COVID pandemic, fuelling record inflation and clouding growth ...

Dieses Dokument ist Teil einer Reihe von Studien, mit denen die Grundsätze der Gleichheit und der Nichtdiskriminierung in verschiedenen Staaten und internationalen Organisationen aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht dargestellt werden sollen. Nach einer Erklärung der einschlägigen Rechtsvorschriften und Rechtsprechung werden der Inhalt, die Grenzen und die mögliche Entwicklung dieser Grundsätze analysiert. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich Belgien In der vorliegenden Studie wird zunächst nachgezeichnet ...

Russia’s war on Ukraine and its entire population has generated a historic outflow of people, largely women and children, fleeing the hostilities. About five million refugees from Ukraine have been recorded across the EU and other countries, triggering a refugee and humanitarian crisis at a scale unseen in Europe since World War II. A recent study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development suggests that EU policies focus on giving refugees quick access to support for integration ...

Several simultaneous crises have put renewed pressure on the European Union to revise decision-making procedures and economic policies. Russia’s war on Ukraine, growing protectionism worldwide, technological rivalry with China and the US, problems with the rule of law in some Member States, post-pandemic issues and migration woes pose many challenges on the political side. On the economic front, many economists and politicians are calling for fiscal reforms, energy system overhaul and new EU funds ...

After decades of growing global integration, the world is becoming more fragmented in a number of areas, many analysts say. Deglobalisation can be defined as movement towards a less connected world, characterised by powerful nation states, local solutions, and border controls, rather than global institutions, treaties, and free movement. The recent growth of protectionism, problems with supply chains, the diminishing role of global institutions, geopolitical shifts, technological rivalry and falling ...