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This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, focuses on the scope of the CJEU’s jurisdiction over national measures relating to the organisation of national judiciaries. After providing an overview of the legal framework post Lisbon Treaty, the study offers a chronological outline and a transversal assessment of the CJEU’s case law relating to the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU ...

Argentina is Latin America's second-largest country in terms of size, fourth-largest in terms of population, and third most important in economic terms. It is a federal republic, composed of 23 autonomous provinces plus the autonomous (capital) City of Buenos Aires. It is an electoral democracy with universal adult suffrage, a presidential system of government and separation of powers. Executive power is vested in the President of the Republic, legislative power in the bicameral National Congress ...

Judicial independence is one of the key components of the rule of law (Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union – TEU), together with the fundamental right to a fair trial (Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union) and the principle of effective judicial protection (Article 19(1) TEU). When it comes to standards for judicial independence, a special role is played by the Council of Europe and its judicial body, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in Strasbourg. ...

On 27 January 2017, newly installed US President, Donald Trump, signed an executive order, which, amongst other things, suspended nearly all travellers from seven Muslim-majority states from entry to the United States. The executive order has led to protests in the country and has been challenged in court, while several international leaders have spoken out against it.

This study is one of a series of papers requested by the EP's Committee on Foreign Affairs in connection with its role as (rotating) chair of the Parliamentary Troika of the Stability Pact for South East Europe in 2006. The Committee has been organising four parliamentary seminars involving representatives from the relevant specialised parliamentary bodies (committees and sub-committees) from the region. This paper examines the process of judicial reform in the countries of South East Europe and ...