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Housing costs make up a significant part of households' final consumption expenditures. However, these costs are only partially captured by the inflation indicator on which the European Central Bank (ECB) bases its monetary policy decisions. While the costs of paying rent feed into the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) – the indicator used to assess the achievement of the ECB's price stability objective – the costs of living in a home owned by the occupier do not. Instead, only expenditure ...

This study presents the specific difficulties of women over 25 years of age living alone (divided into three groups: single women, single mothers and elderly women) in the European countries, highlighting national differences in the incidence and main characteristics of women living alone, and analyses the policies adopted to support their economic and living conditions, focusing on pension and assistance schemes and providing examples of good practices and policy recommendations.