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Even though the EU and Iran have worked together over the past 4 years to save the nuclear agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), relations between the two sides have reached a new low. The EU is concerned about the acceleration of Iran's nuclear programme in violation of the JCPOA and the country's reluctance to cooperate fully with the International Atomic Energy Agency. In addition, the Iranian authorities' violent crackdown on and execution of peaceful protesters has ...

Euratom was created in 1957 to further European integration and tackle energy shortages through the peaceful use of nuclear power. It has the same members as the European Union and is governed by the Commission and Council, operating under the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice. Euratom regulates the European civil nuclear industry, which produces almost 30 % of energy in the EU. Euratom's work safeguards nuclear materials and technology, facilitates investment, research and development ...

The International Atomic Energy Agency referred the issue of Iran's nuclear programme to the UN Security Council (UNSC) in 2006. The UN gradually adopted restrictive measures against Iran, including an embargo on states exporting materials that could be used for Iran's nuclear programme and placing financial and travel restrictions on certain individuals. Following several years of rather chilly relations between Iran and the E3/EU+3 (France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the EU High Representative ...

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreed on 14 July 2015 concludes the long process of negotiations concerning Iran's nuclear programme. A political understanding by the parties concerned, it aims to ensure that Iran's nuclear programme will be exclusively peaceful, in exchange for termination of restrictive measures against Iran. The deal received a generally positive reaction in Europe and Asia but mixed reception in the US and the region.

A Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (NWFZ) is seen as a useful instrument to implement multilateral agreements prohib­iting acquisition, stocking, and testing of nuclear weapons. As for the Middle East, talks have been in the air for decades. However, due to hostility between Israelis and Palestinians, frozen diplomatic relations, Israeli and Iranian nuclear ambitions and the unstable political situation in the region talks have not yet materialised. Hopes were dampened when the Helsinki conference, scheduled ...

This Briefing Paper examines the legal basis of EU policy towards Iran in the context of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) legal framework. Its major emphasis is on the compatibility of the Paris Agreement concluded between the EU and Iran on 15 November 2004 with the stipulations of the NPT. In addition, the Briefing Paper addresses also the issue of Tehran’s reduced cooperation with the IAEA and its repeated threats to withdraw from ...