The Cost of Non-Europe in the area of Organised Crime and Corruption: Annex II - Corruption
Corruption is a phenomenon with significant negative consequences for the EU and its Member States. This research paper uses a mix of methodologies to quantify the overall costs of corruption in the EU in economic, social and political terms. The findings, based on new analysis, suggest that corruption costs the EU between €179bn and €990bn in GDP terms on an annual basis. Current anti-corruption measures relevant to Member States and the EU as a whole are described and their effectiveness in reducing the levels of, and opportunities for, corruption are assessed. Eight potential areas for EU action are identified that might address the barriers to the effectiveness of current measures. The costs of non-Europe are calculated in relation to two of these, as well as in relation to the implementation of recently created EU laws.
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This study has been written by Marco Hafner, Jirka Taylor, Emma Disley, Sonja Thebes, Matteo Barberi and Martin Stepanek at RAND Europe and by Professor Mike Levi at the request of the European Added Value Unit of the Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value within the Directorate General for Parliamentary Research Services (DG EPRS) of the General Secretariat of the European Parliament.