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Several EU directives dealing with equality require EU Member States to establish equality bodies with a focus on assisting victims of discrimination and preventing and fighting discrimination on the grounds listed under the directives. However, their rules are too general and have no precise definition of these bodies' duties and manner of operation, thus leading to disparities among the Member States' bodies. Additionally, the work of some Member States' bodies has been hampered by lack of resources ...

The study developed herein aims to address the concerns raised as to the field of retail investments. It aims at analysing market practices and the applicable legislative landscape in order to identify room for improvement and, ultimately, propose potential solutions to foster retail investor protection and participation in financial markets. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Committee on Economic and ...

Partnership agreements (PAs) are overarching documents that define the strategy and investment priorities for the cohesion policy funds. By the end of 2022, the PAs for all 27 Member States for the 2021-2027 programming period had been adopted; EU support is worth €368 billion and the total investment is €545 billion, taking into account national financing. PAs in this programming period are much shorter and more concise documents than the agreements in the 2014-2020 period. The two policy objectives ...

This study provides a comparative assessment of the 28 Common Agricultural Policy Strategic Plans of the EU Member States. It assesses the main features of the regulatory framework for the 2023-2027 period including the approval pro-cess of the plans and provides an overview of the financial allocations of the 28 Strategic Plans and the specificities of their implementation. The study provides a first evaluation of the relevance of the Strategic Plans and their contribution to the objectives of the ...

This study assesses the EU Global Gateway strategy in terms of its strategic governance and implementation in its first year. To this end, the Global Gateway’s policy context, financial architecture and initial flagship projects were examined by means of a desk review and multi-stakeholder consultations. At the same time, a preliminary assessment was conducted using the criteria laid down by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development. The assessment ...

The distinction between delegated and implementing acts was introduced in Articles 290 and 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union by the Treaty of Lisbon. Before its entry into force, the distinction was not formally known, although the idea of delegated legislation in the EU legal order was already present. In particular, acts adopted under the regulatory procedure with scrutiny (RPS) as part of the comitology procedure are often regarded as direct predecessors of today's delegated ...

The original full study on the Commission's use of consultants in the preparation of legislation was carried out by the Centre for Strategy & Evaluation Services (CSES) in 2022. It examines the European Commission's use of consultants over the past 10 years, its evolution and extent, and considers the budgetary, legal and political implications raised by the current practice.

This study analyses the main provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/680 as well as their implementation within national laws in order to contribute to the European Parliament’s positions and findings regarding the evaluation and review of the Directive. In that context, the study identifies shortcomings and explores potential ways forward through a concrete set of recommendations.This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at ...

Sweden is a parliamentary democracy. This is embodied by the Swedish Riksdag, which consists of a single chamber with 349 members, elected for four years. It is also a constitutional monarchy with the King or Queen as head of state. He or she has no political power, however, and carries out only symbolic functions. The head of state opens the new parliamentary session each autumn and chairs the Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs. The government proposes legislation or amendments and implements Riksdag ...

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) entered into force on 1 November 2022. The DMA rules apply to large companies – designated as gatekeepers – that provide core platform services such as marketplaces, app stores, online search engines or cloud computing services in the EU. Most of the act's provisions will apply as of 2 May 2023, when the gatekeeper designation procedure will start. That designation follows notification by the respective platforms to the Commission. Operators designated as gatekeepers ...